Maria Teresa Moreno Valdés

Perspectiva da epistemologia histórica e a escola promotora de saúde

This article discusses education, especially school itself, from the philosophical perspective of Gaston Bachelard and Thomas Kuhn, along with some aspects of healthcare. A criticism is made of instrumentalism in school, showing how this model has been exhausted. Recourse is made to the thinking of Bachelard, whereby all knowledge is the result of the painstaking work of investigating reality. The ideas of Kuhn are drawn upon to reflect on the paradigm shift and its meaning in education. Based on these two lines, the design of a desirable school is put forward: inclusive, multiple, pluralist, interactive, systematic, promoting health, perceiving nature as a source of life, and discussing the relationship with the environment from the perspective of bioethics, quality of life and citizenship.

Fenomenologia, humanização e promoção da saúde: uma proposta de articulação

Ensaio sobre as possibilidades de articulacao entre a Fenomenologia, a humanizacao e a promocao da saude. Entende-se por Fenomenologia o estudo da descricao dos fenomenos humanos e seus significados. As pesquisas de referencial fenomenologico na area da saude tem sido fortalecidas nos ultimos anos, motivadas pela necessidade de apreensao dos significados proprios para cada sujeito inserido em sua totalidade cultural e historica, e como critica ao modelo biomedico, estimulando a emergencia de uma Fenomenologia da Saude e uma nova producao do cuidado em saude. Propoe-se o referencial fenomenologico como importante recurso metodologico para a compreensao do processo de humanizacao na atencao e na gestao em saude, pois ele resgata a importância da consciencia intencional, que revela possiveis sentidos e desvela significados existentes nas relacoes e praticas. Consiste, ainda, na possibilidade de atuar na promocao da saude, pela consonância com a perspectiva de integralidade, autonomia e visao ampliada do processo saude - doenca por meio dos seus pressupostos de totalidade do fenomeno, consciencia intencional e etica.

Produção científica sobre promoção da saúde nos cursos de pós-graduação brasileiros

Discutir a promocao de saude no contexto da qualidade de vida dos individuos/coletividade e no meio academico e uma articulacao politica, teorica e metodologica, portanto esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a producao cientifica sobre promocao da saude registrada na Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Capes). Foi realizada uma revisao sistematica no banco de teses da Capes e analisados 678 trabalhos registrados entre 2000 e 2004 e identificadas as categorias curso, ano, regiao brasileira, area de conhecimento e resumo (tipo de estudo e coleta de dados). Constatou-se a predominância do curso de mestrado academico com 531 (78,2%) pesquisas; entre os anos em que foram desenvolvidas as pesquisas sobre promocao da saude, prevaleceu o ano de 2003, com 189 (27,8%) estudos, e entre as regioes brasileiras destacou-se a regiao Sudeste com 411 (60,5%) trabalhos. Na categoria area de conhecimento, preponderou a Saude Coletiva com 138 (16%) pesquisas. No resumo do qual foi extraido o tipo de estudo, destacou-se a pesquisa qualitativa com 200 (29,4%) trabalhos. Conclui-se, portanto, que a producao cientifica na tematica de promocao de saude encontra-se progredindo, pois, no Brasil, a Politica Nacional de Promocao de Saude regularizou-se em 2004, sendo assim uma area em evidencia para atuacao interdisciplinar e descoberta de novas praticas e acoes em saude.

Percepção sobre qualidade de vida de mulheres participantes de oficinas educativas para dor na coluna

The aim of this study was to analyze how women with back pain perceived their quality of life after having attended educational workshops on back pain directed to self-care and prevention. This qualitative study was conducted in a Higher Education Institution in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, during the months April and May 2005, using a sample of nine women who had concluded eight workshops. The focal group method was selected for data collection, and the sessions were filmed and recorded. Data were grouped into categories and sequentially analyzed. All women thought they had a good quality of life, independently of having a poor health, no money and no a job. All this was overcome by their faith in God. All women reported that, before the workshops, the pain had interfered in their daily and social lives and that, after the intervention, the pain had calmed down or disappeared. The awareness of self-care provided physical, intellectual and emotional well being, improved mobility and decision-making and allowed them to return to their activities. Besides, it helped to eliminate or reduce pain medication. The study made us realize the importance of evaluating the quality of life in order to guide us in the choice of the most effective therapeutic measures.

Violência na escola pública: relatos de professores - doi:10.5020/18061230.2010.p34

Objective: To assess the perception of violence from the reports of teachers of elementary and high school in a public state school in Fortaleza, Ceara. Method: A qualitative descriptive study conducted with 26 teachers, in the period from January to May 2006. To collect the data we adopted the following procedures: the discussion on school violence during the meetings of the teacher training week; the reading of the school regulations and the distribution of an instrument with the guiding question about the concept of violence as from the school reality, among the participants of the study. Afterwards, the thematic analysis of the reports was carried out. Results: Through the reports of teachers emerged the following categories: physical aggression, verbal aggression and fights as the most cited; to hide personal belongings, cursing, shoving and disrespect for the teacher and pranks were also mentioned. Conclusion: From the reports it appears that violence is perceived in physical, dimension moral and symbolic, and these “typologies” corroborate the descriptions found in literature as bullying or incivility, which dominate the school context.

Rede de apoio social ao familiar cuidador de pessoa com atrofia muscular espinhal I e II - doi:10.5020/18061230.2010.p126

Objective: To assess the formal and informal support given to the family caregiver of a patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy I and II. Method: This was a study with a qualitative approach developed in 2008 in the homes of informants and in the premises of the Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin in Fortaleza, Ceara, conducted with 13 mothers, primary caregivers for their ill children. For data collection we used both the interview and the instrument generator of the names and qualifier of the relations, adapted for this study. Quantitative data were processed using the programs UCINET NetDraw 6.123 and 2.38, while the qualitative data were organized based on the technique of the Collective Subject Discourse. The analyses were conducted by means of network maps and collective discourses raised by central ideas. Results: The formal social network of family caregivers was composed of 72 actors, among professionals in the areas of health, education and others, linked to 12 institutions. The informal network was comprised of 83 actors. It was found that the management of care, even when the caregiver has support from other people is a cause of stress and overload. Conclusion: It is evident the importance of applying Social Network Analysis as a tool for understanding structural features and the dynamics of social relations of family caregiver. Of a patient with spinal muscular atrophy. The analysis suggests the need for intervention in the study group as a way to contribute to the recognition and use of existing services, increasing the significance of the help provided by network interactions.