Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho

Checagem corporal, atitude alimentar inadequada e insatisfação com a imagem corporal de jovens universitários

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the body-checking, inappropriate eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction in undergraduate students from both sexes. METHODS: Five hundred eighty-seven undergraduate students (311 men) were surveyed. The body-checking behaviours (women - Body Checking Questionnaire; men - Male Body Checking Questionnaire), inappropriate eating attitudes (Eating Attitudes Test-26) and body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire) were evaluated. Body mass and height were self-referred to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Descriptive, inferential and qui-square test (Fisher exact test) statistics were performed using the Statistic 8.0 software and adopting significant level of 5%. RESULTS: Body-checking behaviours are associated with inappropriate eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction in both sexes. Women and men showed differences between the variables evaluated, being higher in women. CONCLUSION: Body-checking is a present and high frequency behaviour in undergraduate students with risk for eating disorders and also with those dissatisfied with their body image.

Insatisfação corporal em gestantes: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

The body image of pregnant women is an issue that should be further investigated by professionals in the area, especially in view of the fact that maternal and infant health has gained such prominence. The scope of this integrative review is to analyze the literature relating to body image and body dissatisfaction among pregnant women. Research was based on articles extracted from the Scopus, PubMed, BVS and PsycINFO databases, by cross-referencing “pregnancy” with the keywords “body image” and “body dissatisfaction.” Once the inclusion and exclusion criteria had been adopted, forty studies were analyzed. These produced inconclusive data about body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Symptoms of depression, low self-esteem, an inadequate approach towards healthy eating and weight gain above recommended limits have been associated with a negative body image. The contradictory findings could be related to the different instruments used to measure body image. In view of the possible impact that a negative body image can have on maternal and infant health during pregnancy, it is recommended that further investigations are made, in particular related to the development of a specific tool to evaluate the body image of pregnant women.

Stunkard Figure Rating Scale for Brazilian men.

PurposeTo evaluate psychometric assessment of Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for Brazilian male population.MethodsThe sample was composed of a control group (94 students) and a clinical group (20 eating disordered patients). Two questionnaires were applied: the FRS and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire-26. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were collected in the control group (self-reported) and clinical group (measured). Body dissatisfaction (BD) was calculated by subtraction of ideal body (IB) from the current body (CB) score. The concurrent validity was assessed through the analysis of the correlation between the CB and BD scores and the BMI and the body weight. The discriminant validity was achieved by measurements of association between the groups studied and the scales CB, IB and BD. Reliability was assessed by the comparison of the score averages at two moments and by the intraclass coefficient correlation.ResultsThe questionnaire had a correlation higher than 0.67 for the measures of weight and BMI. Regarding the CB, IB and BD scores, a significant difference was not observed between the clinical and the control group. There was no difference between the scores for BD at the two moments analyzed.ConclusionsThe FRS is stable and capable of correlating with anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, for this population the questionnaire was unable to distinguish between the two groups analyzed.

Body image in different periods of adolescence

Objetivo: Investigar a imagem corporal em diferentes periodos da adolescencia. Metodos: Estudo transversal com estudantes de dez a 19 anos de escolas da rede publica de municipios de pequeno porte do interior da Zona da Mata Mineira. Aplicaram-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), a Escala de Evaluacion de Insatisfacion Corporal para Adolescentes e a Escala de Silhueta para Adolescentes (ESA). Classificou-se o periodo da adolescencia por meio da idade. A massa corporal e a estatura foram mensuradas para o calculo do indice de massa corporea e do estado nutricional. Os resultados foram avaliados por regressao logistica. Resultados: Participaram 531 adolescentes (318 meninas). A media de idade foi de 15,6±2,2 anos e 84,6% eram eutroficos. A prevalencia de insatisfacao corporal variou de 28,9% (BSQ) a 78,9% (ESA). Individuos com excesso de peso apresentaram maior chance de insatisfacao (BSQ: OR 3,66, p<0,001; ESA: OR 4,108, p<0,001). O mesmo ocorreu para meninas e individuos no periodo inicial da adolescencia (p<0,05). Conclusoes: A prevalencia de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal foi baixa entre os adolescentes das cidades pequenas de Minas Gerais, porem a maioria desejava uma silhueta diferente da atual. Os resultados mostraram maior insatisfacao entre os participantes no periodo inicial da adolescencia, assim como nos do sexo feminino e naqueles com excesso de peso.

Imagem corporal em homens: instrumentos avaliativos

This study aimed to evaluate the available assessment tools of body image in adult males, and to verify the psychometric properties obtained in the process of construction/adaptation of these instruments. Search restricted to the period of 2009-2013 was conducted in the Scopus, Web of Science, BIREME databases and in the theses bank of CAPES, using the keywords: body image, scales, questionnaires, validation and translations. This study found an increase in the number of instruments available for the Brazilian population, as well as a diversification of the populations studied. However, there are few specific instruments for adult males. It is necessary create and adapt new tools that address the complexity of the body image construct.

Avaliação psicométrica do Male Body Checking Questionnaire (MBCQ)

This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Male Body Checking Questionnaire (MBCQ) applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent and discriminant validity, and reliability (intra-class coefficient correlation and Cronbachs alpha). Two hundred and eighty seven Brazilian undergraduate students between 18 and 30 years old were evaluated. The MBCQ showed adequate factor structure with four factors that explain 64.32% of total variance, concurrent validity - significant association with body dissatisfaction (p < .01) and body-checking (r = .51 and .35, respectively), and discriminant validity. The MBCQ also showed good internal consistence (Cronbachs α between .89 and .94) and intra-class correlation coefficient (.87). In conclusion, it is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate body-checking behaviors of Brazilian males.

