B.M. Sousa

Parâmetros de degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca e da proteína bruta das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), com e sem tanino no grão, avaliados pela técnica in situ

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of tannin on grain over potential degradability parameters of the dry matter and crude protein of six sorghum silage genotypes by in situ technique. It was used four crossbred steers, canulated in rumen, fed ad libitum twice at day with a diet comprised by Cynodon dactylon hay. Six sorghum silage genotypes, harvested at milk stage, were incubated in the rumen: BR 303, BR 304, BR 601, and AG 2006 (without tannin on grain); BR 700, and BR 701 (with tannin on grain). Five grams of samples were incubated at times: 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The time zero (t0) was used to calculate the soluble fraction. Tannin decrease the extent of degradation of dry matter and crude protein of BR 700 and BR 701 sorghum silages. The potential degradabilities of these nutrients were reduced by tannin presence on grain. There was not effect of tannin on degradation rate of the nutrient compounds in anyone tested sorghum silage.

Degradabilidade in situ da silagem de quatro genótipos de sorgo com e sem tanino: II - Fibra detergente neutro, fibra detergente ácido, hemicelulose e celulose

The in situ procedure was used to evaluate the disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicelulose and celulose of four sorghum genotypes with (CMS XS 210 and BR 701) or without (CMS XS 214 and BR 007) tannin in a completely randomized block design experiment with three replicates (animals), in a split plot arrangement. The four genotypes were allotted to the plots and the time of disappearance to the split plot. The BR 701 showed higher NDF and ADF degradation up to 24h of incubation and hemicelulose up to 48h, been the values similar after those times. No differences concerning the disappearance values of cellulose among genotypes and times were observed.

Degradabilidade in situ da silagem de quatro genótipos de sorgo com e sem tanino: I - Matéria seca e proteína bruta

The in situ procedure was used to evaluate the disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of four sorghum genotypes with (CMS XS 210 and BR 701) or without (CMS XS 214 and BR 007) tannin in a completely randomized block design experiment with three replicates (animals), in a split plot arrangement. The four genotypes were allotted to the plots and the time of disappearance to the split plot. The DM of CMS XS210 was less degraded when compared to the others and sorghums with tannin showed lower CP degradability when compared to the sorghums without tannin.

Efeito do tanino na degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da proteína bruta de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench) ensilados no estádio de gräo pastoso

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tannin on in situ degradability parameters of the dry matter and crude protein of six sorghum silage genotypes, harvested in the dough stage of maturation. Four steers canulated in the rumen were fed twice a day, ad libitum, with Cynodon dactylon hay. The sorghum silage genotypes were: BR 303, BR 304, BR 601 e AG 2006 (without tannin in grain) and BR 700 e BR 701 (with tannin in grain). Five grams of each sample were introduced into nylon bags, and incubated for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The time zero (t0) was used to calculate soluble fraction. No effects of tannin in grain on mean disappearance of dry matter and on crude protein at 96 hours of incubation were observed. The tannin in grain was capable to decrease the potential degradability of dry matter on sorghum silages BR 700 and BR 701, harvested at dough stage. There was not negative effect of tannin in silages of BR 700 and BR 701 on the parameters of potential degradability and degradation rate of the crude protein.

Degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da proteína bruta das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), com e sem tanino no grão, ensilados no estádio de grão farináceo

Este experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o valor nutricional (materia seca e proteina bruta) de seis genotipos de sorgo para silagem, com e sem tanino no grao, colhidos no estadio de grao farinaceo, utilizando a tecnica da degradabilidade in situ. Seis silagens de genotipos de sorgo foram utilizadas: BR 303, BR 304, BR 601 e AG 2006 (sem tanino no grao) e BR 700 e BR 701 (com tanino no grao). Quatro bovinos machos, canulados no rumen foram utilizados. Os tempos de incubacao foram: 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Utilizou-se o tempo zero (t0) para calculo da solubilidade das silagens. A silagem do sorgo BR 304 apresentou os melhores resultados para a media de desaparecimento da MS e da PB as 96 horas de incubacao, seguida pela do AG 2006. O tanino presente nos graos dos genotipos BR 700 e BR 701 ensilados no estadio de grao farinaceo, nao respondeu por nenhum efeito depressivo sobre os parâmetros estudados de degradacao da materia seca e da proteina bruta.

Degradabilidade ruminal da fibra das frações do resíduo industrial de tomate

The in situ procedure was used to evaluate the disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of skins and whole or grounded (sieve of 2mm) seeds of tomato by-product (TBP). Three steers were used in a split-plot block design. The solubility of NDF showed low values for all the evaluated fractions, been similar among skins (3%), whole seeds (5%) and total TBP (7%). Grounded seeds showed higher NDF solubility (20%). The NDF potential degradability for grounded seeds, TBP, skins and whole seed were 78, 64, 63 and 33%, respectively. NDF degradability rates varied from 4.4 to 14.8%/h for all TBP fractions, been 9%/h for total TBP. The ADF parameters followed the same trend as NDF. TBP NDF and ADF showed good degradability rates, but the potential degradability of these fractions depends on the showed processing, since whole seeds NDF and ADF showed degradability much lower than grounded seeds.

Consumo voluntário e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, energia e parede celular das silagens de quatro genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annus)

O valor nutricional de silagens de quatro genotipos de girassol (Rumbosol 91, M734, C11 e S430) foi avaliado a partir do consumo voluntario e da digestibilidade aparente da materia seca, da materia orgânica, da energia e dos componentes da parede celular. Vinte carneiros adultos foram alojados em gaiolas metabolicas, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repeticoes. Nao foram observadas diferencas para consumo de materia seca, materia orgânica, energia digestivel e metabolizavel e dos componentes fibrosos entre os genotipos de girassol. A digestibilidade aparente da materia orgânica foi superior para os genotipos R91, M734 e S430, no entanto nao influenciou o consumo de materia orgânica digestivel. As silagens de girassol foram classificadas como alimento volumoso de boa qualidade, uma vez que o consumo de materia seca foi acima dos requisitos recomendados para mantenca animal, 63,6; 69,6; 50,2 e 74,5g MS/kg0,75/dia para R91, M734, C11 e S430, respectivamente. O baixo coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente medio da FDN (32,3%) e da FDA (28,7%) foi consequencia da baixa qualidade dos constituintes da parede celular das silagens de girassol utilizadas.

Estimativa de consumo de matéria seca e de fibra em detergente neutro por vacas leiteiras sob pastejo, suplementadas com diferentes quantidades de alimento concentrado

The intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by crossbred lactating cows were estimated under Brachiaria grazing. Twenty-four cows were allotted in three treatments in order to receive 4, 6, or 8kg of concentrate twice a day, during the milking. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, being eight blocks with three cows in each. The intake of NDF was 1.1, 1.0, and 1.2 of live weight for cows fed 4, 6, and 8kg of concentrate per day, respectively. The 8kg concentrate treatment produced different results (P<0.05) from the others. The increase of concentrate supply also increased (P<0.05) the total consumption of pasture dry matter, which were 1.8, 1.8, and 2.0% of live weight for cows supplemented with 4, 6, and 8kg of concentrate per day, respectively. It was concluded that high level of concentrate offered to lactating cows under tropical grazing induced a greater intake of total pasture dry matter and NDF, regarding the live weight.