N. M. Zainuddin

Conceptual framework of hydroxyapatite for damaged skull through design approach

Hydroxyapatite has become a significant study especially in clinical orthopedic usage. It was first explored as coating material for bone which was then figured as bone implant or synthetic bone with the ability to grow as natural bone through studies in fabrication and material engineering. With excessive research on the material, properties of hydroxyapatite has been improved. The interesting study of hydroxyapatite has triggered into various application exploration. This paper discussed on the application of hydroxyapatite for damaged skull cases through design approach. The framework will describe on the current findings of hydroxyapatite material development and methods of the proposed application, which is through slip casting technique. The positive role of a designer in the process of obtaining a solution to transfer the lab-scale knowledge into manufacturing process will hopefully bring further assistance especially in generating a more cost conducive material and affordable hydroxyapatite for future benefit of damaged skull patient.

Humanistic study in ceramic cereal breakfast set as children learning tool

Children are born with their bold exploration nature. They regard eating as part of their learning process. Taking advantage of breakfast cereal intake benefits, the research is proposing a ceramic set that could aid in children learning. Most breakfast set currently available in the market is not attentive to children need and lacking in humanistic design. Based on study of children behaviour and learning style preference, a ceramic breakfast set design is proposed by consolidating the visual, verbal and kinaesthetic element in the humanistic design catered for children cognitive activity. The design involved both end user interest and manufacturing aspects by manipulating basic shapes and form, and also locking system.

How Designer Metaphorically Transforms Subject Matter into New Design Concept

Form inspiration is one of the approaches applied by designers in developing new design concept. The process involves the abstraction stage called metaphor mapping, normally employing two options which consist of literal mapping or abstract mapping. This study observes how a design student works with metaphor mapping using Malay traditional tekat motif, by tracing the outlines of several tekat motif samples.

Escalating Product Identity Through Emphasizing Metaphorical Form Element Principles

Elements of product design are represented by its design structure, defining a product as a whole. These representations are normally built based on the metaphors that connect attributes of a domain of how product will be “seen” or interpreted as. Through design process, the designers apply activities of synthesizing a product involving cognitive aspects on the concept and form development and strategies. The study will be strategizing the outline to uncover the phenomenon that involves metaphor mapping as bridging tool involving visual form element selection during the concept development phase in design process, through visual appearance of a product. This will be achieved through observation of the respondents during the sketching or drawing and how the designers worked the metaphor in conveying or citing the elements in a particular source and domain as ideas and inspirations. The behavior and cognitive of the design practitioners will be conducted through an experiment in artificial environment set up laboratory, guided through a protocol.

The Conceptual Framework of Hydroxyapatite Fiber Structure by Slip-Casting Techniques

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been studied in many fabrication techniques for skull reconstructive material. In previous studies, the study has accomplished fabricating the HA through the conventional slip-casting technique. The study revealed that it is challenging to control the casting due to the fast-drying composition of HA when dispersed in sodium hexametaphosphate. Through another observation on titanium mesh application for skull reconstruction and characteristic of slip-soaked fiber, the study proposed a similar technique by combining these study findings. Fiber mesh material, soaked in HA slip, could have the potential to duplicate the application of titanium mesh. However, the study parameters, especially the selection of the fiber mesh material and the desired thickness, need careful rationalization.

Hydroxyapatite Material Study for Synthetic Skull Design Construction for Slip Casting Method

Hydroxyapatite could be obtained in various methods. In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HA) is obtained from the synthesis method. The sample was tested in XRD to confirm the HA phase. The obtained HA powder will be utilized in a proposed conventional method of ceramic slip casting for a simple manufacturing purpose. Thus, prior to that HA powders obtained were also analysed on its thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that HA powder obtained may face some changes and is stable after 800 °C and remained until 900 °C. This suited with the intended sintering temperature of the future procedure of slip casting. The density of respective prepared HA was also measured and found to have slightly less density compared to the commercial HA.