Nurinisa Esenbuga

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on performance and meat quality traits of Morkaraman male lambs.

This research was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on meat quality traits of approximate 8 months of age Morkaraman male lambs. The lambs were divided into two groups-control (CG, n=7) and experimental (VG, n=6)-at the beginning of fattening period. The diet given to the CG and VG consisted of concentrate and grass hay. In addition, the VG received a supplement of 45 mg vitamin E per lamb in a day during a 75-day fattening period. At the end of the study, average daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency values as to feed basis were found to be 208 g and 6.3 for CG and 223 g and 6.0 for VG groups, respectively. Vitamin E supplementation resulted in 8.8% improvement in feed conversion efficiency. In the same way, vitamin E supplementation resulted in 6.7% increase in daily weight gain. Slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs were also determined, but fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics were not significantly different between groups. The effects of vitamin E on meat characteristics, meat colour (L*, a* and b*), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content (TBARS), drip loss and pH were determined using m. longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles obtained from CG and VG. Though the effect of vitamin E supplementation on most of the meat quality traits was not statistically significant (P>0.05), L* and a* values in LD muscle from VG were preserved for a period of 12 days of maturation. In addition, a* (redness) tended to increase slightly. TBARS values in samples from CG were found to be higher than those of vitamin E treatment group. In this study, it was also concluded that drip loss was relatively preserved by vitamin E supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation of Morkaraman male lambs at an inclusion rate over the amount of nutritional recommendations, significantly reduced lipid oxidation, drip loss and tended to maintain meat redness.

Physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of ram lamb carcasses from four fat-tailed genotypes.

Physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of 20 ram lambs representing four fat-tailed genotypes Awassi, Red Karaman, Tushin and AwassixTushin were compared. After slaughter, carcasses were chilled at 5 degrees C for 24h, graded and evaluated. Then, the carcasses were dissected into wholesale cuts and longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were excised. The muscles were subjected to moisture, protein, fat and ash analyses and they were cooked to evaluate palatability. Cold carcass weight of RK and AxT lambs were heavier (P<0.01) than those of A and T lambs. AxT crossbreds had higher (P<0.05) cold dressing percentage and larger LD area than T lambs. However, the influence of genotype on the proportion of boneless retail cuts and marbling were not significant. Most of the proportions of wholesale cuts except for sirloin and flank were not affected by the genotype. The sensory panel found the meat from all genotypes acceptable (tenderness, juiciness, flavor and acceptability). Chemical composition of meat from the different genotype was not significantly different. The study reveals generally insignificant differences in chemical, physical and organoleptic properties between fat-tailed lambs with different genetic backgrounds.

Fattening performance, carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of calves sired by Charolais, Simmental and Eastern Anatolian Red sires mated to Eastern Anatolian Red dams

Comparisons were made among calves sired by Charolais (C), Simmental (S) and Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) breeds of bulls for fattening, carcass and meat quality traits when mated to EAR dams. C- and S-sired calves had 43.1% and 36.4% higher daily weight gain, 44.5% and 43.9% heavier final weight in fattening, respectively. Calves produced by C sires had best feed efficiency value (6.51 vs. 7.44 and 7.22) compared to the S and EAR sire breed groups. Carcasses of C- and S-sired calves had heavier weight, higher dressing percentage and greater Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle area than those of EAR-sired calves. USDA yield grades were lower (P<0.01) for carcasses from C and S sires, and highest for carcasses from EAR calves. C-sired calves received higher (P<0.01) ratings for panel tenderness score, lower shear force value and number of chews before swallow than S- and EAR-sired progeny. Overall results of the study suggested that fattening performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics might be considerably improved by using C sires in the crossbreeding program as sire breed.

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs grazed on pasture and supported with concentrate

Abstract Growth and slaughter and carcass traits of Awassi (A), Morkaraman (M) and Tushin (T) lambs weaned at 2.5 months of age were evaluated. The lambs were fed a concentrate mixture and allowed to graze for 70 days. M lambs showed the highest performance in daily weight gain and the amount of concentrate consumed in addition to grazing on pasture per unit body weight gain. The effects of breed and sex of lamb on daily weight gain on pasture were significant and highly significant, respectively. Male lambs were superior to female lambs with respect to daily weight gain. Hot carcass of M lambs was heavier than those of A and T lambs. M had higher dressing percentage and larger M. longissimus dorsi area than those of A and T lambs. The proportions of wholesale cuts such as loin, sirloin, rib and hindshank were affected by breed. T lambs showed better performance than M lambs in proportion of loin cuts. In addition, the proportion of sirloin and rib cuts for A lambs was found to be higher than that of M lambs. M lambs had significantly higher proportion of hindshank than those of A and T lambs.

Growth performance of purebred Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs and their crosses under semi-intensive management in Turkey

Growth performance of 168 Awassi (A), Morkaraman (M), Tushin (T) purebred lambs and their crosses AxM, MxT, AxM and TxM reared under semi-intensive management in Turkey were evaluated. The lambs grazed on pasture for 84 days and were provided with a concentrate diet (1.5-2.0% of their live weight). Birth weight and average daily weight gain during the pre-grazing period for M, A, T, MxT, AxM and TxM crossbred lambs were 2.91, 3.61, 3.70, 4.30, 2.63, and 3.79kg and 186, 129, 160, 160, 163, and 168g, respectively. Corresponding estimates were 20, 15, 15, 17, 20 and 19kg for initial fattening weight; 168, 169, 160, 176, 174 and 184g for average daily weight gain on fattening, and 34, 30, 28, 32, 35, and 34kg for final fattening weight, respectively. The amounts of concentrate consumed per kg weight gain in addition to grazing on pasture for purebred and crossbred lambs were 1.89, 1.86, and 1.97 and, 1.78, 1.82, and 1.71kg, respectively. The genotype of lamb and type of birth significantly affected the birth weight. Besides the genotype and the type of birth, age of dam and sex had a significant influence on the average daily weight gain during the pre-grazing period. Average daily weight gain during the fattening period was significantly affected by sex.

