Mevlut Karaoglu

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on performance and meat quality traits of Morkaraman male lambs.

This research was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on meat quality traits of approximate 8 months of age Morkaraman male lambs. The lambs were divided into two groups-control (CG, n=7) and experimental (VG, n=6)-at the beginning of fattening period. The diet given to the CG and VG consisted of concentrate and grass hay. In addition, the VG received a supplement of 45 mg vitamin E per lamb in a day during a 75-day fattening period. At the end of the study, average daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency values as to feed basis were found to be 208 g and 6.3 for CG and 223 g and 6.0 for VG groups, respectively. Vitamin E supplementation resulted in 8.8% improvement in feed conversion efficiency. In the same way, vitamin E supplementation resulted in 6.7% increase in daily weight gain. Slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs were also determined, but fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics were not significantly different between groups. The effects of vitamin E on meat characteristics, meat colour (L*, a* and b*), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content (TBARS), drip loss and pH were determined using m. longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles obtained from CG and VG. Though the effect of vitamin E supplementation on most of the meat quality traits was not statistically significant (P>0.05), L* and a* values in LD muscle from VG were preserved for a period of 12 days of maturation. In addition, a* (redness) tended to increase slightly. TBARS values in samples from CG were found to be higher than those of vitamin E treatment group. In this study, it was also concluded that drip loss was relatively preserved by vitamin E supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation of Morkaraman male lambs at an inclusion rate over the amount of nutritional recommendations, significantly reduced lipid oxidation, drip loss and tended to maintain meat redness.

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs grazed on pasture and supported with concentrate

Abstract Growth and slaughter and carcass traits of Awassi (A), Morkaraman (M) and Tushin (T) lambs weaned at 2.5 months of age were evaluated. The lambs were fed a concentrate mixture and allowed to graze for 70 days. M lambs showed the highest performance in daily weight gain and the amount of concentrate consumed in addition to grazing on pasture per unit body weight gain. The effects of breed and sex of lamb on daily weight gain on pasture were significant and highly significant, respectively. Male lambs were superior to female lambs with respect to daily weight gain. Hot carcass of M lambs was heavier than those of A and T lambs. M had higher dressing percentage and larger M. longissimus dorsi area than those of A and T lambs. The proportions of wholesale cuts such as loin, sirloin, rib and hindshank were affected by breed. T lambs showed better performance than M lambs in proportion of loin cuts. In addition, the proportion of sirloin and rib cuts for A lambs was found to be higher than that of M lambs. M lambs had significantly higher proportion of hindshank than those of A and T lambs.

Growth performance of purebred Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs and their crosses under semi-intensive management in Turkey

Growth performance of 168 Awassi (A), Morkaraman (M), Tushin (T) purebred lambs and their crosses AxM, MxT, AxM and TxM reared under semi-intensive management in Turkey were evaluated. The lambs grazed on pasture for 84 days and were provided with a concentrate diet (1.5-2.0% of their live weight). Birth weight and average daily weight gain during the pre-grazing period for M, A, T, MxT, AxM and TxM crossbred lambs were 2.91, 3.61, 3.70, 4.30, 2.63, and 3.79kg and 186, 129, 160, 160, 163, and 168g, respectively. Corresponding estimates were 20, 15, 15, 17, 20 and 19kg for initial fattening weight; 168, 169, 160, 176, 174 and 184g for average daily weight gain on fattening, and 34, 30, 28, 32, 35, and 34kg for final fattening weight, respectively. The amounts of concentrate consumed per kg weight gain in addition to grazing on pasture for purebred and crossbred lambs were 1.89, 1.86, and 1.97 and, 1.78, 1.82, and 1.71kg, respectively. The genotype of lamb and type of birth significantly affected the birth weight. Besides the genotype and the type of birth, age of dam and sex had a significant influence on the average daily weight gain during the pre-grazing period. Average daily weight gain during the fattening period was significantly affected by sex.

Effects of organically-complexed minerals on meat quality in chickens

1. The impact of combined lower concentrations of organically-complexed versus inorganic copper, zinc and manganese on meat quality in chickens was investigated. 2. A total of 200 male broiler chicks (Ross-308), 1-d-old and weighing approximately 40 g, were divided into 4 groups comprising three experimental groups and one control group, with each consisting of 50 chicks. All groups were also divided into 5 subgroups, with each containing 10 broiler chicks. 3. All birds were given a starter diet from d 1 to d 21, and a grower diet from d 22 to d 49. The diets were formulated according to the NRC recommendations. 4. The mineral contents of the control diet were supplied using a standard inorganic mineral premix (containing 8 mg Cu as CuSO4, 40 mg Zn as ZnSO4, and 60 mg Mn as MnO, per kg). For the experimental diets, a mineral premix was prepared using organically complexed forms of those minerals at 1/3 (L1), 2/3 (L2) and 3/3 (L3) proportions. 5. After slaughtering and evisceration, the carcases were stored at 3 ± 0·5°C for 10–12 h, and then the breast fillets removed from the carcases, and stored in a deep-freezer (−86°C) until analysis (for 30 d). For analyses, the breast muscles were then thawed at 4–6°C for 24 h. 6. The concentration of organically complexed mineral in the diet had no statistically significant effect on pH values of breast fillets. Treatments significantly affected the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) values. 7. Lightness (L* value) of the fillet from broilers fed the diet containing inorganic minerals was significantly lower than that for broilers fed on the diets containing organically complexed minerals. The redness (a* value) and Chroma (C* value) significantly decreased while Hues (H* value) were higher in the fillet from broilers fed organically complexed minerals compared with those fed inorganic minerals. The yellowness (b* value) was not changed by dietary treatment.

