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Dive into the research topics where M.A. Verhoff is active.

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Featured researches published by M.A. Verhoff.


International Journal of Legal Medicine | 2007

Accuracy of metric sex analysis of skeletal remains using Fordisc® based on a recent skull collection

F. Ramsthaler; Kerstin Kreutz; M.A. Verhoff

It has been generally accepted in skeletal sex determination that the use of metric methods is limited due to the population dependence of the multivariate algorithms. The aim of the study was to verify the applicability of software-based sex estimations outside the reference population group for which discriminant equations have been developed. We examined 98 skulls from recent forensic cases of known age, sex, and Caucasian ancestry from cranium collections in Frankfurt and Mainz (Germany) to determine the accuracy of sex determination using the statistical software solution Fordisc® which derives its database and functions from the US American Forensic Database. In a comparison between metric analysis using Fordisc® and morphological determination of sex, average accuracy for both sexes was 86 vs 94%, respectively, and males were identified more accurately than females. The ratio of the true test result rate to the false test result rate was not statistically different for the two methodological approaches at a significance level of 0.05 but was statistically different at a level of 0.10 (p = 0.06). Possible explanations for this difference comprise different ancestry, age distribution, and socio-economic status compared to the Fordisc® reference sample. It is likely that a discriminant function analysis on the basis of more similar European reference samples will lead to more valid and reliable sexing results. The use of Fordisc® as a single method for the estimation of sex of recent skeletal remains in Europe cannot be recommended without additional morphological assessment and without a built-in software update based on modern European reference samples.


Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology | 2006

Immunoassays for drug screening in urine

Harald Schütz; Alexandre Paine; Freidoon Erdmann; Günter Weiler; M.A. Verhoff

Immunoassays are presently used worldwide for the rapid screening of drugs. Despite the fact that they are a highly valuable tool for the testing of legal and illicit drugs, there is a real risk of false-positive and false-negative findings and many pitfalls must be taken into account when these tests are used in an uncritical manner and without valid confirmation procedures. In a long-standing successful cooperation with a large psychiatric hospital, we checked doubtful and nonplausible immunochemical findings in urine with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmation methods. The reported case histories demonstrate typical pitfalls, for example, influence of changing nutritional habits, use of sweeteners (cyclamate), uncritical creatinine correction, impaired elimination, or cross-reactivities of simultaneous therapeutic medication. In accordance with national and international associations, immunoassays are recommended as a useful tool for screening. However, confirmation analysis with conclusive methods (GC-MS or liquid chromatography-MS) is unavoidable for valid substance identification, discrimination between active and inactive metabolites, detection of congeners, and accurate determination of concentrations in body fluids.


Forensic Science International | 2010

Widespread pulmonary granulomatosis following long time intravenous drug abuse--a case report.

R. Dettmeyer; M.A. Verhoff; B. Brückel; D. Walter

Foreign body granulomas in the lungs following acute singular or long time intravenous drug abuse are frequent findings during microscopic investigation of the lungs. Most cases present single granulomas. Cases with multiple foreign body granulomas, already palpable during autopsy and leading to pulmonary granulomatosis with multiple granulomas are less frequent. We report the case of a 32-year old man, dying suddenly and unexpectedly after a well-known history of drug abuse for more than a decade. The granulomas are caused by foreign particle embolization immediately after intravenous injection of not only the drug itself but also of adulterants, e.g. cotton fibers, potato starch or microcrystalline cellulose. At the end, a reduction in the size of the pulmonary bed had occurred followed by pulmonary hypertension. For the first time, lung dust in such a case was characterised by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).


International Journal of Legal Medicine | 2010

Superimposition technique for skull identification with Afloat® software

C. G. Birngruber; Kerstin Kreutz; F. Ramsthaler; Jonathan Krähahn; M.A. Verhoff

The craniofacial superimposition technique is still an important way of identifying skulls when there is no reference sample for a forensic DNA analysis, when DNA typing from remaining tissue samples has failed, or when antemortem dental records are not available. Through the widespread use of digital photography, the probability of portrait photographs of the missing person being available for comparison is reasonably high. We present a superimposition technique that is inexpensive, since it uses a free software tool compatible with the soft-and hardware components already being used in many facilities. Into the bargain, this technique yields high-quality results.


