Márcia de Moraes Echer

Métodos de produção de mudas, distribuição de matéria seca e produtividade de plantas beterraba

ABSTRACT Seedlings production and yield of beet plants Different methods of beet seedling production were evaluatedby distributing dry matter on the plants. The experimental designwas of randomized blocks with four replications and six treatments:T1 - seedlings produced in trays of 288 cells (1.2 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T2 -200 cells (1.6 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T3 - 128 cells (3.2 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T4 - 128 cells(7.2 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T5 - direct sowing and T6 - bare-root seedlings. Theseedlings produced in trays and the bare-root seedlings weretransplanted to the field on the 28 th day after the sowing (DAS), withspacing of 0.20 x 0.10m. Four plants from each treatment weresampled at weekly intervals from the 28 th until the 98 th DAS. Thenumber of leaves and dry matter content of leaves, petioles, rootsand shoots were determined. Storage root fresh matter and mediumstorage root diameter were determined starting from the 77 th DAS.On the 98 th DAS 20 plants from each treatment were harvestedestimating the productivity in kg ha

Avaliação de genótipos de Capsicum para resistência ao ácaro branco

Fifteen Capsicum accessions from the Vegetable Crops Germplasm Bank from the Universidade Federal de Vicosa (Brazil), one hybrid and four pepper cultivars were evaluated in greenhouse for resistance to the broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus). The experiment was set in a completely randomized (split plot in time) design with six replicates per genotype. Evaluations were performed either by counting the number of adult mites present on leaf samples weekly collected or by a grading scale related to symptom severity on infested plants. Symptoms assessment was shown to be more suitable for separating genotypes in resistant or susceptible to the mite. The accessions BGH/UFV 1774 (C. annuum) and BGH/UFV 5086 (C. frutescens) were respectively ranked as resistant and highly resistant to P. latus under severe testing conditions.

Plant density and nitrogen fertilization in Swiss chard

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen fertilization on Swiss chards yield, from September to November 2009. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in split plot with four replications. In the plots were allocated the two plant spacings (0.30 and 0.50 m) and in the subplots the five doses of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1). The crop was harvested 90 days after transplanting. The plant spacing of 0.50 m provided increased production of total fresh weight of shoot (961.7 g plant-1) and marketable (873.1 g plant-1). However, the highest total yield (77.8 t ha-1) and marketable (64.5 t ha-1) was achieved with the smaller spacing between plants (0.30 m). The N rates applied in coverage until 160 kg ha-1 increased in a linear form the total and marketable production of fresh mass of shoots, the total and marketable yield, the N content and the N accumulation in the shoots of Swiss chard plants on the evaluated plant spacings.

Produção e qualidade de três tipos de melão, variando o número de frutos por planta

O melao (Cucumis melo L.) tem grande importância para a economia nacional, fazendo-se necessario o conhecimento sobre as praticas de manejo adequadas, de modo a facilitar a conducao de sua cultura, sem comprometer a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisico-quimica e a produtividade de tres tipos de melao, conduzidos com um e dois frutos por planta. O experimento foi realizado de setembro a dezembro de 2013, no Setor de Cultivo Protegido, da Unioeste, Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, com seis repeticoes. No primeiro fator, foram alocados os tipos de melao (Amarelo, Rendilhado e Pele de Sapo) e, no segundo, o numero de frutos (um e dois frutos por planta). Os frutos foram avaliados quanto a massa media, aos diâmetros transversal e longitudinal do fruto e do loculo, a espessura da polpa, ao indice de formato do fruto e do loculo, aos solidos soluveis, ao pH, a acidez titulavel, a firmeza, a ratio e a produtividade. Frutos obtidos de plantas conduzidas com um e dois frutos apresentam maior massa media e maior produtividade, respectivamente. Meloes do tipo pele de sapo apresentaram maior massa media de fruto e maior produtividade. A ratio foi influenciada pelo numero de frutos mantidos por planta, para melao do tipo amarelo. Melao do tipo rendilhado apresentou reducao de acidez, em comparacao com a dos demais tipos, independentemente do numero de frutos por planta. A maior espessura da polpa foi encontrada em frutos de plantas conduzidas com um fruto por planta. Os indices de formato do fruto e do loculo nao foram influenciados pelo numero de frutos por planta. Independentemente do numero de frutos e do tipo de melao, o teor de solidos soluveis foi superior ao minimo recomendado para comercializacao.

