Muhlis Macit

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on performance and meat quality traits of Morkaraman male lambs.

This research was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on meat quality traits of approximate 8 months of age Morkaraman male lambs. The lambs were divided into two groups-control (CG, n=7) and experimental (VG, n=6)-at the beginning of fattening period. The diet given to the CG and VG consisted of concentrate and grass hay. In addition, the VG received a supplement of 45 mg vitamin E per lamb in a day during a 75-day fattening period. At the end of the study, average daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency values as to feed basis were found to be 208 g and 6.3 for CG and 223 g and 6.0 for VG groups, respectively. Vitamin E supplementation resulted in 8.8% improvement in feed conversion efficiency. In the same way, vitamin E supplementation resulted in 6.7% increase in daily weight gain. Slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs were also determined, but fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics were not significantly different between groups. The effects of vitamin E on meat characteristics, meat colour (L*, a* and b*), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content (TBARS), drip loss and pH were determined using m. longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles obtained from CG and VG. Though the effect of vitamin E supplementation on most of the meat quality traits was not statistically significant (P>0.05), L* and a* values in LD muscle from VG were preserved for a period of 12 days of maturation. In addition, a* (redness) tended to increase slightly. TBARS values in samples from CG were found to be higher than those of vitamin E treatment group. In this study, it was also concluded that drip loss was relatively preserved by vitamin E supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation of Morkaraman male lambs at an inclusion rate over the amount of nutritional recommendations, significantly reduced lipid oxidation, drip loss and tended to maintain meat redness.

Prediction of Body Weight from Body Measurements in Morkaraman Sheep

Abstract Topai, M. and Macit, M. 2004. Prediction of body weight from body measurements in Morkaraman sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 97–100. In this research, linear regression models were used for estimation of body weights from various body measurements in Morkaraman sheep. Simple and multiple regression models were fitted with body weight (BW) as dependent variable and body length (BL), heart depth (HD), height at wither (HW), chest width (CW), heart girth (HG) and pump width (PW) as independent variables. The model including heart girth was the best fitted simple regression model (R3 p=0.752, MSEp =10.944, Cp=8.771) and the model including heart girth and pump width was the best fitted multiple regression model (R2 p=0.784, MSEp =9.678, Cp=1.846). The highest correlation (0.867) was determined, between HG and BW and the lowest correlation (-0.014) was determined between CW and BL. According to variance inflation factors, multicollinearity among body measurements was not determined.

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs grazed on pasture and supported with concentrate

Abstract Growth and slaughter and carcass traits of Awassi (A), Morkaraman (M) and Tushin (T) lambs weaned at 2.5 months of age were evaluated. The lambs were fed a concentrate mixture and allowed to graze for 70 days. M lambs showed the highest performance in daily weight gain and the amount of concentrate consumed in addition to grazing on pasture per unit body weight gain. The effects of breed and sex of lamb on daily weight gain on pasture were significant and highly significant, respectively. Male lambs were superior to female lambs with respect to daily weight gain. Hot carcass of M lambs was heavier than those of A and T lambs. M had higher dressing percentage and larger M. longissimus dorsi area than those of A and T lambs. The proportions of wholesale cuts such as loin, sirloin, rib and hindshank were affected by breed. T lambs showed better performance than M lambs in proportion of loin cuts. In addition, the proportion of sirloin and rib cuts for A lambs was found to be higher than that of M lambs. M lambs had significantly higher proportion of hindshank than those of A and T lambs.

Growth performance of purebred Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs and their crosses under semi-intensive management in Turkey

Growth performance of 168 Awassi (A), Morkaraman (M), Tushin (T) purebred lambs and their crosses AxM, MxT, AxM and TxM reared under semi-intensive management in Turkey were evaluated. The lambs grazed on pasture for 84 days and were provided with a concentrate diet (1.5-2.0% of their live weight). Birth weight and average daily weight gain during the pre-grazing period for M, A, T, MxT, AxM and TxM crossbred lambs were 2.91, 3.61, 3.70, 4.30, 2.63, and 3.79kg and 186, 129, 160, 160, 163, and 168g, respectively. Corresponding estimates were 20, 15, 15, 17, 20 and 19kg for initial fattening weight; 168, 169, 160, 176, 174 and 184g for average daily weight gain on fattening, and 34, 30, 28, 32, 35, and 34kg for final fattening weight, respectively. The amounts of concentrate consumed per kg weight gain in addition to grazing on pasture for purebred and crossbred lambs were 1.89, 1.86, and 1.97 and, 1.78, 1.82, and 1.71kg, respectively. The genotype of lamb and type of birth significantly affected the birth weight. Besides the genotype and the type of birth, age of dam and sex had a significant influence on the average daily weight gain during the pre-grazing period. Average daily weight gain during the fattening period was significantly affected by sex.

Determination of Best Fitted Regression Model for Estimation of Body Weight in Awassi Sheep

Abstract Topal, M., Yildiz, N., Esenbuğa, N., Aksakal, V., Macit, M. and Özdemir, M. 2003. Determination of best fitted regression model for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 201–208. In this research, linear regression models were improved for estimation of body weights using various body measurements from Awassi sheep. Simple and multiple regression models were formed when body weight (BW) was dependent variable and body length (BL), heart depth (HD), height at wither (HW), height at shoulder (HS), shin girth (SG), chest width (CW), heart girth (HG), pump width (PW) were independent variables. The best-fitted regression model for estimation of body weight was determined by using mean square error (MSEp), R2 p and Cp statistics. The model including body length, heart depth, heart girth and pump width was the best fitted model (R2 P=0.851, MSEP =8.803, Cp=5.972) for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep in this study.

