Nani Fadzlina Naim

Maximizing Network Lifetime with Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

In the research field of Wireless Sensor Networks, how to reduce the energy consumption of WSN so that the lifetime of WSN can be prolonged is one of the hottest spots. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) lifetime is either superficial or impractical, which prevents us from thoroughly understanding the efficiency of these proposed routing protocols. Routing protocols have significant impact on the overall energy consumption of sensor networks. This project present variety of maximizing system lifetime wireless sensor networks with different energy consumption. Energy consumption for three routing protocols had been analyzed which are direct communication, minimum transmission energy and low adaptive energy clustering hierarchy. The energy consumption for Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol give the maximum lifetime compared to the others. Clustering is an energy efficient and scalable way to organize the WSN. The main objective of this research is to maximize the lifetime of the wireless sensor (WSN). Simulation via Matlab shows that by applying energy consumption for LEACH routing protocol had increase the network lifetime by as much as 65.2% compared to DC and MTE.

Real-time monitoring in passive optical networks using a superluminescent LED with uniform and phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings

This paper presents a monitoring system for tree-structured passive optical access networks. The emitted light of a superluminescent LED is utilized as the monitoring source. The light signal that propagates along the fiber to the customer site is then reflected by a uniform or phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is employed near the end of the customer site. The wavelength optimization concept was demonstrated, where one center wavelength or Bragg wavelength is shared by two types of monitoring FBGs. Each FBG represents the distinct location of the optical network unit (ONU)to bemonitored. This technique improves the number of monitored ONUs twofold, since a single Bragg wavelength can be utilized to monitor two independent customers. The results were analyzed using a digital signal processing board that displays the reflection spectra of the FBGs. After identifying the faulty branch, an optical time domain reflectometer can be activated for fault localization. The system is capable of monitoring up to 128 customers while maintaining the bit error rate at 10-9. This real-time, centralized monitoring system demonstrates a low-power and cost efficient monitoring system with low bandwidth requirements.

Recognizing the ripeness of bananas using artificial neural network based on histogram approach

The main objective of this project is to develop a technique to classify the ripeness of bananas into 3 categories, which is unripe, ripe and overripe systematically based on their histogram RGB value components. This system involved the process of collecting samples with different level of ripeness, image processing and image classification by using artificial neural network. Collecting bananas sample is done by using Microsoft NX6000 webcam with 2 mega pixels. 32 samples were used as training samples for artificial neural network. In order to see whether the method mention above can classify the image correctly, another 28 images was used as a testing. From the result obtained, it was shown that the artificial neural network can generally classify the ripeness of bananas. This is because it can classify up to 25 samples correctly out of 28 samples. Developing a program totally by using Matlab version 7.0 can help classification process successfully.

Performance analysis of BPSK and QPSK using error correcting code through AWGN

This paper highlight the performance analysis of BPSK and QPSK using error correcting code. To calculate the bit error rate, different types of error correcting code were used through an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH), Cyclic code and hamming code were used as the encoder/decoder technique. Basically, the performance was determined in term of bit rate error (BER) and signal energy to noise power density ratio (Eb/No). Both BPSK and QPSK were also being compared in the symbol error capability known as t in which expected that the performance is graded in response to the increasing of value of t. All simulations were done using MATLAB R2007b software. In general BCH codes demonstrate better performance than Hamming code and Cyclic code for both BPSK and QPSK.

MySQL Database for Storage of Fingerprint Data

This project presents MySQL database for storage of fingerprint data. The application of the database is for future process, fingerprint matching. In this project, Matlab R2009 is the software used for fingerprint image enhancement and minutia extraction. MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. XAMPP Control Panel V2.5 software is also used for free and open source cross-platform web server package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. It is found that this project shows an efficient and practical data storage of fingerprint.

Modelling of all-optical symmetric Mach-Zehnder switch with asymmetric coupler

Ultra high-speed optical network is developing rapidly as growing capacity demand in telecommunication system is increasing. In these networks, it is desired to carry out switching, routing and processing in optical domain to avoid bottlenecks of optoelectronic conversions. Optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) technique is one option to implement all optical networks. It provides a single data stream at a very high rate (>100 Gbits/s) using a single wavelength. These networks will be based on optical packet switching. The success of these networks depends on how well switching and routing are being done at this very high speed. An all optical switch based on symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with asymmetric coupler (60:40) is proposed. Its characteristics and switching window profiles will be investigated. The results show that symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with asymmetric coupler gives a better contrast ratio rather than symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with normal 50:50 coupler.

Design a microstrip hairpin band-pass filter for 5GHZ unlicensed WiMAX

In this paper, a design of a microstrip hairpin bandpass filter with center frequency of 5.78 GHz is proposed. The filter is designed to operate within 10% operating bandwidth. CST software is fully utilized to simulate the response of hairpin bandpass filter. It will demonstrate the third order of the Tschebyshev elements. The specified pass band insertion loss must not exceed 3dB while the pass band return loss was to be more than 10dB. The filter was fabricated on RT/Duroid 5870 having a relative permittivity of 2.33, and substrate thickness 0.508mm respectively. The filter characteristics were then measured using Wiltron 562 vector network analyzer. The simulation results show a good agreement.

Centralized monitoring and fault localization for passive optical network

A real-time, centralized and cost efficient monitoring and fault localization system is presented. In this system, a superluminescent diode (SLED) is used as the monitoring signal and the signal is reflected by using different types of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs); uniform and phase-shifted FBGs as branch identifiers. We demonstrate the enhancement of monitoring wavelength whereas for a distinct center wavelength, it represents the reflection spectrum of two types of FBG or two branches in the network. Thus, more optical network units (ONUs) can be monitored for the specific monitoring source with limited bandwidth. The system is capable to monitor up to 64 ONUs with BER of 10-15.

OBE performance evaluation tool for Electrical Engineering laboratory

Previously, laboratory assessment method was inconsistent and complex. Due to that reason, an Outcome Based Education (OBE) assessment tool has been implemented at Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FEE), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM). This assessment tool has been designed particularly for laboratory modules and is called Laboratory Sensor Performance Evaluation Course Tool (LAB-SPECT). LAB-SPECT is purposely designed to facilitate lecturers to evaluate students more consistence, precise and less complexity. Students are evaluated in terms of Group Related Skills (GRS) and laboratory reports. The output of the system will be used as the final marks for the students. The output of this system will be used in the Continual Quality Improvement (CQI) report for future enhancement.

WIRELESS REAL-TIME HAZE MONITORING DEVICE

Typically, the information received by public is based on 24-hour PSI from pollutant PM10 The 24-hour PSI reading often cause some confusion as most of the time. It does not correlate visually with the environment as seen with naked eye. Inaccurate reading may bring serious effect to people with respiratory problem. Furthermore, the reading from pollutant PM10 is not accurate as it measures particle matter as small as 10 micrometer in diameter, while the harmful particle matter is smaller than that. This project proposes a real-time portable wireless haze monitoring device, based on pollutant PM2.5 to measure air quality and beaglebone blackcontroller to control the transmission process of measured data taken via wireless data network to the MySQL database. The reading, which is real-time reading and more accurate compared to pollutant PM10, can provide haze awareness and guidance to people to plan their activities.Keywords: PSI; PM10; PM2.5; beaglebone black.