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Níveis de uréia em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de novilhos em pastagem de capim-braquiária durante o período de transição águas-seca

The effects of energy levels in multiple supplements on productive performance and nutritional parameters were evaluated of finishing beef cattle grazing palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), during the rainy to dry transition season. For the performance evaluation, 24 crossbred bulls, 18 month old and 330 kg of initial body weight (BW), were distributed to a completely randomized design, in four paddocks of 1.5 ha each. Four treatments were evaluated: mineral mix (MM) and corn and whole soybean grain based [...]

Velocidade de estabelecimento de acessos de amendoim forrageiro na Amazônia Ocidental

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a velocidade de estabelecimento de acessos de amendoim forrageiro (Arachis repens e Arachis pintoi), visando selecionar materiais adaptados aos sistemas intensivos de producao pecuaria do Acre. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos consistiram de dois acessos de A. repens, sete acessos e duas cultivares de Arachis pintoi identificados como promissores para as condicoes ambientais de Rio Branco, Acre. Foi adotado como testemunha A. pintoi cv. Amarillo. Os acessos Ap 65, Ap 39 e Ar 10, com desempenho semelhante as cultivares Amarillo e Belmonte, destacaram-se por apresentar excelente velocidade de estabelecimento, com indice de sobrevivencia das mudas e cobertura do solo superiores a 80% e comprimento dos estoloes acima de 85 cm, respectivamente, aos 50, 70 e 120 dias apos o plantio. Estes genotipos apresentaram produtividade de materia seca (MS) superior a 2.300 kg/ha, taxas de acumulo de MS iguais ou superiores a 20 kg/ha/dia e teor de proteina bruta variando entre 17,9 e 21,7%, no final do periodo de estabelecimento. Entre os quatro grupos heteroticos, o formado pelo acesso Ap 39 destacou-se dos demais, por apresentar valores medios a altos para todas as caracteristicas avaliadas, de acordo com a analise de agrupamento realizada pelo Metodo de Otimizacao de Tocher, com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. Para que os materiais promissores possam ser recomendados para uso nos sistemas intensivos de producao de bovinos no Acre, devem ser desenvolvidos estudos adicionais com relacao a: 1) produtividade e qualidade de MS nos periodos chuvoso e seco; 2) ocorrencia de pragas e doencas; 3) producao de sementes; 4) adaptacao a solos de baixa permeabilidade; 5) compatibilidade com gramineas forrageiras e especies arboreas e arbustivas perenes; 6) producao animal e persistencia sob pastejo.

Fontes suplementares de proteína para novilhos mestiços em recria em pastagens de capim-braquiária no período das águas: desempenho produtivo e econômico

The performance was evaluated of beef crossbred Holstein-Zebu steers, supplemented with different protein sources on pasture of Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu, during the wet season. The area was divided into paddocks of 1.5 ha, with an availability of dry matter and potentially digestible dry matter of 7.46 and 4.50 t/ha, respectively. Twenty-five animals with 229 kg initial weight and 12 months of age were distributed in a complete randomized design, with five treatments and five replications. The following treatments were evaluated: mineral mix (MM) control group; soybean meal (SM) + cottonseed meal (CM) and MM; SM and MM; ground soybean grain (GGS) and MM; whole soybean grain (WSG) and MM; supplied daily on the amount of 60, 510, 460, 560 and 560 g/animal, respectively. Even without statistical significance, the animals that received the supplement showed a gain of 211 g (23.78%) greater than the animals that received only mineral mix. The use of multiple supplements based on soybean meal and cottonseed meal provided 247g/animal/day greater than the mineral mix. The supplementation with protein sources may provide additional gain during the wet season. Multiple supplementation provided economic return regardless of the protein source evaluated in relation to the control group.

Energy sources in multiple supplements for Nellore calves in creep-feeding: productive performance, nutrient intake and digestibility

The performance, intake and digestibility were evaluated in Nellore beef calves supplemented with different energy sources in Brachiaria decumbens pasture were evaluated. The area was divided into five 6.8 ha paddocks with an availability of dry matter and potentially digestible dry matter of 4.10 and 2.38 t/ha, respectively. Forty-five animals with 96.0 ± 11.0 kg initial weight and 101 ± 12 days of age were allotted to a completely randomized experimental design, as a 5 × 2 factorial (five supplements and two sex). The following supplements were evaluated: mineral mix (MM), control group; soybean meal (SM) + ground corn grain (GCG) and mineral mix; soybean meal + wheat meal + ground corn grain and mineral mix; soybean meal + rice meal and mineral mix; soybean meal + ground sorghum grain + ground corn grain and mineral mix; supplied daily at the amount of 60 g/animal for the control group and 500 g for the other diets, respectively. There was statistical significance for the animals that received supplementation with ground corn grain and ground sorghum grain that showed an additional average daily gain of 100 g (16.39%) higher than the animals that received only mineral mix. The use of multiple supplements based on ground sorghum grain and corn grain increased dry matter intake and forage organic matter more than the diet with ground corn grain. The supplementation with energy sources with ground sorghum grain and corn grain can provide additional average daily gain and increase in forage intake, in animals in creep-feeding.ABSTRACT - The performance, intake and digestibility were evaluated in Nellore beef calves supplemented withdifferent energy sources in Brachiaria decumbens pasture were evaluated. The area was divided into five 6.8 ha paddockswith an availability of dry matter and potentially digestible dry matter of 4.10 and 2.38 t/ha, respectively. Forty-fiveanimals with 96.0 ± 11.0 kg initial weight and 101 ± 12 days of age were allotted to a completely randomized experimentaldesign, as a 5 × 2 factorial (five supplements and two sex). The following supplements were evaluated: mineral mix (MM),control group; soybean meal (SM) + ground corn grain (GCG) and mineral mix; soybean meal + wheat meal + ground corngrain and mineral mix; soybean meal + rice meal and mineral mix; soybean meal + ground sorghum grain + ground corngrain and mineral mix; supplied daily at the amount of 60 g/animal for the control group and 500 g for the other diets,respectively. There was statistical significance for the animals that received supplementation with ground corn grainand ground sorghum grain that showed an additional average daily gain of 100 g (16.39%) higher than the animals thatreceived only mineral mix. The use of multiple supplements based on ground sorghum grain and corn grain increaseddry matter intake and forage organic matter more than the diet with ground corn grain. The supplementation with energysources with ground sorghum grain and corn grain can provide additional average daily gain and increase in forage intake,in animals in creep-feeding.Key Words: daily gain, energy supplementation, pasture, phase of lactation