Effects of Feeding Tallow and Plant Fat to Laying Hens on Performance, Egg Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk

Abstract Celebi, S. and Macit, M. 2009. Effects of feeding tallow and plant fat to laying hens on performance, egg quality and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 36: 49–52. To determine the effects of sources of supplemental fat 200 Isa Brown layers were equally divided in 5 groups and assigned randomly to be fed ad libitum a standard commercial layer feed (BD), BD+ 4% tallow (T), BD+ mixture of 2% tallow and 2% flaxseed oil (MTFO), BD+ 4% sunflower oil (SO) and BD+ 4% flaxseed oil (FO) for 8 weeks. Dietary fat supplemantion affected the laying performance, but had no (P>0.05) effect on egg quality parameters. The supplemental tallow increased concentration of saturated fatty acids (palmitic: 29.10%, stearic: 10.17%). The proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acids in egg yolks for layers fed the diet containing 4% sunflower oil were higher than other diets. The concentration of oleic acid (40.08%) was the highest in layers receiving 2% tallow + 2% flaxseed oil diet. In addition, dietary flaxseed oil increased the concentration of α-linolenic (4.15%) and DHA (2.54%) in yolk at the expense of other unsaturated fatty acids. It is concluded that dietary animal and plant fats can be used to modify composition of egg yolk.

Effect of Dietary Ram Horn Hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and Color Characteristics of Carcasses, Breast Fillets and Drumsticks of Broilers

This study was conducted to define the effects of ram horn hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and color properties of carcasses and dissected products in broilers. Two-hundred and forty male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were fed with basal diets supplied with RHH for 4 wks. Chicks were allocated to four dietary treatments (H0, H1, H2 and H3 groups) in a completely randomized experimental design. Feed and water were offered ad libitum consumption and lightening was continuous throughout the experimental period. H0 group was fed only the basal diet and given normal drinking water. Treatment groups were fed with basal diet plus a 1% (H1), 2% (H2), and 3% (H3)-RHH-added water in place of normal drinking water to meet the daily water requirements of chickens from 1 to 28 days of ages. At the end of the trial all birds were slaughtered, then the ranges of pH and skin color of carcasses were determined at various times during the first 24 hour (1, 3, 7, 12, 17, and 24). After standard dissection of carcasses, breasts and drumsticks were divided into two groups for vacuum and aerobic packaging. Packed breasts and drumsticks were stored at 3 60.58 C, for 12 days, and the color values were determined. The pH values of H3 group were lower than those of H0, H1 and H2 groups (p < 0.05). The lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values increased during the 24-h period. The H0 group had the higher b* values than those of RHH-added groups (p < 0.05). The L*, a* and b* values of drumstick meats were higher than those of the breast meats (p < 0.05). The values of b* in aerobic packaged breasts and drumsticks were higher than the vacuum packaged (p < 0.05) treatments. The b* values increased with storage. The a* values of RHH-supplied groups were higher than that of the control (p < 0.05), while b* value of control was higher than those of the RHH-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). While the L* and b* values of drumstick skin were higher than that of drumstick meat, a* values in drumstick meats were higher (p < 0.05). The vacuum packaging increased the a* value during storage. As a result, the use of RHH in broiler diets had a significant effect on the L*, a*, and b* values of carcasses and dissected tissue (p < 0.01).

Effect of Days on Feed on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red Young Bulls

Abstract Ünlü, N., Yanar, M., Esenbuga, N., Özl ütürk, A., Yüksel, S. and Macit, M. 2008. Effect of days on feed on the performance and carcass characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red young bulls. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 34: 163–168. Thirty two native Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) young bulls (10 mo) were fed to study the effect of days on feed (168, 210 or 270 d) on performance. With increasing age, rate of weight gain decreased but dressing per cent increased with decrease in non—carcass components. Almost all body fats and marbling score increased with longer feeding period. Meat from longer fed animals was rated higher for flavour intensity and tenderness score, which observation was substantiated by a decrease in Warner Bratzler Shear Value and number of chews before swallow. It was concluded that the native EAR cattle at 10 months of age should be fed intensively for a minimum of 270 d in order to get a large carcass without compromising meat quality.

Estimation of Optimum Fattening Period in Broilers

Abstract Dağdemir, V., Demir, and Macit, M. 2007. Estimation of optimum fattening period in broilers. J. Appl.Anim. Res., 31: 159–160. The optimum fattening period of broilers was estimated by a mathematical function using weight gain and feed intake data of a previous study conducted on 910 day-old chicks at IPC Livestock Barneveld College, The Netherlands. Forty one day fattening period has been recommended to be optimum fattening period. But calculated optimum fattening period can vary according to chicken meat and feed prices. When feed price is low and chicken meat price is high, fattening period can increase.

Crude Protein Degradation of Some Energy Feeds Measured by Nylon Bag Technique

Abstract Turgut, L., Macit, M. and Karaoğlu, M. 2004. Crude protein degradation of some energy feeds measured by nylon bag technique. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 81–84. This study was carried out to determine degradability of crude protein (CP), feed value parameters (α, b, a+b and c) and effective crude protein degradability (ECPD) by in sacco (nylon bag) technique for some commonly used energy feeds (barley, wheat, wheat bran) produced in Erzurum province. Three ruminally cannulated Morkaraman rams of 2 years were used in this research. The energy feeds were incubated for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Effective degradability were calculated using rumen outflow rate (k) (0.05/h) coefficient obtained from Neway P.C. package program. Results obtained by the nylon bag technique indicated that the crude protein degradability values at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h seem lower in barley than in wheat and wheat bran but wheat grain had higher values at all of the incubation periods except for at 2 h than those of wheat bran and barley. The crude protein degradability values of wheat and wheat bran at 8, 16 and 24 h incubation periods are close to each other.