María Elisa Moreno Fergusson

Validez y confiabilidad de la versión en español del instrumento "Escala de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación" de Callista Roy

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar, mediante una investigacion metodologica, la validez facial y la confiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad) de la version en espanol del instrumento Escala de Medicion del Proceso de Afrontamiento y Adaptacion (ESCAPS) de Callista Roy, con el fin de evaluar su comportamiento y dominio. La escala, denominada en ingles Coping Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS), fue disenada por Callista Roy en el ano 2004 (1), con el fin de identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento y adaptacion que la persona utiliza para hacer frente a situaciones dificiles o criticas. Esta integrada por 47 items agrupados en cinco factores, con una calificacion Likert de cuatro puntos Para establecer la validez facial se utilizaron dos metodos; el primero correspondio a un panel de expertos, quienes evaluaron el instrumento considerando tres criterios de calificacion: claridad, precision, comprension; al respecto se encontro que 45 (96%) del total de los 47 items del instrumento cumplieron estos criterios. El segundo correspondio a cinco sujetos de estudio quienes evaluaron el instrumento en su totalidad, determinando su comprension. De esta forma se establecio que el instrumento aparenta tener validez facial. Para establecer la confiabilidad del instrumento, este se aplico a una muestra de 417 sujetos mayores de cincuenta anos, con una funcion mental intacta, procedentes del municipio de Chia y la ciudad de Bogota, durante el periodo comprendido entre agosto de 2005 a marzo de 2006, quienes fueron escogidos mediante un muestreo aleatorio por conveniencia. La confiabilidad se evaluo a traves de la consistencia interna, con un Alta de Cronbach de 0,88, y la estabilidad se midio a traves del coeficiente de correlacion de Spearman (r = 0,94) para el total del instrumento y un Anova con un valor de probabilidad (p=NS) estadisticamente no significativo, confirmando la estabilidad de los puntajes obtenidos a traves del tiempo. Los resultados confirman la validez facial y la confiabilidad de la Escala de Medicion de Proceso de Afrontamiento y adaptacion de Callista Roy, en su version en espanol.

Importancia de los modelos conceptuales y teorías de enfermería: experiencia de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad de La Sabana

From the early years of the XX century, the discipline of Nursing has had an important development, evidenced in post graduate formation, and in the development of conceptual models and nursing theories, as a product of investigative activity. The article highlights the importance of taking these models and theories into practice, as a strategy to strength disciplinary knowledge, with the corresponding repercussions in terms of quality, autonomy and visibility in nursing care. The experience of the application of the Roy Adaptation Model is presented as a frame of reference of the professional foundation subjects at the Nursing School of Universidad de La Sabana, the steps followed for its implementation and the results obtained.

Qué significa la discapacidad

The present study is the first stage of an inter-sectoral and multidisciplinary participative action research project known as “Community Participation for Social Inclusion of Disabled People and Their Families,” addressed towards people in disabled situation and their families living at La Balsa, Municipality of Chia (Colombia). The aim of this project is to analyze and to correlate the meanings surrounding disability that have been built up by the people who go through it, their carers and the supporting community networks, as well as to describe solving alternatives for the social inclusion of disabled people from participants’ proposals.

Body and Corporality in adolescents and young adults with spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE To describe the meaning given by adolescents and young adults to the changes in their bodies and corporality after a spinal cord injury. METHODS Qualitative study based on symbolic interactionism in which 12 adolescents and young adults, who had suffered spinal cord injury 6 months or more before, participated. The information was recollected through a series of in-depth interviews and field journals. The guidelines proposed by Corbin and Strauss were followed for the process of codification and categorization of the data. RESULTS Four categories were identified that describe the meanings given by participants to the changes in their bodies and corporality: Transformation of self-image, living with contradictions in the relationships with others, withstanding the burden of a disability and adapting to the new conditions. CONCLUSION The results allow for the comprehension of the meanings that are given by the people who have suffered a spinal cord lesion to their situation. This will in turn open the possibility of offering these people a better individual nursing care that focuses more on the particular needs, so that both they and their families can be helped on their way to adaptation to the new situation.