Body composition and energy requirements of supplemented grazing beef cattle

The objective in this trial was to estimate the energy requirements of supplemented Zebu bulls grazing Brachiaria decumbens paddocks. Twenty eight intact males, seven months old and initial body weight 180 kg were used. Eight animals were slaughtered as reference, in different weight ranges. The net energy requirements for weight gain were obtained by regressing the log of the retained energy (RE) on the log of empty body weight (EBW). The net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) were obtained from regression of the log of the heat production (HP) on the metabolizable energy intake (MEI). The efficiency of metabolizable energy use for maintenance (km) was calculated as the ratio of net energy requirements for maintenance to metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) and the slope of the linear regression of retained energy on metabolizable energy intake was considered as an estimate of the efficiency of using metabolizable energy for weight gain (kg). The net energy requirements for maintenance of Zebu bulls, under pasture, was 82.4 kcal/EBW0.75/day or 76.12 kcal/BW0.75/day. Thus, grazing Zebu bulls have about 5% greater net energy requirements for maintenance than feedlot Zebu bulls. The daily requirements of metabolizable energy was 149.76 kcal/EBW0.75, and the efficiency of metabolizable energy used for maintenance (km) of Zebu bulls under pasture was 55% and for gain (kg) 29%.

Urea levels in multiple supplements for finishing beef cattle on palisade grass pasture during the rainy to dry transition

The effects of multiple supplements with different urea levels on the productive performance and nutritional characteristics, for finishing beef cattle kept in deferred pasture of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) in the transition period of rainy to dry season were evaluated. The estimated dry matter availability of the pasture ranged from 16,360 to 9,358 kg/ha. In the performance trial, 20 crossbreed bulls, 20 months old and initial 376 kg BW were used. The animals were grouped in lots of [...]The effects of multiple supplements with different urea levels on the productive performance and nutritional characteristics, for finishing beef cattle kept in deferred pasture of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) in the transition period of rainy to dry season were evaluated. The estimated dry matter availability of the pasture ranged from 16,360 to 9,358 kg/ha. In the performance trial, 20 crossbreed bulls, 20 months old and initial 376 kg BW were used. The animals were grouped in lots of similar weights to a completely randomized design, in four paddocks of 1.5 ha, where they received 1.5 kg/d of isoproteic supplements (20% CP), consisting with corn grain, grounded soybean, mineral mix and urea in the levels of 0.0; 1.6; 3.2 and 4.8% as-is basis, respectively. The average daily gain (mean value of 0.57 kg/d) was not affected by the urea levels in the supplements. The nutritional characteristics were evaluated using four crossbred (Holstein × Zebu) bulls, with initial 320 kg BW, with esophageal, ruminal and abomasal cannula, were used. The animals were fed the same amounts of supplements fed to the animals of the experimental performance. Urea levels did no affect the ruminal pH and the ammonia concentration. Weight gains 0.5 to 0.6 kg/d could be obtained using only corn, urea and mineral mix in multiple supplements for finishing beef cattle kept in deferred pasture.

Protein requirements of pasture supplemented beef cattle

The objective of this trial was to determine the protein requirements of Zebu bovines on Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. pasture supplemented with concentrate. It was used 28 non-castrated Zebu steers at an average age of 7 months and 180 kg average weight. Eight baseline animals were slaughtered to determine the initial body composition. The 20 remaining animals were divided in five plots of four animals, in a completely randomized design so each group received one out of the five nutritional plans: maintenance; mineral mix; and supplementation at the levels of 0.75; 1.50 and 2.25 kg/animal/day. In all animals, the right half carcass was dissected in muscle, fat and bones and all the body components were weighed to determine the empty body weight and empty body composition. These data allowed the calculations of net requirements forweight gain in several ranges of the body weight of the animals. Contents of protein withheld in the bodies of the animals were regressed in function of empty body gain and withheld energy. The requirements of total metabolizable protein for an animal with 350 kg and average daily weight gain of 1.0 kg, were 593.59 g/day. That same animal, consuming 7.40 kg of DM/day requires diets with 12.97% of CP in total DM. The net requirement of protein for weight gain of non-castrated grazing Zebu bulls with up to 350 kg of body weight decreases as the body weight or retained energy increases, and it can be estimated by the equation: PR (g/day) = -26.2946 + 247.4853 x GPCVZ - 24.8436 x ER.