Conceptual, semantic, and instrumental equivalences: preliminary analysis of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS)

This study aimed to describe the translation into Brazilian Portuguese and the analysis of conceptual, semantic, and instrumental equivalences and assessment of internal consistency of the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). The study included the steps of (1) translation; (2) synthesis of translation; (3) back-translation; (4) review by experts - judges - analysis of the semantic and instrumental equivalences; (5) pre-test - assessment of verbal understanding of the instrument by specialists and male students; (6) analysis of the internal consistency by Cronbachs α coefficient. The MBDS was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese maintaining its original 25 items, showed good verbal comprehension, and had an internal consistency coefficient of 0.92. The scale was translated and adapted with satisfactory results, thus confirming its initial psychometric qualities. The instrument requires further analysis of internal and external validity, and reproducibility.

Imagem corporal, atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima e ansiedade em gestantes de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil

As mudancas vivenciadas pelas gestantes podem impactar negativamente as atitudes corporais e as variaveis associadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influencia das atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima, ansiedade e IMC na imagem corporal de gestantes. Este estudo quantitativo e transversal contou com 386 gestantes de todas as idades gestacionais, entre 18 a 46 anos de idade (media de 29,32 ± 6,04 anos) da cidade de Juiz de Fora-MG. Foram aplicados instrumentos para avaliar atitudes corporais, atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima e ansiedade. Foram coletados dados antropometricos e obstetricos. Realizou-se analises estatisticas descritivas, comparativas e correlacionais. Os achados indicaram correlacoes significativas entre as atitudes corporais e: atitudes alimentares inadequadas (r = 0,478), sintomas depressivos (r = 0,387), baixa autoestima (r = 0,431) e elevado IMC (r = 0,339). Alem disso, essas variaveis juntas exerceram influencia de 41,4% sobre a imagem corporal negativa das gestantes. Assim, recomenda-se a avaliacao e a orientacao nutricional e psicologica a fim de detectar e prevenir psicopatologias, tendo em vista a saude materna e infantil.

Insatisfação corporal e fatores sociodemográficos, antropométricos e maturacionais de atletas de ginástica artística

This study aimed to evaluate the overall body dissatisfaction and in specific areas in adolescents who practice artistic gymnastic in elite and non-elite levels, and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic, anthropometric and maturational factors on body dissatisfaction. The research is characterized as transversal, quantitative, descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 285 adolescents, of both sexes, practicing gymnastics. They were divided into two groups: 245 non-elite athletes and 40 elite athletes. The participants were aged between 10 and 18 years (mean 12.86 ± 1.80) and were resident of the city of Tres Rios-RJ. The assessment instruments were: Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Areas Scale, Criterio de Classificacao Economica Brasil and socio-demographic questionnaire. Anthropometric and somatic maturation data were collected. The results showed that 24.9% of the non-elite athletes and 15% of elite athletes were dissatisfied with their body as a whole. For specific body areas, nonelite athletes were significantly more dissatisfied with their body area “weight” than the elite athletes. Sociodemographic and economic factors had no influence on overall body dissatisfaction. For non-elite athletes, only the body percentage of fat and somatic maturation were predictors for the overall body dissatisfaction and in specific areas, respectively. It was concluded that the non-elite athletes were more dissatisfied with their body and weight than the elite athletes.

Imagem corporal de gestantes: um estudo longitudinal

Objetivos Comparar atitudes corporais, atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima, ansiedade e indice de massa corporal (IMC) de gestantes em diferentes momentos ao longo da gestacao, bem como verificar a influencia que as variaveis estudadas exercem sobre as atitudes corporais no primeiro, segundo e terceiro trimestre gestacional. Metodos Foram incluidas 17 gestantes que frequentavam o exame pre-natal na cidade de Juiz de Fora-MG, entre 22 e 41 anos de idade (media de 30,76 ± 5,65 anos), excluindo-se aquelas com dados incompletos. Como instrumentos de avaliacao utilizaram-se: Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test-26, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, a versao curta do Brazilian State-Trait Anxiety Inventory e o questionario sociodemografico. Ademais, foram coletados dados antropometricos e obstetricos. Foram realizadas analises estatisticas descritivas, comparativas e correlacionais. Resultados O IMC, as atitudes corporais negativas e a subescala “sentimento de gordura” aumentaram progressivamente ao longo da gestacao (p 0,05). Alem disso, o IMC explicou 31% da variância das atitudes direcionadas ao corpo no primeiro trimestre, enquanto as atitudes alimentares foram responsaveis por 30% e 46% das atitudes corporais no segundo e terceiro trimestre, respectivamente. Conclusoes As atitudes corporais, as atitudes alimentares, os sintomas depressivos, a autoestima e a ansiedade mantiveram-se constantes ao longo da gestacao. O IMC e as atitudes alimentares influenciaram a imagem corporal em gestantes. Sugere-se a criacao de instrumentos especificos a fim de um melhor entendimento das preocupacoes relacionadas ao corpo de gestantes.