Muhammad Abdullah Arafat

A simple time domain algorithm for the detection of ventricular fibrillation in electrocardiogram

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most serious variety of arrhythmia which requires quick and accurate detection to save lives. In this paper, we propose a new time domain algorithm, called threshold crossing sample count (TCSC), which is an improved version of the threshold crossing interval (TCI) algorithm for VF detection. The algorithm is based on an important feature of the VF signal which relies on the random behavior of the electrical heart vector. By two simple operations: comparison and count, the technique calculates an effective measure which is used to separate life-threatening VF from other heart rhythms. For assessment of the performance of the algorithm, the method is applied on the complete MIT-BIH arrhythmia and CU databases, and a promising good performance is observed. Seven other classical and new VF detection algorithms, including TCI, have been simulated and comparative performance results in terms of different quality parameters are presented. The TCSC algorithm yields the highest value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The new algorithm shows strong potential to be applied in clinical applications for faster and accurate detection of VF.

Detection of ventricular fibrillation using empirical mode decomposition and Bayes decision theory

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most serious variety of arrhythmia which requires quick and accurate detection to save lives. In this paper, we propose an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based algorithm for VF detection. The intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of VF are orthogonal whereas the lower order IMFs of normal sinus rhythm (NSR) are not. The orthogonality indices derived from the first three consecutive intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of NSR and VF are used for their discrimination. The proposed technique is applied to the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The accuracy of detection of VF is 99.70% for a window length of 3s. This early estimate of VF may be useful in emergency cases where defibrillators are to be applied. Comparative results with the existing methods in terms of quality parameters and integrated receiver operating characteristic (IROC) are presented.

A smart prepaid energy metering system to control electricity theft

Power utilities in different countries especially in the developing ones are incurring huge losses due to electricity theft. This paper proposes a prepaid energy metering system to control electricity theft. In this system a smart energy meter is installed in every consumer unit and a server is maintained at the service provider side. Both the meter and the server are equipped with GSM module which facilitates bidirectional communication between the two ends using the existing GSM infrastructure. Consumers can easily recharge their energy meter by sending a PIN number hidden in a scratch card to the server using SMS. This paper presents some measures to control meter bypassing and tampering. The bidirectional GSM communication using SMS ensures the effectiveness of these measures. Pilferage of electricity can be substantially reduced by incorporating the proposed measures along with the prepaid metering scheme. Legal actions against dishonest consumers can also be taken in this system.

A novel method to model ECG beats using Gaussian functions

ECG signal modeling is an essential prerequisite for detection, classification and compression of ECG signal. In this paper, a novel method is developed to model ECG beats using Gaussian fitting of order eight. First, the baseline is detected from the probability histogram of the ECG signal and each beat is divided into two components according to the one above the baseline and the one below it. Both of them are then modeled separately and incorporated together to construct the entire fit. The MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database has been used for authenticity. The difference between the modeled signal and the original signal is calculated and very low residual error has been found. The RMS error of this method has been determined to be 0.02569, 0.02846, 0.05916, 0.02002 and 0.03169 mV for NSR, APC, PVC, LBBB and RBBB beats respectively.

Electrification of streets of Dhaka City using smart solar system

This research paper carries out a proposal to implement an efficient way to electrify the streets of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, using solar power. Recently, government has launched a project named “Solar PhotovoltaicPowered LED (Light Emitting Diode) Street Lighting” to electrify the streets of Dhaka using only solar panels. Under the prevailing project, 122 LED lights, each of 30W are installed to electrify approximately 2 km streets. But after implementation, it has been founded that 60-100W LED light is required for adequately illuminating the streets which will allow the ADB (Asian Development Bank) fund to cover only 250-300 km streets. Our proposal is to use the solar panels implemented in this project more efficiently by adding concentrators, installing tracking system and using integrated battery. This system improves the total output of solar panel by maximum utilization of available photovoltaic energy and maximum utilization of the duration for which solar power is available based on concentration and tracking system and thereby we hope that it will help to enhance the total street coverage within the budget.

Design of a wideband delay element for transmitted reference UWB receivers

The transmitted reference ultra-wideband (TR-UWB) scheme has generated considerable interest in the field of UWB radio and on-chip wireless interconnect systems. This paper presents a wideband delay element (WBDE) which is a major design concern for TR-UWB transceivers and introduces a novel WBDE architecture that eliminates the need for dual bipolar power supplies. A very wide range of delays of monotonic nature (100–1000ps) can be achieved by varying the dimensions of the transistors, the power supply voltage, the shunt capacitances and the number of stages in the delay chain. The WBDE, designed using IBM® 90nm CMOS technology, would make the circuit implementation of TR-UWB schemes realizable.

A simple high data rate UWB OOK pulse generator with transmitted reference for on-chip wireless interconnects

In this paper, a CMOS ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse generator is designed in IBM 90 nm technology for on-chip wireless interconnect applications. A UWB pulse is generated using the triangular pulse generation technique. The output pulse is OOK modulated according to data and each data bit is preceded by a reference pulse. A maximum data rate of 2.5 Gb/s with transmitted reference is achieved when the pulse repetition rate of the input clock is 5 GHz. The pulse width is about 60 ps and the peak-to-peak amplitude is 502 mV with −3 dB bandwidth of 20 GHz from 15 to 35 GHz. The pulse generator dissipates no static current with dynamic energy consumption of only 1.42 pJ per pulse from 1.2 V supply. High transmission rate and ultra low power consumption make this simple circuit attractive for on-chip wireless interconnects.

Retrieving and smoothing fundamental waves from noise corrupted ECG beat using Gaussian functions

ECG denoising is a prerequisite for modeling, detecting various artifacts, measuring component waveforms and for almost all computational analysis of ECG signal. Gaussian waveform is a good candidate for ECG modeling due to its similarity with the characteristic waves of ECG beat. This paper presents a novel method for denoising and smoothing ECG signal using Gaussian functions. The advantage of Gaussian modeling is that by fitting Gaussian waveforms it inherently extracts the fundamental waveforms from the noisy signal, removes wrinkles and makes the signal sufficiently smooth for accurate detection and measurement of the on-set and off-set of the characteristic waves. Sixteen Gaussian waves are used to model each noisy ECG beat. The proposed algorithm has been applied on ECG signals with different SNR values. The results show significant improvement in the output SNR.

Implementation of multimedia touch system with colour detection based computer vision algorithm

Touch screen technology, as an user friendly interface for electronics device is going through a revolutionary improvement. Higher implementation cost makes this technology unsuitable for big display screen like multimedia display. The proposed technology in this paper provides touch screen facility to big multimedia display which is highly cost effective and easy to implement. An efficient colour detection based computer vision algorithm is used to recognize hand gesture pattern to execute different commands for interacting with multimedia system.