Maria Silvia Mariani Pires-de-Campos

The effect of topical caffeine on the morphology of swine hypodermis as measured by ultrasound

Background  Cellulite or lipodystrophy involves the modification of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. A wide variety of topical products is available to combat cellulite, but these have difficulties in being absorbed through the skin. One option is the therapeutic use of the ultrasound to enhance the transdermic transport of these drugs.

Evaluation of the ultrasound influence in the cutaneous penetration of d-panthenol: test in vitro.

Background  d‐panthenol is a popular additive in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. However, in order for this vitamin to provide skin benefits, it must penetrate the stratum corneum.

Efeito do ultrassom e do dexapantenol na organização das fibras colágenas em lesão tegumentar

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of ultrasound (US), dexpanthenol (d-P) and a combination of these treatments (US+d-P) on collagen fiber organization in tegumentary lesions in rats by birefringence analysis. METHODS: Wistar rats (50) were anesthetized (Thionembutal - Sodic = 50mg/Kg), 1cm2 of dorsal region skin was removed, and the animals were divided into five groups: control (C), gel (G), US (3 MHz, 0.1 W/cm2, 1 minute, continuous), d-P (10%) and US+d-P. After daily treatment for 7 and 14 days, 6µm thick sections of lesioned areas were stained in picrosirius and measurements of the collagen birefringent area (µm2) were obtained using polarized light microscopy (Zeiss Axiolab-ZEISS- Germany) with histological image analysis software (KS 400 2.0 - Kontrol Eletronics, Munique, Germany). The means were compared by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The US+d-P group showed a significantly greater (p<0.001) birefringent area (1586.43±162.14) than the other experimental groups: C (139.36±35.35), US (317.55±129.9) and d-P (192.41±3657) by the 7th day of treatment, indicating acceleration of the wound healing process. By the 14th day of treatment, the US+d-P, US and d-P groups presented greater birefringence than the control group, but did not differ from each other. CONCLUSION: The combination of treatments (US+d-P) accelerated collagen fiber synthesis and organization in the early stages of cutaneous repair.

Ultrasound associated with caffeine increases basal and beta-adrenoceptor response in adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue in pigs

Background: The topical use of caffeine has been indicated for the lipodystrophies treatment as it promotes increased lipolysis. Ultrasound (US) is often used in cutaneous diseases, esthetic conditions, and as a skin permeation enhancer. Objective: We investigate the lipolytic response of adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose pigs tissue subjected to treatment with topical application of phonophoresis associated with caffeine. Method: We treated dorsal regions of pigs (Landrace × Large White, 35 days, 15 kg, n = 6) daily for 15 days with gel, gel + US [3 MHz, continuous, 0.2 Wcm2, 1 min/cm2, in total 2 min], gel + caffeine (5%w/w), and gel + caffeine + US. We used a fifth untreated region as control. Twenty-four hours after the last application, we isolated the adipocytes of each treated area and quantified the basal and stimulated lipolytic responses to isoprenaline. The results, in μmol glycerol/106cells/60 min, were analyzed with analysis of variance or ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls test. The value of p < 0.05 was indicative of statistical difference. Results: Only the adipocytes isolated from the area treated with caffeine + US showed increased basal lipolysis (0.76 ± 0.26; p = 0.0276) and maximal isoprenaline stimulation (0.38 ± 0.15, p = 0.0029) compared with the other areas. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that increased lipolysis of caffeine + US is due to an increase in basal and beta-adrenoceptor response by caffeine, and caffeines effect is local, avoiding unwanted effects.

In Vitro Ultrasound Influence on Cutaneous Permeation of Hyaluronidase

In vitro skin permeation of hyaluronidase enzyme and the ultrasound (US) effects on cutaneous permeation of this enzyme were investigated. Diffusion cell technique, porcine skins, buffer solution, and a hydrophilic gel + hyaluronidase (100 TUR/g), were used for study. The experimental groups were: gel + enzyme and gel + enzyme + US. The activity of permeated hyaluronidase was determined by turbydimetric method in spectrophotometer at 400 nm. Gel + enzyme group permitted a diffusion of 26.89 ± 3.82 TUR of hyaluronidase in the total time of 240 minutes. However, the other group did not produce significant differences (p < 0.05) in the same period (13.68 ± 5.35 TUR). Hyaluronidase permeation through the skin was verified; however US did not cause increase of this enzyme permeation.