Mariuccia Schlichting de Martin

QUALIDADE DE PERAS ‘ROCHA’ ARMAZENADAS EM ATMOSFERA CONTROLADA

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions and induction of mass loss (IML) on fruit quality of ‘Rocha’ pears. Fruit were harvested in Sao Joaquim, SC, and then stored for eight months and fifteen days at -0.5 ± 0.1 °C and 96±1% RH. The treatments evaluated were air storage (AS; 21.0 kPa O2 + <0.03 kPa CO2), and five controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions: 1.0 kPa O2 + <0.03 kPa CO2; 2.0 kPa O2 + 1.0 kPa CO2; 1.0 kPa O2 + 1.0 kPa CO2; 1.0 kPa O2 + 2.0 kPa CO2; and 1.0 kPa O2 + 2.0 kPa CO2 + 2.6% IML. Air storage provide fruits with yellower skin, lower soluble solids content, lower titratable acidity, and low acceptance in sensory tests for texture and sweetness/acidity. Fruits stored at low CO2 partial pressure (<0.03 kPa) showed higher flesh firmness and higher force required to penetrate the flesh after seven days of shelf life than the other treatments, and the fruit did not develop the buttery texture suitable for consumption. There was no incidence of flesh browning in any storage conditions evaluated. The IML of 2.6% had no effect on fruit quality. The CA conditions of 1.0 kPa O2 + 1.0 kPa CO2 and 1.0 kPa O2 + 2.0 kPa CO2 provided the best quality of ‘Rocha’ pears, allowing normal fruit ripening after long term storage.

Quebra da dormência de macieiras 'Daiane' pelo uso do tidiazurom

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with mineral oil (MO) or calcium nitrate on phenology, bud breaking and fruit production in ‘Daiane’ apple trees. The experiment was carried in Cacador, SC, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. The treatments evaluated were control (without application); TDZ 250 mg L-1 + MO 3,5%; TDZ 125 mg L-1 + MO 3,5%; TDZ 250 mg L-1 + calcium nitrate 5%; hydrogen cyanamide (HC) 0,7% + MO 3,5%. A randomized block design was used, with six repetitions. The application of bud break promoters reduced the flowering period in 2013/2014 season, leading to a higher bud break of axillary buds than control in the two seasons. TDZ + MO was more effective for bud break in axillary buds than the other treatments. TDZ + MO and HC + MO had similar effect on bud break in terminal buds, with higher values than TDZ + calcium nitrate applications. In 2013/2014 season, the control and TDZ 250 mg L-1 + MO and HC + MO treatments showed similar fruit production, being higher when compared to the other treatments. For 2014/2015, the fruit weight was higher in plants submitted to applications of TDZ 250 mg L-1 + MO and HC + MO. The TDZ combined with MO is efficient in bud break induction of ‘Daiane’ apples, being a viable alternative to HC application.

Storage potential of ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples under different storage technologies

This study aimed to evaluate the storage potential of SCS426 Venice apples under different storage technologies. Fruits were harvested in an experimental orchard located in Fraiburgo, SC and stored for up to eight and ten months in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Apples were treated or not with methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and stored under air atmosphere (AA, 0.5±0.5 °C/RH 85±5%) or controlled atmosphere (CA; 1.5 kPa of O2 and 1.5 kPa of CO2 at 0.7±0.5 °C/RH of 93±3%). Fruits were evaluated every two months of storage, after one and seven days of shelf life (23 ± 0.3 °C/RH 93±3%). The storage period of ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples under AA without 1-MCP application should not extend beyond six months. Under this storage condition, fruits had higher incidence of decay, ethylene production and respiratory rates, higher skin degreening, lower flesh firmness, titratable acidity and soluble solids content than fruits stored under CA or AA with 1-MCP. ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples develop flesh browning and superficial scald after longterm storage. ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples under AA treated with 1-MCP or under CA (regardless of 1-MCP application) can be stored for more than eight months, keeping flesh firmness above 14 lb and low incidence of physiological disorders even after ten months of storage.

