Mauricio Abreu Pinto Peixoto

Metacognição e tecnologia educacional simbólica

The National Directives for Medicine Courses list among others learn how to learn and scientific competence as main objectives for graduation curricula. The purpose of this study is to propose metacognition as a Symbolic Educational Technology. This proposition is based upon Schultzs phenomenological perspective of symbols. The following text presents four main topics. The first introduces a broad definition for Symbolic Educational Technology. The second topic deals with metacognition concepts and its educational benefits. The third one presents Schultzs phenomenology and his concept of symbols. Finally the fourth topic shows how metacognition can enhance teaching and learning by using symbols and ciphers.

Changes in perinatal care as a determinant of the level and diversity of antiinfectives use in a neonatal intensive care unit in Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study focuses on a five-year profile (1990-1994) in the utilization of antiinfectives in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Total antiinfectives consumption, diversity, and possible determinants were analyzed. A descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective drug utilization study design was adopted. Document research, observation, and semi-structured interviews provided information on the neonatal intensive care provided, and drug supply and daily hospital records provided data on antiinfectives use, based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and the infant defined daily dose (DDDi) as units of measurement. The numerical results suggest an increase in total consumption of antiinfectives and a decrease in their diversity. Analyzed in view of the institutional profile and rational drug use, these results indicate that changes in the type of care provided during the study period were key determinants of antiinfectives use.

Translation and adaptation of the action control scale aimed at nursing care

O artigo objetivou descrever as fases da traducao e adaptacao do questionario HAKEMP 90 para a versao brasileira. Derivado da Teoria do Controle da Acao, o questionario consiste em 36 itens que identificam a orientacao para acao ou estado. No estudo, a versao espanhola foi traduzida para o portugues, retraduzida para o espanhol, reavaliada por tradutores bilingues e testada com cinco graduandos de enfermagem. Na versao brasileira, o questionario manteve o formato original e nove itens sofreram substituicao de termos para equivalencia semântica. Os conceitos fundamentais para a investigacao da acao ou estado foram mantidos em todas as etapas. A adaptacao transcultural resultou em um instrumento adequado a lingua portuguesa, apresentando compreensao e concordância entre os itens. O questionario adaptado configurou um recurso valioso para o exito do estudante enquanto ferramenta diagnostica, por viabilizar a descoberta precoce do risco para o desempenho insatisfatorio em situacoes especificas.The study aimed to describe the of translation and adaptation phases of the questionnaire HAKEMP 90 to the Brazilian version. Derived from the Action Control Theory, the questionnaire consists of 36 items that identify the orientation towards action or state. The Spanish version was translated into Portuguese, back-translated into Spanish, reassessed by bilingual translators and tested in five nursing students. In the Brazilian version, the questionnaire kept the original format and nine items underwent replacement of terms for semantic equivalence. The fundamental concepts to investigate the action or state were kept in all stages. The cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese language resulted in an appropriate tool, with understanding and agreement between the items. The adapted questionnaire represented a valuable resource for the students success as a diagnostic tool, by enabling the early detection of risk factors for poor performance in specific situations. DESCRIPTORS: Translation. Adaptation. Learning. Nursing.

APRENDIZAGEM E METACOGNIÇÃO NO ENSINO DE METODOLOGIA CIENTÍFICA

Theres a need of new methodologies to assist the learner in the perception of their learning processes. This paper reports the use of metacognitive strategies to teach scientific method to 23 graduate health students. Based on the constructivist approach we used techniques of mobilization to promote cognitive conflict between the beliefs of students about scientific thinking and simulated tasks for a scientific methodology course. A reflective journal was used to encourage the student awareness of their learning processes and as a tool for observation of individual differences in receiving information and possible knowledge transfers.It was concluded that the reports allowed observe widespread effects on the behavior and thinking of students.

Características definidoras da Resposta Disfuncional ao Desmame Ventilatório como indicadores de acurácia do desmame ventilatório