Rechtsmedizin | 2009

Digitale forensische Fotodokumentation

M.A. Verhoff; Axel Gehl; M. Kettner; K. Kreutz; F. Ramsthaler

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Fotografie hat die analoge Fotografie in Rechtsmedizin und Kriminaltechnik genauso wie im Privatleben nahezu vollständig abgelöst. Die neue Technik bringt zweifellos zahlreiche Vorteile. Die scheinbare Einfachheit hat jedoch dazu geführt, dass die forensische Fotodokumentation nicht mehr von hauptberuflichen Fotografen durchgeführt wird, sondern beispielsweise von den Sachbearbeitern der Kriminalpolizei oder den in der Rechtsmedizin tätigen Ärzten. Die Erfahrung hat gezeigt, dass es im professionellen Einsatz nicht ausreicht, sich auf die Automatikfunktionen der Kamera zu verlassen, ohne diese zu hinterfragen.AbstractJust as in private life, digital photography has almost completely replaced the use of analog photography in forensic medicine and the forensic sciences. This new technology undoubtedly offers numerous advantages. However, the apparent ease with which it can be used has led to forensic photographs no longer being taken by professional photographers butby police officers or forensic pathologists. Experience has shown that in a professional context it does not suffice to unquestioningly rely on the automatic functions of a digital camera.


Rechtsmedizin | 2007

Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Forensisch-pädiatrische Diagnostik der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin:

M.A. Verhoff; H. W. Schutz; Frank Heidorn; M. Riße; Reinhard Dettmeyer; T. Bajanowski

ZusammenfassungRegelmäßige weiterführende Untersuchungen im Anschluss an die makroskopische Obduktion von Neugeborenen, Säuglingen oder Kleinkindern sind histologische Untersuchungen sowie toxikologische Analysen mit Blutalkoholbestimmung. DNA-Analysen können im Hinblick auf Täternachweis oder Abstammungsbegutachtung, aber auch als molekulargenetische Untersuchungen auf Erbkrankheiten durchgeführt werden. Außerdem kann der Nachweis einer Stoffwechselstörung aus dem Blut eine Rolle spielen. In seltenen Fällen kann die Forensische Entomologie Relevanz erlangen. Für diese Untersuchungsaufgaben ist die geeignete Asservierung repräsentativer Proben eine zwingende Voraussetzung. Bei Kindern stehen Körperflüssigkeiten oft nur in begrenztem Maße zur Verfügung. Deshalb kann die gleichzeitige Asservierung mehrerer alternativer Proben notwendig sein. Insbesondere bei komplexen Fragestellungen mit unterschiedlichen Untersuchungsanforderungen ist der Einsatz des begrenzten Untersuchungsmaterials unter möglicher Abwägung der Prioritäten als Aufgabe des Rechtsmediziners anzusehen.AbstractFurther regular tests following the macroscopic autopsy of newborns, infants and toddlers are histological examinations as well as toxicological analyses, including a blood alcohol determination. DNA-analyses can be performed with regard to identify a perpetrator or establish genetic relationships, as well as for molecular genetic investigations of hereditary disease. Evidence for a metabolic disorder from blood can also be relevant. In rare cases, forensic entomology can gain importance. The proper storage of representative samples is an essential prerequisite for these examinations. Body fluids are often only available in limited amounts from children. For this reason, a concomitant storage of several alternative samples may be necessary. Particularly in cases with complex questions and diverse testing needs, the use of these limited samples, along with a possible weighing of priorities, must be left to the discretion of the medical examiner.


Science & Justice | 2014

Estimation of legal age using calcification stages of third molars in living individuals

Philipp Streckbein; Isabelle Reichert; M.A. Verhoff; Rolf-Hasso Bödeker; Christopher Kähling; Jan-Falco Wilbrand; Heidrun Schaaf; Hans-Peter Howaldt; Andreas May

The increased number of adolescents and young adults with unknown or inaccurately given date of birth is a current issue in justice and legal medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which third molar calcification stages assessed on panoramic X-rays could be useful as additional criteria for forensic age estimation in living individuals, focusing on the legally important ages 17 and 18. In a retrospective multi-center study, the developmental stage of each individuals third molar was analyzed using Demirjians scale in 2360 cases. Additionally, sex, age and ancestry were assessed. Individuals with the lowest calcification stage of all present molars in stage H were ≥18 years with a likelihood of ≥99.05% in the female (n=388), and ≥99.24% in the male (n=482) population. The lowest calcification stage of all present third molars proved to be useful as an additional reliable criterion for the determination of an age ≥18 years.


