Marco Aurélio Delmondes Bomfim

An early fish oil-enriched diet reverses biochemical, liver and adipose tissue alterations in male offspring from maternal protein restriction in mice

Fetal programming is linked to adulthood metabolic and chronic diseases. We hypothesized that early fish oil (FO) intake would revert the programming responses in adult offspring. Pregnant mice were fed either standard chow (SC) or a low-protein diet (LP) throughout pregnancy/lactation. At weaning, the following groups were formed: SC and SC-FO, LP and LP-FO, which were fed SC or SC+FO, respectively. The LP offspring are predisposed to becoming fat, hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic. In addition, during adulthood, they become hypertensive with hepatic steatosis and have a high level of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1). However, LP offspring that were fed an FO-enriched diet have decreased body mass (BM) gain and lower final BM. In addition, with this diet, these mice have improved lipid metabolism with a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglyceride (TG) levels, reduced fat pad masses and reduced adipocyte size. Furthermore, these LP offspring show reduced liver structural damage of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver steatosis with low SREBP-1 protein expression and high peroxisome proliferator activity receptor-alpha expression, and improvement of blood pressure (BP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha level. Early fish oil intake has beneficial effects on the programming responses that control body fat pad, glucose and lipid metabolism, and liver and adipose tissue structure in adult programmed offspring.

Produção e composição química do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó sob suplementação com óleo de licuri ou de mamona

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusao de oleos de licuri ou de mamona na dieta sobre a producao, a composicao quimica do leite de cabras leiteiras e a viabilidade economica dessas dietas. No delineamento experimental foram utilizadas cabras Mesticas Moxoto distribuidas em quadrado latino 5 × 5 com duas repeticoes, composto de cinco dietas: uma controle, sem lipidio suplementar, e as demais com 3% ou 5% de oleo de licuri ou de mamona. A suplementacao com 5% de oleo de licuri reduziu a producao de leite, mas nao influenciou a producao de leite corrigida para 4% de gordura. A adicao de 3% de oleo de mamona reduziu o teor de gordura e de solidos totais em comparacao ao oleo de licuri, aumentando o teor de lactose. O teor de proteina do leite, no entanto, nao foi alterado pela adicao de oleo na dieta. Os indicadores economicos apontaram a dieta controle como a mais rentavel, no entanto, a suplementacao com 3% de oleo de licuri, em comparacao ao de mamona, pode ser interessante quando o leite se destina ao processamento, em virtude do maior teor de gordura.

Características físico-químicas e perfil lipídico do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com óleo de semente de algodão ou de girassol

The effects of cottonseed and sunflower oil supplementation on milk composition were tested using crossbred Moxoto goats. Experimental diets were as follows: control, without addition of oil; addition of 3% cottonseed oil; 5% cottonseed oil; 3% sunflower oil and 5% sunflower oil (%DM). Ten confined lactating goats were allotted to a double Latin square experimental design (5 × 5). Each period was comprised by 12 days of adaptation to the diet and three days of sampling in each period. Cottonseed oil supplementation at 5 %DM increased the fat content (4.99%) and the total solid (13.48%) of milk. However, the addition of sunflower oil at 5% promoted an increase in the linolenic acid (C18:3) concentrations. Therefore, the vegetal oil addition in diets for native goats promoted an increase in the percentage of milk fat and in unsaturated fatty acid contents in milk, resulting in a product of better quality for the human health.

Resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba como fonte de volumoso para a terminação de ovinos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ammonization with different levels of urea and the use of soybean grains as a urease source, for the improving of the chemical composition of carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) agroindustrial residue (BC). The levels of urea were 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in relation to the percentage of total dry matter of BC and the levels of toasted soybean grains were 0 and 20%. Evaluations were also made for forage intake and performance of confined sheep subjected to diets with increasing levels of replacement of Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.) hay (FT) by BC: 100% FT, 25% BC plus 75% FT, 50% BC plus 50% FT, 75% BC plus 25% FT, and 100% BC. Thirty crossbred 80-day old weaned sheep with 17 kg initial average weight were used. Crude protein in the forage increased with the increasing doses of urea. Increases were also observed for neutral detergent fiber and cellulose contents and reductions were observed for roughage digestibility. The highest daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract and neutral detergent fiber were observed in animals fed only FT. Animal performance decreased with increase of BC in the diet.

Fatty Acid Profile of Cheese from Dairy Goats Fed a Diet Enriched with Castor, Sesame and Faveleira Vegetable Oils

The addition of vegetable oils to the diets of dairy goats is an alternative to supplemental feeding during the dry period and improves the lipid profile of milk and by-products. Cheeses were produced using milk from cross bred goats (Saanen × Alpina) fed diets enriched with 4% vegetable oil (faveleira, sesame or castor), the fatty acid profile of cheeses was studied. Supplementation with vegetable oils did not increase the total fat percentage of the cheese (p ≥ 0.05) but did increase the percentage of CLA isomers, long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); in addition, the index of desirable fatty acids (DFA - expressed as the sum of unsaturated fatty acids plus stearic acid) was increased for cheese made from milk from goats fed sesame or faveleira oil. Cheeses may have had increased percentages of cis-9,trans-11-CLA due to the supplementation of animal diets with vegetable oils rich in C18:2, such as faveleira and sesame oils. The fatty acid profile of goat cheese did not change significantly in response to the use of castor oil. Thus, the addition of sesame and faveleira oils to goat diets positively altered the fatty acid profile, which improved the nutritional characteristics of the fat present in goat cheese.

