Marina Beléndez

Beliefs about insulin as a predictor of fear of hypoglycaemia

The present study extends previous research by exploring the predictive value of beliefs about insulin therapy in fear of hypoglycaemia (FoH). Data were collected on 81 Spanish adults (aged 18—58 years) with type 1 diabetes. Participants completed a survey questionnaire containing the following measures: state-trait anxiety inventory, beliefs about medicines questionnaire (specific scale), a modified version of the FoH Survey (worry scale) and different questions about demographic and clinical information (duration of diabetes, daily shots of insulin, severe hypoglycaemic episodes, metabolic control). Regression analyses showed that history of severe hypoglycaemic episodes and concerns about insulin therapy had the most predictive influence on FoH. Treatment perceptions, particularly concerns about insulin, were related to reported FoH. However, FoH is a complex phenomenon and more research is needed in order to gain a better understanding of its predictors and correlates.

Assessment of parent- adolescent partnership in diabetes care: a review of measures

Purpose To identify and evaluate psychometric properties of available measures to assess dimensions of parent-adolescent partnership in diabetes care, including parent-adolescent responsibility in diabetes management, parental monitoring, diabetes family conflict, and parental involvement. Methods A literature review that included searches of electronic databases from 1990 to April 2009 was conducted. Instruments were reviewed extracting information about aim, target population, and psychometric properties. Results Eight instruments were identified. Study samples appear to be large enough for psychometric validation but with a small proportion of fathers. The instruments have been designed and evaluated with adolescents and parents in the United States. Most of the instruments have adequate reliability, both for adolescents’ and parents’ forms. Regarding construct validity, factor structure of most of the instruments was evaluated either with exploratory factor analysis or confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, some measures have significant relationships with age in the direction expected or with other outcomes such as adherence or quality of life. Finally, all the reviewed studies are cross-sectional and have not yet addressed predictive validity or instrument responsiveness. Conclusions Valid measures tapping into aspects of diabetes-related adolescent-parent partnership are available, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine if the instruments are able to detect clinically significant change (eg, impact on metabolic control, adherence, quality of life). Rather than develop new measures, refinement and further validation of existing instruments is suggested.

Validation of the Spanish version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-SP) Scale

This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-SP) Scale. Data were collected from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The findings suggested that the PAID-SP is a reliable and valid measure of diabetes-specific emotional problems.