Determination of Best Fitted Regression Model for Estimation of Body Weight in Awassi Sheep

Abstract Topal, M., Yildiz, N., Esenbuğa, N., Aksakal, V., Macit, M. and Özdemir, M. 2003. Determination of best fitted regression model for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 201–208. In this research, linear regression models were improved for estimation of body weights using various body measurements from Awassi sheep. Simple and multiple regression models were formed when body weight (BW) was dependent variable and body length (BL), heart depth (HD), height at wither (HW), height at shoulder (HS), shin girth (SG), chest width (CW), heart girth (HG), pump width (PW) were independent variables. The best-fitted regression model for estimation of body weight was determined by using mean square error (MSEp), R2 p and Cp statistics. The model including body length, heart depth, heart girth and pump width was the best fitted model (R2 P=0.851, MSEP =8.803, Cp=5.972) for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep in this study.

Effect of Dietary Ram Horn Hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and Color Characteristics of Carcasses, Breast Fillets and Drumsticks of Broilers

This study was conducted to define the effects of ram horn hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and color properties of carcasses and dissected products in broilers. Two-hundred and forty male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were fed with basal diets supplied with RHH for 4 wks. Chicks were allocated to four dietary treatments (H0, H1, H2 and H3 groups) in a completely randomized experimental design. Feed and water were offered ad libitum consumption and lightening was continuous throughout the experimental period. H0 group was fed only the basal diet and given normal drinking water. Treatment groups were fed with basal diet plus a 1% (H1), 2% (H2), and 3% (H3)-RHH-added water in place of normal drinking water to meet the daily water requirements of chickens from 1 to 28 days of ages. At the end of the trial all birds were slaughtered, then the ranges of pH and skin color of carcasses were determined at various times during the first 24 hour (1, 3, 7, 12, 17, and 24). After standard dissection of carcasses, breasts and drumsticks were divided into two groups for vacuum and aerobic packaging. Packed breasts and drumsticks were stored at 3 60.58 C, for 12 days, and the color values were determined. The pH values of H3 group were lower than those of H0, H1 and H2 groups (p < 0.05). The lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values increased during the 24-h period. The H0 group had the higher b* values than those of RHH-added groups (p < 0.05). The L*, a* and b* values of drumstick meats were higher than those of the breast meats (p < 0.05). The values of b* in aerobic packaged breasts and drumsticks were higher than the vacuum packaged (p < 0.05) treatments. The b* values increased with storage. The a* values of RHH-supplied groups were higher than that of the control (p < 0.05), while b* value of control was higher than those of the RHH-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). While the L* and b* values of drumstick skin were higher than that of drumstick meat, a* values in drumstick meats were higher (p < 0.05). The vacuum packaging increased the a* value during storage. As a result, the use of RHH in broiler diets had a significant effect on the L*, a*, and b* values of carcasses and dissected tissue (p < 0.01).

Effect of Days on Feed on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red Young Bulls

Abstract Ünlü, N., Yanar, M., Esenbuga, N., Özl ütürk, A., Yüksel, S. and Macit, M. 2008. Effect of days on feed on the performance and carcass characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red young bulls. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 34: 163–168. Thirty two native Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) young bulls (10 mo) were fed to study the effect of days on feed (168, 210 or 270 d) on performance. With increasing age, rate of weight gain decreased but dressing per cent increased with decrease in non—carcass components. Almost all body fats and marbling score increased with longer feeding period. Meat from longer fed animals was rated higher for flavour intensity and tenderness score, which observation was substantiated by a decrease in Warner Bratzler Shear Value and number of chews before swallow. It was concluded that the native EAR cattle at 10 months of age should be fed intensively for a minimum of 270 d in order to get a large carcass without compromising meat quality.

Estimation of growth curve characteristics of Hemsin male and female sheep

In the present study, we examined the suitability of seven asymptotic nonlinear models to describe body weight growth of Hemsin male and female sheep from birth to 36 months of age and, using the selected functions, to provide a biological interpretation for this growth. The weight–age data for this study were obtained from records of 108 Hemsin female and male sheep held in variety breeder flocks of Artvin province in Turkey. The sheep records were collected between 2008 and 2010 with measurements taken at birth, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, and 36th months of age. Body weight–age data from Hemsin sheep were used to obtain a growth pattern for sheep, with the use of Negative exponential, Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Bertalanffy, Richards, and Janoschek nonlinear functions. Comparisons between these functions were based on coefficients of determination and residual squared error. The R2 values of the models ranged from 0.971 to 0.989 for males and from 0.951 to 0.991 for males. In both sexes, the Brody, Richards, and Janoschek models, with equal R2 as 0.99, were superior to the others. However, the Brody was precise on its parameters and easy to interpret than Richards and Janoschek functions.

Effect of Cage Density on Performance and Egg Quality Traits of Layers

Abstract Şahin, S., Macit, M., Esenbuğa, N. and Karaca, H. 2007. Effect of cage density on performance and egg quality traits of layers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 37–39. This experiment was carried out to assess the effect of cage density levels of 4, 5 and 6 birds per cage, at 540 (low-density=L), 432 (normal-density=N) and 360 (high-density-H) cm,2/hen densities, on performance and egg quality traits in Lohmann layers. Hens placed in?—density and N-density cages had lower feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR), but similar egg production. However, averages of live weight gain were adversely affected at the highest density level. There were no differences among groups in terms of egg quality parameters. A cage density of 360 cm2/hen may be recommended for laying hens weighing 1.5 to 1.7 kg.