Michele Simili da Silva

Aerobic stability of triticale silage in single culture or in mixtures with oat and/or legumes

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aerobic stability and losses during the fermentation process of triticale silages in single crop or in mixtures with oats and/or legumes. The following crops were used for silage production: triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittimack), triticale intercropped with forage pea (Pisum arvense) and triticale intercropped with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), forage pea and vetch (Vicia sativa). The dry matter content and its recovery did not differ among the silages. Buffer capacity was higher for tricale silage intercropped with oats, forage pea and vetch(88.67 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM) followed by triticale intercropped with forage pea (80.80 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM). Electric conductivity values were higher in the intercropped triticale silages. Triticale silage presented the lowest temperatures observed in the silos, and the silages of intercropped triticale silages presented higher heat retention and higher pH values. Silage of triticale intercropped with oats and legumes presented lower aerobic stability but it did not reduce the aerobic stability of the total feed. Dry matter recovery during storage and in stability evaluations in aerobiosis is similar among the silages.

Produção e composição química de híbridos de sorgo e de milho para silagem

The goal in this research was to evaluate the production parameters and chemical composition of four sorghum hybrids (60015 XBS, XBS 60451, AG and Dow 2005 F305 E) and a corn hybrid (AS32).In the experimental design was used complete blocks randomized with three repetitions. It was evaluated the total production of green mass (MV), dry matter (MS) and the stem, leaf, panicle, spike (maize). It was determined the content of crude protein (PB), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (CHOT), non-fiber carbohydrates (CNF), mineral matter (MM) and organic matter (MO) of the plant, leaf fractions and panicle. There was no production difference between hybrids DM, MV and leaf. In the chemical composition of sorghum and maize plants, there were some differences among the hybrids. The crude protein, sorghum AG 2005 E had the highest average with 9.84%, and corn AS32 had the smallest one, with 7.76%. For the leaves composition, the PB was smaller in the hybrids XBS 60015 (9,8%) and XBS 60451 (9,87%), higher concentrations of FDN, 66,02 and 66,65%, respectively. The sorghum panicles had higher average of PB (10,06%) in relation to the corn (7,78%). The CNE was higher than the panicles of XBS 60015 with 29,61% and XBS 60451 with 27,20%. The sorghum hybrids presented a better quality in their chemical composition. So it is recommended their utilization to make better quality silage.

Produtividade e valor nutricional da silagem de híbridos de milho em diferentes alturas de colheita

Five corn hybrids were evaluated to the productivity of dry matter, nutritive value of silage and milk yield. The hybrids evaluated were AS 32, AG 9090, CD 308, DKB 747 and P 30F87, harvested at three cutting heights: 15, 35 and 55 cm. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots and three replicates. Experimental silos of PVC with 20 cm of diameter and 40 cm of height were used. Milk yield per ton of silage (feed efficiency) and milk production per hectare were estimated by using the model Milk2006. The productivity of ensilable forage decreased with increase in height of harvest, with results of 14.6, 13.0 and 12.6 t/ha DM for the cut heights of 15 cm, 35 cm and 55 cm, respectively. Corn hybrid and cut height influenced chemical composition of silage, except for EE, which was not influenced by cut height. There was an interaction hybrid × cut height for the content of starch, in vitro digestibility of DM and of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and content of total digestible nutrients (TDN). Cut height affected feed efficiency whose average values of 1,226, 1,291 and 1,393 kg milk/t silage at the cut heights of 15, 35 and 55 cm, respectively. It was also observed effect of type of hybrid on milk yield and feed efficiency, with the best values recorded for the hybrid DKB 747 harvested at 55 cm of height. By raising the height of harvest, the nutritional value of silage is improved, with no influence on milk yield per hectare. The management of the height of cut does not replace the choice of better hybrids for production of silage with high quality and productivity.

Silagem de grãos de milho, com adição de soja: estabilidade aeróbia e desempenho de vacas leiteiras

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso de aditivo microbiano e de ureia na composicao quimica, digestibilidade in vitro, no desaparecimento ruminal, e na estabilidade aerobia de silagens de graos umidos de milho com adicao de soja crua. Um segundo ensaio foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a substituicao do concentrado comercial por silagem de graos de milho com adicao de 20% de soja crua na producao e composicao do leite de vacas holandesas. Para a avaliacao das silagens foram feitos mini silos de pvc arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com tres tratamentos (silagem de graos umidos de milho + 20% de soja crua; silagem de graos umidos de milho + 20% de soja crua + inoculante microbiano e silagem de graos umidos de milho + 20% de soja crua + 1,4% de ureia) e quatro repeticoes. As silagens apresentaram-se estaveis no periodo de 96 horas, com perdas de materia seca de 3,55, 3,32 e 4,39 para silagens sem aditivos, com a adicao de inoculante microbiano e com ureia respectivamente. A adicao de ureia diminuiu a taxa de degradacao ruminal das silagens de graos umidos de milho com adicao de soja. Para a avaliacao da producao e composicao do leite foram utilizadas 20 vacas leiteiras arranjadas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e dez repeticoes. Verificouse que a silagem de graos de milho com adicao de graos de soja pode ser usada na alimentacao de vacas em lactacao sem impacto sobre a producao e composicao quimica do leite, mantendo os niveis de producao.

Determinação da massa específica de silagens de milho por método indireto

An alternative method to estimate the specific mass (SM) of silage were evaluated in two studies with corn silages in trench silos. The values of penetrometer resistance were correlated with the SM values obtained with the use of sampling by a metal cylinder and the SM of the silage was estimated by means of regression. Since there was a high positive relationship of penetration resistance of the metallic cone and SM estimated with SM observed, the penetrometer can be used as indirect method for determining the SM of corn silage.