The study aimed to analyze the defining characteristics of the Dysfunctional Ventilatory Weaning Response as an indicator of the accuracy of ventilatory weaning. Observational study of 38 events of ventilatory weaning in adult patients admitted to intensive care. For the defining characteristics, it was calculated: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy or efficiency, likelihood ratio positive and negative, and diagnostic odds ratio. It was also considered the median number of defining characteristics in the event of success and failure. It was considered accurate: agitation, deterioration in arterial blood gases from baseline parameters, moderate use of accessory muscles of respiration, increased respiratory rate from baseline parameters and respiratory rate increases significantly with respect to baseline parameters. There was statistical difference in the median number of defining characteristics observed. It was concluded that the defining characteristic and the number of them would influence the success of the weaning decision.Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas definidoras do diagnostico Resposta Disfuncional do Desmame Ventilatorio, como indicadores de acuracia das tentativas de desmame. Estudo observacional de 38 eventos de tentativa de desmame ventilatorio em pacientes adultos internados em terapia intensiva. Para as caracteristicas definidoras foram calculadas: sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos, acuracia ou sensibilidade, razao de verossimilhanca e razao de chances diagnostica. Tambem foram consideradas as medianas do numero de caracteristicas definidoras nos eventos de sucesso e insucesso. Foram consideradas acuradas: agitacao, deterioracao nos gases sanguineos arteriais em relacao aos parâmetros basais, uso moderado da musculatura acessoria da respiracao, aumento da frequencia respiratoria em relacao aos parâmetros basais e frequencia respiratoria aumentada de forma significativa em relacao aos parâmetros basais. Houve diferenca estatistica nas medianas do numero de caracteristicas definidoras observadas. Conclui-se que a caracteristica definidora e o numero delas influenciariam o sucesso da decisao sobre o desmame.

Escala do controle da ação para o diagnóstico de desempenho em estudantes de Enfermagem

Quantitative research aimed to verify the relevance of Action Control Theory for the identification of risk for poor performance in the planning of preventive care for pressure ulcers. The action - state orientation deals with individual differences and the ability to regulate emotions, cognitions and attitudes to complete the intentional actions. The instruments used were the Student Assessment Instrument and HAKEMP 90, derived from this theory, in 46 undergraduate nursing students. The analysis showed high sensitivity (0.84) for the diagnosis of risk for poor performance and high specificity (0.90) for detecting the absence of risk in the care planning. The results suggest the HAKEMP 90 as a diagnostic tool for identifying essential elements of nursing education as active learning, regulation of cognitive processes and relevance of basic nursing care in hospital.Quantitative research aimed to verify the relevance of Action Control Theory for the identification of risk for poor performance in the planning of preventive care for pressure ulcers. The action - state orientation deals with individual differences and the ability to regulate emotions, cognitions and attitudes to complete the intentional actions. The instruments used were the Student Assessment Instrument and HAKEMP 90, derived from this theory, in 46 undergraduate nursing students. The analysis showed high sensitivity (0.84) for the diagnosis of risk for poor performance and high specificity (0.90) for detecting the absence of risk in the care planning. The results suggest the HAKEMP 90 as a diagnostic tool for identifying essential elements of nursing education as active learning, regulation of cognitive processes and relevance of basic nursing care in hospital.

O diagrama V como ferramenta de integração analítica de conhecimentos teórico-conceituais e metodológicos na saúde

OBJECTIVE To produce a reflection on the ability of the V diagram to integrate theoretical, conceptual, and methodological knowledge obtained from complex, non-explicitly identifiable systems, models, and theories. METHODS Reflection study with an analytical characteristic. RESULTS The V Diagram is presented as an instrument that can ensure an integrated analysis between theoretical and conceptual knowledge (worldview and philosophy, theories, principles, constructs, and concepts), and the analysis or production of methodological knowledge (data records, transformations, knowledge assertions, and value assertions). Examples are related to the Unified Health System (SUS), and care in Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs. CONCLUSIONS V diagram is an instrument capable of producing an integrated analysis of the knowledge contained in productions linked to complex and non-explicitly identifiable models and theories as a theoretical model, theory or framework applying deductive and inductive procedures.

Traducción y adaptación de la escala del control de la acción con vistas a la atención de enfermería

O artigo objetivou descrever as fases da traducao e adaptacao do questionario HAKEMP 90 para a versao brasileira. Derivado da Teoria do Controle da Acao, o questionario consiste em 36 itens que identificam a orientacao para acao ou estado. No estudo, a versao espanhola foi traduzida para o portugues, retraduzida para o espanhol, reavaliada por tradutores bilingues e testada com cinco graduandos de enfermagem. Na versao brasileira, o questionario manteve o formato original e nove itens sofreram substituicao de termos para equivalencia semântica. Os conceitos fundamentais para a investigacao da acao ou estado foram mantidos em todas as etapas. A adaptacao transcultural resultou em um instrumento adequado a lingua portuguesa, apresentando compreensao e concordância entre os itens. O questionario adaptado configurou um recurso valioso para o exito do estudante enquanto ferramenta diagnostica, por viabilizar a descoberta precoce do risco para o desempenho insatisfatorio em situacoes especificas.The study aimed to describe the of translation and adaptation phases of the questionnaire HAKEMP 90 to the Brazilian version. Derived from the Action Control Theory, the questionnaire consists of 36 items that identify the orientation towards action or state. The Spanish version was translated into Portuguese, back-translated into Spanish, reassessed by bilingual translators and tested in five nursing students. In the Brazilian version, the questionnaire kept the original format and nine items underwent replacement of terms for semantic equivalence. The fundamental concepts to investigate the action or state were kept in all stages. The cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese language resulted in an appropriate tool, with understanding and agreement between the items. The adapted questionnaire represented a valuable resource for the students success as a diagnostic tool, by enabling the early detection of risk factors for poor performance in specific situations. DESCRIPTORS: Translation. Adaptation. Learning. Nursing.