Conjugated linoleic acid in the maternal diet differentially enhances growth and cortical spreading depression in the rat progeny

BACKGROUND Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are fatty acids that are found in the lipids from goat milk, and appear to protect neurons from excitotoxicity. METHODS We investigated in developing rats the effects of a maternal CLA-rich diet (containing 7% lipids from goat milk) on body development and cerebral electrical activity of the progeny from dams receiving the CLA diet during gestation (G), lactation (L) or both periods (G+L). RESULTS Compared to a control group (C) receiving a diet with 7% soybean oil, body weight increased at 14, 21 and 28 days, but not at 35-45 days, in L and G+L groups (P<0.05). No intergroup difference was found on body and brain weights, body length, abdominal and thoracic circumferences, body mass index and abdominal to thoracic circumference ratio at 35-45 days. In contrast, at this later age the CSD velocities of propagation were significantly higher (P<0.05) in L as compared with the C and G group, and in the L+G, as compared with the C, G and L groups, suggesting a long-lasting brain effect. CONCLUSION These data indicate that a maternal CLA-rich diet can differentially influence body weight increment (short-term effect), and CSD propagation (long-term effect) in the progeny, and the lactation is the most critical period for such diet actions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The facilitating effect of the lipids from goat milk on an excitability-related phenomenon in the brain (CSD) can be of clinical relevance, since CSD has been associated to neurological disturbances like migraine and epilepsy.

Consumo, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio em borregos alimentados com torta de dendê em substituição à silagem de capim-elefante

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo voluntario, a digestibilidade aparente e o balanco de nitrogenio em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo torta de dende. A adicao da torta de dende foi avaliada nos niveis 0; 20; 40; 60 e 80% em substituicao a silagem de capim-elefante utilizando-se 20 ovinos machos castrados em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Em todas as formas como foram expressos, o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes apresentou em geral resposta quadratica aos niveis de torta de dende utilizados na dieta. A inclusao de torta de dende nas dietas teve efeito quadratico tambem sobre o balanco de nitrogenio, que aumentou ate o nivel de 45% de adicao desse subproduto e decresceu, devido ao baixo consumo de proteina bruta nos maiores niveis. A torta de dende possui caracteristicas proprias de um alimento volumoso e tem como principal limitacao o baixo consumo alimentar, por isso, seu uso na alimentacao de ovinos deve ser restrito ao nivel maximo de 37,34% da dieta total.

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk from goats supplemented with castor or licuri oil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of castor and licuri palm oils supplemented to milking goats on the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of milk. A double Latin square experimental design (5x5) using 10 confined crossbred Moxotó-Alpine goats was performed according to the following treatments: nonsupplemented (control), 3% castor oil, 5% castor oil, 3% licuri oil, and 5% licuri oil. Oils in each treatment were supplemented in the dry matter. Castor oil supplementation reduced the fat content and increased the lactose and density of milk. Considering the sensory analysis, a lower acceptability was observed for milk from goats supplemented with castor oil. On the other hand, licuri oil supplementation led to higher acceptability scores for flavor and odor of goat milk.

Desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de ovinos em confinamento alimentados com rações contendo torta de mamona destoxificada em substituição ao farelo de soja

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of four substitution levels (0; 33; 67 and 100%) of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake on performance and carcass characteristics of 20 non-castrated male crossbred Morada Nova lambs, with mean body weight of 18.7 kg, in a randomized blocks design with four treatments and five replicates. Performance, carcass weight, carcass yield and relative composition of the commercial cuts were evaluated. The substitution levels of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake had no effect on final live weight or total weight gain in feedlot, but it caused decreasing linear effect on average daily gain and feed conversion ratio was observed. There was no effect of the substitution levels of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake on final body weight, live weight at fasting, empty body weight, hot carcass weight or cold carcass weight. The hot carcass yield was affected by substitution levels; the same behavior was observed for cold carcass yield. Rib weight and yield and shoulders yield had linear decrease of substitution levels of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake, whereas weight and yield of other regions did not present any effect for the substitution levels. Detoxified castor cake can be utilized in levels of up to 67% in substitution of the soybean meal in sheep diets.

Acceleration of reflex maturation and physical development in suckling rats: effects of a maternal diet containing lipids from goat milk

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of lipids from goat milk containing conjugated linoleic acids on body weight and reflex ontogeny of neonatal rats treated during the prenatal and suckling periods. Methods Three groups were studied: soybean oil (S), coconut oil (C), and goat milk lipids (GM). Reflex maturation (palm grasp, righting reflex, cliff avoidance, vibrissae placing, negative geotaxis, auditory startle, and free-fall righting) as well as body weight evolution were recorded during lactation. Results Data demonstrated that the lipids from goat milk accelerated body weight evolution as well as all the reflex maturation investigated (P < 0.05). Discussion The supply of goats milk offered to Wistar rats during pregnancy and lactation provided a variety of fatty acids necessary to accelerate the development of offspring.