Melissa Pisaroglo de Carvalho

Tamanho da amostra e método de amostragem para avaliação de características do pimentão em estufa plástica

Information from all plants in a row are usually collected in greenhouse experiments. This increases experimental cost, labor, time and space for collecting data from all plants and fruits. The sample size and sampling method for sweet pepper experiments in greenhouse were determined, during winter-spring of 2000 and summer-fall of 2001. The greenhouse was located at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil. The experiment was conducted with ten rows of 23 m length with 72 plants per row. Fresh fruit weight variances were heterogeneous among rows for each cultivation season, between the two seasons. The sample sizes estimated for the winter-spring and summer-fall seasons were, respectively, 56 and 50 plants per row in each crop with 95% of confidence.

Sample size for single, double and thee-way hybrid corn ear traits

O uso dos tamanhos de amostras adequados nas unidades experimentais melhora a eficiencia da pesquisa. Foi conduzido um experimento no ano agricola 2004/2005 em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de estimar o tamanho de amostra para o comprimento de espiga, o diâmetro de espiga e de sabugo, o peso da espiga, dos graos por espiga, do sabugo e de 100 graos, o numero de fileiras de graos por espiga, o numero de graos por espiga e o comprimento dos graos de dois hibridos simples (P30F33 e P Flex), dois hibridos triplos (AG8021 e DG501) e dois hibridos duplos (AG2060 e DKB701) de milho. Para uma precisao de 5% (D5), caracteristicas de peso (peso de espiga despalhada, de graos, de sabugo e de 100 graos) podem ser amostradas com 21 espigas, caracteristicas de tamanho (comprimento de espiga e de grao, diâmetro de espiga e de sabugo) com oito espigas, e dados de contagem (numero de graos e de fileiras) com 13 espigas. O tamanho de amostra e variavel em funcao da caracteristica da espiga e do tipo de hibrido: simples, triplo ou duplo. A variabilidade genetica existente entre os hibridos de milho, na forma crescente: simples, triplo e duplo, nao reflete na mesma ordem no tamanho de amostra de caracteres da espiga.

A precisªo experimental relacionada ao uso de bordaduras nas extremidades das fileiras em ensaios de milho

Seven experiments of corn cultivar competition were carried out to quantify the experimental precision improvement by evaluating border plants at the ends of rows of corn trials. The experiments were conducted during 2000 and 2001 grown seasons at the experimental area of the Fitotecnia Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Each cultivar was replicated three times in plots of two rows of 5.0m separated by 0.80m following a randomized complete block design. The 0.5m of the ends of the same plot rows was considered as border plants and was separated evaluated. Data on grain yield of plot and total yield including border plants were used to verify the statistical model presuppositions as well as the analysis of variance and Scott-Knott cluster analysis. The Tukey least significance difference (LSD) statistic was used as experimental precision indicator. The significance of the LSD statistic between two experiments was tested by the F test. All experiments followed the statistical model presuppositions. The inclusion of border plant data did not change experimental precision of corn cultivars competition trials.

Persistência do plano experimental em ensaios de avaliação de germoplasma elite de feijão

The determination of the plot size and the repetition number is important to the correct evaluation and differentiation of genotypes. The experimental planning can be made using previous results in already conducted assays. The objective of this work is to verify the repeatability of the heterogeneity index and the experimental plan, in the same experimental area with beans culture, during seven years (2000 to 2006). Fourteen competitive assays of elite genotype beans had been tested in Santa Maria, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - in two growing seasons (normal and off season crops), with different treat numbers (advanced lines and variety). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. For each assay, the mean, variation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient and heterogeneity index of the grain yield of beans were determined. Also the true differences between two means of treatments by Hatheway methods, using for different values of the heterogeneity index, repetition number had been estimated together with the plot size. The frequency of the heterogeneity index between 0.2 and 0.7 was 71%, evidencing that the experimental plan, on the basis of the results of previous experiments, has validity in 71% of the cases. It does not seem to have b predominance in function of the growing seasons - normal and late season crops, or of the type of experiment - VCU or variety, showing a good repeatability or persistence in elapsing of the years.

Adequação de ciclo e estatura de planta é essencial para a comparação de genótipos de milho

Genotype effects can result in recommendation mistakes in corn (Zea mays) competition trials. The objective was to verify if corn genotypes were well arranged and their consequences to mean comparisons. Six experiments were carried out at the experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria with early, medium and late cycle corn genotypes during 2000/2001 grown season. The experimental design was a factorial (genotype in main plots and plant density in sub-plots) in a randomized complete block with three replications. The mathematical model assumptions were adequate in most cases. Genotype arrangements were not adequate for cycle and plant height, increasing experimental errors and reducing statistical power of mean comparisons. Corn genotypes with different cycle and/or plant height should not be compared in the same plant density and trial.

SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E RECIPIENTES PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE FUMO EM HIDROPONIA

Com o objetivo de avaliar sistemas de irrigacao e recipientes para a producao de mudas de fumo em hidroponia, realizou-se experimento em casa-de-vegetacao no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM. As mudas de fumo foram produzidas em piscinas rasas nas dimensoes 1,0 m de largura e 2,0 m de comprimento e 0,10 m de profundidade. O experimento foi um bifatorial 2 x 4 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repeticoes. As parcelas principais foram constituidas pelos sistemas de irrigacao permanente, com lâmina de agua e sistema de irrigacao intermitente, sem lâmina de agua, e as subparcelas foram constituidas por quatro formas de acondicionamento de substratos: bandejas de plastico preto com 25 celulas preenchidas com substrato organo-mineral “Plantmax®”, bandeja de plastico preto preenchida com espuma fenolica 2 x 2 x 2 cm, placa de espuma fenolica em duas dimensoes 2 x 2 x 2 cm e 2,5 x 2,5 x 3,0 cm. A semeadura foi realizada em 30 de junho de 2005 e as amostragens foram feitas aos 30, 37 e 44 dias apos a emergencia. Os sistemas de irrigacao intermitente e permanente nao diferiram significativamente entre si para a producao de mudas de fumo em hidroponia. O recipiente bandeja com substrato organo-mineral “Plantmax®” proporciona mudas de fumo com maior estatura, numero de folhas, area foliar e fitomassa seca de parte aerea. Palavras-chave: Nicotiana tabacum, qualidade de mudas, substratos, cultivo sem solo. ABSTRACT With the purpose to evaluating systems of irrigation and containers for the production of tobacco runners in hydroponics, an experiment was conducted at a greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitotecnia at the UFSM. The tobacco runners were produced in flat pools, 1 m large, 2 m long and 0,10 m deep. It was used an entirely randomized delineation, with subdivided plot in 2 x 4 factorial project, with four replications. The main plot were constituted by permanent irrigation system, with water blade and intermittent irrigation system, without water blade. The splitplot were constituted by four forms of substratum preservation: black plastic trays with 25 cells filled with mineral-organic substratum “Plantmax®”, black plastic tray filled with phenolic foam and phenolic foam in two dimensions (2 x 2 x 2 cm and 2,5 x 2,5 x 3,0 cm). The sowing was carried through in June 30, 2005 and samples were taken at the 30 th , 37 th and 44 th days after the emergency. The intermittent irrigation system and the permanent irrigation not presented a significant statistical difference for the production of tobacco runners in hydroponics. The container trays filled with organic mineral substratum “Plantmax®” presented runners with better stature, number of leaves, leaf area and dry plant mass. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum, quality of runners, substratum, soiless cultivation.