Tradução e adaptação da escala do controle da ação visando ao cuidado de enfermagem

O artigo objetivou descrever as fases da traducao e adaptacao do questionario HAKEMP 90 para a versao brasileira. Derivado da Teoria do Controle da Acao, o questionario consiste em 36 itens que identificam a orientacao para acao ou estado. No estudo, a versao espanhola foi traduzida para o portugues, retraduzida para o espanhol, reavaliada por tradutores bilingues e testada com cinco graduandos de enfermagem. Na versao brasileira, o questionario manteve o formato original e nove itens sofreram substituicao de termos para equivalencia semântica. Os conceitos fundamentais para a investigacao da acao ou estado foram mantidos em todas as etapas. A adaptacao transcultural resultou em um instrumento adequado a lingua portuguesa, apresentando compreensao e concordância entre os itens. O questionario adaptado configurou um recurso valioso para o exito do estudante enquanto ferramenta diagnostica, por viabilizar a descoberta precoce do risco para o desempenho insatisfatorio em situacoes especificas.The study aimed to describe the of translation and adaptation phases of the questionnaire HAKEMP 90 to the Brazilian version. Derived from the Action Control Theory, the questionnaire consists of 36 items that identify the orientation towards action or state. The Spanish version was translated into Portuguese, back-translated into Spanish, reassessed by bilingual translators and tested in five nursing students. In the Brazilian version, the questionnaire kept the original format and nine items underwent replacement of terms for semantic equivalence. The fundamental concepts to investigate the action or state were kept in all stages. The cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese language resulted in an appropriate tool, with understanding and agreement between the items. The adapted questionnaire represented a valuable resource for the students success as a diagnostic tool, by enabling the early detection of risk factors for poor performance in specific situations. DESCRIPTORS: Translation. Adaptation. Learning. Nursing.

Defining characteristics of the dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response as indicators of accuracy of ventilatory weaning

The study aimed to analyze the defining characteristics of the Dysfunctional Ventilatory Weaning Response as an indicator of the accuracy of ventilatory weaning. Observational study of 38 events of ventilatory weaning in adult patients admitted to intensive care. For the defining characteristics, it was calculated: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy or efficiency, likelihood ratio positive and negative, and diagnostic odds ratio. It was also considered the median number of defining characteristics in the event of success and failure. It was considered accurate: agitation, deterioration in arterial blood gases from baseline parameters, moderate use of accessory muscles of respiration, increased respiratory rate from baseline parameters and respiratory rate increases significantly with respect to baseline parameters. There was statistical difference in the median number of defining characteristics observed. It was concluded that the defining characteristic and the number of them would influence the success of the weaning decision.Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas definidoras do diagnostico Resposta Disfuncional do Desmame Ventilatorio, como indicadores de acuracia das tentativas de desmame. Estudo observacional de 38 eventos de tentativa de desmame ventilatorio em pacientes adultos internados em terapia intensiva. Para as caracteristicas definidoras foram calculadas: sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos, acuracia ou sensibilidade, razao de verossimilhanca e razao de chances diagnostica. Tambem foram consideradas as medianas do numero de caracteristicas definidoras nos eventos de sucesso e insucesso. Foram consideradas acuradas: agitacao, deterioracao nos gases sanguineos arteriais em relacao aos parâmetros basais, uso moderado da musculatura acessoria da respiracao, aumento da frequencia respiratoria em relacao aos parâmetros basais e frequencia respiratoria aumentada de forma significativa em relacao aos parâmetros basais. Houve diferenca estatistica nas medianas do numero de caracteristicas definidoras observadas. Conclui-se que a caracteristica definidora e o numero delas influenciariam o sucesso da decisao sobre o desmame.