Rechtsmedizin | 2009

Der Mörder ist immer der Gärtner

M. Riße; B. Busch; R. Dettmeyer; M.A. Verhoff

ZusammenfassungEs wird von einem Fall berichtet, bei dem eine zunächst unbekannte Person mit einer vermeintlichen Schussverletzung in der rechten Schläfenregion tot aufgefunden wurde. Es stellte sich jedoch heraus, dass diese Wunde im Rahmen einer tödlichen, akzidentellen intrakraniellen Pfählung durch Sturz auf den frisch geschnittenen Ast eines Busches entstanden war. Von der Auffindesituation war abzuleiten, dass die Handlungsfähigkeit des Opfers nach dieser schweren Verletzung für einen begrenzten Zeitraum erhalten gewesen sein muss.AbstractA case is reported in which an initially unidentified person was found dead with a presumptive gunshot wound to the right temple region. It later transpired that this wound was caused by a fatal, accidental, intracranial impalement by a freshly cut branch of a bush. From the position in which the body was found it could be deduced that the person still retained the capacity to act for a limited period of time after having sustained the severe injury.


Rechtsmedizin | 2009

Ärztliche Leichenschau in Deutschland

R. Dettmeyer; M.A. Verhoff

Ein Beitrag zu den Rechtsgrundlagen der Leichenschau in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist eine Herausforderung: Es gibt 16 Bestattungsgesetze, zusätzlich in einigen Bundesländern Durchführungsverordnungen (. Tab. 1). Dazu kommen im Detail unterschiedliche Todesbescheinigungen bzw. Leichenschauscheine, auf die einige Gesetzgeber als Anlage zum Gesetz Bezug nehmen. Eine Reihe von Gesetzen enthält gleichzeitig Regelungen zum Obduktionsrecht; in einzelnen Bundesländern existieren zwei Gesetzeswerke, eines zum Leichen-, Friedhofsund Bestattungswesen und ein zweites zum Obduktionsrecht, das dann aber nur teilweise geregelt ist. Hinzu kommen Regelungen zur Leichenschau in anderen Gesetzen, z. B. der Strafprozessordnung (StPO), und in den Richtlinien für das Strafverfahren und Bußgeldverfahren (RiStBV). Schließlich sind die Regelungen zur sog. zweiten Leichenschau, der Kremationsleichenschau, uneinheitlich. Grundzüge und eine Reihe von einzelnen Fragen sollen hier dargestellt werden, vom „Begriff des Leichnams“ über z. B. Vorgaben zur „Durchführung der Leichenschau“ bis zu den Regelungen der „Kremationsleichenschau“.


Rechtsmedizin | 2013

Forensische Anthropologie im 21. Jahrhundert

M.A. Verhoff; K. Kreutz; E. Jopp; M. Kettner

ZusammenfassungDie forensische Anthropologie ist ein traditionell interdisziplinär ausgerichtetes Fachgebiet mit einem im internationalen Vergleich differierenden Aufgabenspektrum. In der durchgeführten Bestandsaufnahme wird deutlich, dass die forensische Osteologie mit ihren Facetten das Kerngebiet darstellt. Neben der biologischen Anthropologie kommt in Deutschland der Rechtsmedizin eine wichtige Aufgabe in der Wahrung dieser Kernkompetenzen und der Ausbildung des Nachwuchses zu. Geopolitische Veränderungen mit überregionalem Terrorismus, Bürgerkriegen, Klimakonflikten und anhaltenden Migrationsbewegungen haben zu einer Veränderung des Aufgabenspektrums der forensischen Anthropologie beigetragen. Technische Neuerungen wie moderne radiologische Verfahren, Radioisotopentechniken oder die forensische DNA-Analyse haben zahlreiche neue Möglichkeiten des Fachs eröffnet.AbstractForensic anthropology is by tradition an interdisciplinary field that subsumes a different range of competencies in different countries. This study which was designed to take stock of the field revealed forensic osteology with its many facets to be a central competency. In Germany medicolegal departments play an important role next to biological anthropology departments in maintaining this core competency and in educating the next generation of specialists. Geopolitical shifts with supraregional terrorism, civil wars, climate conflicts and persisting migration trends have contributed to changing the spectrum of tasks specific to forensic anthropology. In addition technical innovations, such as modern radiological procedures, radioisotopic techniques and forensic DNA analysis have opened up numerous new possibilities in the field.

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F. Ramsthaler

Goethe University Frankfurt

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M. Riße

University of Giessen

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Axel Gehl

University of Hamburg

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I. Burkholder

HTW Berlin - University of Applied Sciences

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B. Busch

University of Giessen

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