Effect of Dietary Ram Horn Hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and Color Characteristics of Carcasses, Breast Fillets and Drumsticks of Broilers

This study was conducted to define the effects of ram horn hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and color properties of carcasses and dissected products in broilers. Two-hundred and forty male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were fed with basal diets supplied with RHH for 4 wks. Chicks were allocated to four dietary treatments (H0, H1, H2 and H3 groups) in a completely randomized experimental design. Feed and water were offered ad libitum consumption and lightening was continuous throughout the experimental period. H0 group was fed only the basal diet and given normal drinking water. Treatment groups were fed with basal diet plus a 1% (H1), 2% (H2), and 3% (H3)-RHH-added water in place of normal drinking water to meet the daily water requirements of chickens from 1 to 28 days of ages. At the end of the trial all birds were slaughtered, then the ranges of pH and skin color of carcasses were determined at various times during the first 24 hour (1, 3, 7, 12, 17, and 24). After standard dissection of carcasses, breasts and drumsticks were divided into two groups for vacuum and aerobic packaging. Packed breasts and drumsticks were stored at 3 60.58 C, for 12 days, and the color values were determined. The pH values of H3 group were lower than those of H0, H1 and H2 groups (p < 0.05). The lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values increased during the 24-h period. The H0 group had the higher b* values than those of RHH-added groups (p < 0.05). The L*, a* and b* values of drumstick meats were higher than those of the breast meats (p < 0.05). The values of b* in aerobic packaged breasts and drumsticks were higher than the vacuum packaged (p < 0.05) treatments. The b* values increased with storage. The a* values of RHH-supplied groups were higher than that of the control (p < 0.05), while b* value of control was higher than those of the RHH-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). While the L* and b* values of drumstick skin were higher than that of drumstick meat, a* values in drumstick meats were higher (p < 0.05). The vacuum packaging increased the a* value during storage. As a result, the use of RHH in broiler diets had a significant effect on the L*, a*, and b* values of carcasses and dissected tissue (p < 0.01).

Crude Protein Degradation of Some Energy Feeds Measured by Nylon Bag Technique

Abstract Turgut, L., Macit, M. and Karaoğlu, M. 2004. Crude protein degradation of some energy feeds measured by nylon bag technique. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 81–84. This study was carried out to determine degradability of crude protein (CP), feed value parameters (α, b, a+b and c) and effective crude protein degradability (ECPD) by in sacco (nylon bag) technique for some commonly used energy feeds (barley, wheat, wheat bran) produced in Erzurum province. Three ruminally cannulated Morkaraman rams of 2 years were used in this research. The energy feeds were incubated for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Effective degradability were calculated using rumen outflow rate (k) (0.05/h) coefficient obtained from Neway P.C. package program. Results obtained by the nylon bag technique indicated that the crude protein degradability values at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h seem lower in barley than in wheat and wheat bran but wheat grain had higher values at all of the incubation periods except for at 2 h than those of wheat bran and barley. The crude protein degradability values of wheat and wheat bran at 8, 16 and 24 h incubation periods are close to each other.

Growth Curve Characteristics in Morkaraman and Awassi Sheep: II. Genetic and Environmental Aspects

Abstract Bilgin, O.C., Esenbuga, N., Macit, M. and Karaoglu, M. 2004. Growth curve characteristics in Morkaraman and Awassi sheep: II. Genetic and environmental aspects. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 26: 7–12. To examine effects of environmental factors such as year of birth, type of birth and age of dam on the growth curve parameters estimated by the Brody model using weight-age data from 54 Morkaraman and 79 Awassi sheep, least squares means, standard errors of growth curve parameters and weight at specified ages were estimated. Estimates of heritability along with genetic and environmental correlations between growth curve parameters were evaluated. The results indicated that selection for 12-month weight or later will result in a correlated response in mature weight.

Estimation of Variance Components and Heritabilities of Growth Characteristics in Morkaraman Lambs Using Different Statistical Methods

Abstract Bilgin, O.C., Esenbuga, N., Macit, M. and Karaoglu, M. 2004. Estimation of variance components and heritabilities of growth characteristics in Morkaraman lambs using different statistical methods. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 26: 83–88. Hendersons method 3, maximum likelihood (ML), restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation (MIVQUE) methods were used to estimate variance components and to predict heritabilities of birth weight, weaning weight and daily weight gain until weaning in Morkaraman lambs. The different variance components methods gave similar results. The moderately-high estimate of heritability for weaning weight, demonstrates an opportunity for improvement of this trait through genetic selection.

Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Awassi, Tushin and Awassi x Tushin (F1) Lambs Under Grazing with Concentrate Supplementation

Abstract Esenbuga, N., Macit, M. and Karaoglu, M. 2002. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi, Tushin and Awassi x Tushin (F1) lambs under grazing with concentrate supplementation. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 21: 57–64. Growth performance, slaughter traits and carcass characteristics of Awassi (A), Tushin (T) and AwassixTushin (AxT) male and female lambs weaned at 2.5 months of age and subjected to semi intensive feeding during grazing period for 70 days were evaluated. There was no difference among genotypes in terms of daily weight gain and the amount of concentrate feed consumed in addition to pasture per unit live weight gain. AxT crossbreds had larger (P<0.05) longissimus dorsi (LD) area and hot dressing percentage. Rib, hindshank and kidney fat were significantly (P<0.05; P<0.01) affected by the genotype. The crossbred lambs were superior to both A and T lambs in terms of certain carcass traits.