PERAS ‘ROCHA’ ARMAZENADAS EM ATMOSFERA CONTROLADA COM ULTRABAIXO O2 E COM BAIXO O2 ASSOCIADO A DIFERENTES TEORES DE CO2

The storage of ‘Rocha’ pears under controlled atmosphere (CA) preserves fruit quality for long periods. However, inadequate CA conditions might impair ripening and lead to flesh browning. This research was carried out to assess the effects of CA with ultra-low (ULO), and low O2 (LO) associated with different CO2 levels on ripening and occurrence of flesh browning in ‘Rocha’ pears. Treatments evaluated were: pO2 = 0.5 kPa (ULO) and pCO2 < 0.03 kPa; pO2 = 1.0 kPa (LO) and pCO2 < 0.03 kPa; pO2 = 1.0 kPa and pCO2 = 1.0 kPa; pO2 = 1.0 kPa and pCO2 = 2.0 kPa; and pO2 = 1.0 kPa and pCO2 = 3.0 kPa. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replicates. Fruits were harvested in Vacaria, RS, and stored under five CA conditions during 270 days (-0.5±0.1 oC and relative humidity of 96±2%). Fruits were assessed after CA storage for respiratory rate, ethylene production, skin color, flesh firmness, texture, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), sensory attributes, flesh browning incidence and severity and flesh color. Fruits stored under LO with pCO2 < 0.03 kPa had higher flesh firmness and more yellow skin color than fruits stored under other CA conditions. Sensory attributes, SS and TA of fruits were not affected by CA conditions. Fruit stored under LO with pCO2 = 3.0 kPa had the highest incidence (48%) and severity of flesh browning. The pO2 = 0.5 kPa and pCO2 < 0.03 kPa and pO2 = 1.0 kPa and pCO2 = 1.0 kPa conditions are the most suitable for the CA storage of ‘Rocha’ pears.

MATURITY AND QUALITY OF APPLE FRUIT DURINIG THE HARVEST PERIOD AT APPLE INDUSTRY

1(Paper 104-16). Received August 15, 2016. March 28, 2017. 2 Agronomist, Fischer S/A Agroindústria. Rod. SC 453, km 24, Caixa Postal 131, CEP 89580-000, Fraiburgo-SC. Email: mgoncalves@ fischerfrutas.com 3Agronomist, PhD, Researcher at Estação Experimental de Caçador, EPAGRI. Rua Abílio Franco, 1500, CEP 89500-000, Caçador-SC. Corresponding author. Email: argenta@epagri.sc.gov.br 4 Agronomist, PhD, Researcher at Estação Experimental de Caçador, EPAGRI. Rua Abílio Franco, 1500, CEP 89500-000, CaçadorSC. Email: mariucciamartin@epagri.sc.gov.br MATURITY AND QUALITY OF APPLE FRUIT DURINIG THE HARVEST PERIOD AT APPLE INDUSTRY1

Escurecimento da polpa em pera ‘Rocha’ influenciado pela composição mineral do fruto e condições de atmosfera controlada

AbsTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions and mineral contents on flesh browning in ‘Rocha’ pear. The fruits were stored at different CA conditions: 0.5 kPa O 2 + < 0.03 kPa CO 2 ; 1.0 kPa O 2 + < 0.03 kPa CO 2 ; 1.0 kPa O 2 + 1.0 kPa CO 2 ; 1.0 kPa O 2 + 2.0 kPa CO 2 and 1.0 kPa O 2 + 3.0 kPa CO 2 . Fruit were evaluated for incidence and severity of flesh browning after 9 months of storage (−0.5 ± 0.1 °C and 96 ± 2% RH). Also, fruit with and without the disorder were assessed for contents of Ca, Mg, K, and N, as well as the K/Ca, Mg/Ca, and N/Ca ratios. Fruit stored at 1.0 kPa O 2 + 3.0 kPa CO 2 had higher incidence of flesh browning than those stored at 0.5 kPa O 2 2 and 1.0 kPa O 2 + < 0.03 kPa CO 2 ,as well as higher severity of disorder than all the other storage conditions. Pears with flesh browning had lower Ca content, as well as higher K content and higher K/Ca, Mg/Ca, and N/Ca ratios than fruit without the disorder. However, the multivariate analysis of all these mineral elements showed that the K/Ca ratio provides the best discrimination between fruit with and without flesh browning in ‘Rocha’ pears.

RELAÇÃO ENTRE O TEOR ABSOLUTO E RELATIVO DE CLOROFILA EM FOLHAS DE VIMEIRO

The traditional methods for chlorophylls quantification in leaves are destructive, time consuming and expensive. One alternative to the destructive methods involve the use portable devices, such as the chlorophyll meter SPAD-502, which measure the green color intensity of the leaves, by providing the SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index. However, the SPAD index must be adjusted to the chlorophylls content in the leaves of concerned specie. The objective of this work was to calibrate the SPAD index to quantify the chlorophylls content in leaves of osier ( Salix viminalis ). Leaves with colors ranging from yellow-green (chlorotic) to dark green were individually assessed with the SPAD-502 and, thereafter, destructively assessed for contents of chlorophylls a, b and total, expressed in terms of area and fresh mass of the leaves. There was a high determination coefficient (R 2 ) between the SPAD index and the contents of chlorophylls a, b and total in the leaf, expressed in µg cm -2 of leaf area (R² of 0.86, 0.88 and 0.93, respectively) and of between the SPAD index and the contents of chlorophylls a and total, expressed in µg g -2 fresh weight (R² of 0.81 and 0.79, respectively). The results show the chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 is a suitable alternative to the destructive method to quantify chlorophylls (in area basis; µg cm -2 ) in leaves of osier.