Trocas gasosas e produtividade de três cultivares de meloeiro conduzidas com um e dois frutos por planta

The objective of the present work was to evaluate gas exchange and its influence on productivity and quality of melon cultivars conducted with one and two fruits per plant. The experiment was conducted from September to December, 2013. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in factorial design 3 x 2 with six replications. In the first factor were allocated the melon cultivars, belonging to types canary melon, net melon and frog skin melon; and the second factor was the conduction of plants with one and two fruits per plant. Three melon cultivars were used for each type. The evaluations were performed at 40 and 56 days after transplanting. The characteristics evaluated were: CO 2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration (E), stomatic conductance (gs), the internal CO 2 concentration (Ci). From these measurements was calculated water use efficiency (EUA). The soluble solids content was determined by direct reading, while the average fruit weight was measured at harvest, estimating productivity. With the results, it can be concluded that differences in gas exchange indexes to cultivars of frog skin melon type have no influence on productivity and soluble solids content. To cultivars of canary melon and net melon types is recommended the Goldex and Louis cultivars respectively. Independent of cultivar is recommended cultivation with two fruits per plant, because its higher productivity and did not change the indices of gas exchange in plants.

Cultivo do tomateiro sob diferentes espaçamentos entre plantas e diferentes níveis de desfolha das folhas basais

This work aimed to study the influence of plant spacing and level of basal leaves defoliation on yield characteristics of tomato. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a factorial 2x4 with five replications. Two spacings (0.30 and 0.50 m) and four levels of defoliation (0, 50% and 100% of basal leaves removed after fruiting the first cluster and 100% of basal leaves removed after harvest of the first cluster). It was evaluated the number of normal, defective and total fruits per cluster, mass of normal, defective and total fruits per cluster, longitudinal and transversal diameter of the normal fruits; and productivity of normal and total fruits per cluster. Removing the basal leaves is favorable for production, when there is a higher plant density, and must be performed before the formation of the first cluster. For more spaced plants the basal leaves influenced these characteristics, not being favorable their removal during the formation of the first cluster, but after sampling this. Defoliation is a practice that can be used to increase aeration, improving the utilization of solar radiation and reduce pest problems.

Análise de crescimento e produtividade do pak choi cultivado sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia de diferentes doses de nitrogenio no crescimento e produtividade do pak choi. O experimento foi conduzido, em cultivo protegido, de outubro a novembro de 2007, em Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0, 60, 105, 150 e 195 kg ha-1 de N) e quatro repeticoes. O nitrogenio foi aplicado em tres diferentes epocas (transplantio, 7 e 14 dias apos o transplantio). Foram realizadas cinco coletas das plantas, semanalmente, avaliando-se a producao de massa da materia seca e area foliar, para obtencao das taxas de crescimento absoluto e relativo, taxa assimilatoria liquida, razao de area foliar e area foliar especifica. Na colheita, foram avaliados altura da planta, diâmetro e materia fresca da parte aerea e produtividade. Incrementos na adubacao nitrogenada ate a dose de 195 kg ha-1 proporcionam incrementos no crescimento e produtividade do pak choi.

Productivity and Qualitative Characteristics of Varieties of Beets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, biometric and productivity of beet cultivars. The experiment was conducted in random blocks with four repetition. The treatments were six beet cultivars: Maravilha, Merlot, Kestrel, Itapua 202, Chata do Egito and Tall Top Early Wonder. These cultivars were evaluated for plant height, leaf number, diameter and length of root, average mass of root and fresh weight of shoot, the root shape index, productivity, the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, pH and anthocyanin content. The highest average root masses and productivity were observed for the cultivars Maravilha e Tall Top Early Wonder, being similar to Itapua 202 cultivars and the Boring Egypt. For quality characteristics there was no difference between cultivars for the soluble solids and pH, this was not the same behavior for titratable acidity and ratio. The highest anthocyanin content were observed in cultivars Merlot, Kestrel and Chata do Egito. The cultivars Chata do Egito presented the best productivity and quality characteristics, for the factors and elements of the elapsed year climate.

Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.