Narisara Thongboonchoo

Influences of biomass burning during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment identified by the regional chemical transport model

(� HCN/� CO � 0.0015) and potassium (� K + /� CO � 0.0038) but very low NOy (� NOy/ � CO � 0.005) mixingratios,whichmaybeassociated withthespecialburning condition in this region. The biomass burning air masses have high ozone production efficiency. The observedO3/� NOz values were � 17 in biomass events and 1.7 in other events. The BB influence on the trace gas distributions can be divided into two categories: the influence through direct reactions and the influence caused by BB aerosols changing J values. These two influences are discussed for the BB-affected TRACE-P flights and for east Asia. The BBinfluencesonchemicalspeciesarenotonlydeterminedbytheBBplumeintensitybutalso bytheambientenvironmentcausedbyotheremissions.InSoutheastAsia,wherethebiogenic emissions are very strong, the OH background concentration is low, and the BB gas-phase compounds mainly contribute to OH production. Arranged in the sensitivity to the J value change caused by BB aerosols, we have OH > HO2 > HCHO > O3 when evaluated on a regional average.AveragedoverMarch,thebiomassburningnetinfluenceisashighas50% forOH,40%forHO2,60%forHCHO,and10ppbvforO3forthelayersbelow1km. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urbanandregional(0305);3337MeteorologyandAtmospheric Dynamics:Numericalmodelingand data assimilation; 3359 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes; KEYWORDS: biomass burning, chemical transport model, TRACE-P, photochemical process, aerosols, radiative influence Citation: Tang, Y., et al., Influences of biomass burning during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment identified by the regional chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 8824, doi:10.1029/2002JD003110, 2003.

Sulfur deposition in Asia : Seasonal behavior and contributions from various energy sectors

Sulfur transport and deposition in Asia, on an annual andseasonal basis, is analyzed using the ATMOS model. Calculationsare performed for two complete years (1990 and 1995). Deposition amounts in excess of 0.5 g S m-2 yr-1 are estimated for large regions in Asia, with values as high as 10 g S m-2 yr-1 in southeastern China. Annual averaged SO2 concentrations in excess of 20 μg SO2 m-3 are calculated for many urban and suburban areas ofeastern China and S. Korea, with an average of 5 μg SO2 m-3 over most of the emitter regions. Sulfur deposition by major source categories is also studied. Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore)receives ∼25% of its sulfur deposition from shipping activities. Sulfur deposition from bio-fuel burning is significant for most of the underdeveloped regions in Asia. Volcanoes are a major source of sulfur emissions in the PacificOcean, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Southern Japan. Sulfur deposition is shown to vary significantly throughout the year.The monsoons are found to be the largest factor controlling sulfur transport and deposition in the Indian sub-continent andSoutheast Asia. India receives over 35% of its total depositionduring the summer months. In East Asia, sulfur deposition isestimated to be 10% higher during summer and fall than winterand spring. Model results are compared with observations from a number of monitoring networks in Asia and are found to be generally consistent with the limited observations.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMISSION INVENTORY SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING TRACE-P AND ACE-ASIA FIELD EXPERIMENTS

New emission inventories were developed in support of the Aerosol Characterization Experiments(ACE)-Asia and Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiments work on. We combine our inventories into the ACCESS(AceAsia and Trace-P Modeling and Emission Support System) for more integrated support for these two field studies. To support field experiments and complex atmospheric models such as STEM-II, highly resolved level of spatial, temporal, and speciescomponent detail are needed in emission inventories. To satisfy these requirements we include not only the gaseous pollutants CO, and NMVOC, but particulate pollutants such as Black Carbon, Organic Carbon, and for the study domain of Asia. Our domain was designed to cover – 13°~53° in latitude and 60°~157° in longitude. It includes 22 Asian countries, 60 subregions. 115 active LPSs and 22 volcanos are also included as point sources. The data system includes information on various emission sources, compiled by fuels and by economic sector activities, and natural emission sources such as volcano and forest fires. So, the methodologies for estimating emission are different between anthropogenic and biomass burning from fires. For anthropogenic emission, we use year 2000 emission database from Argonne National Laboratory. The data themselves are administrative–level estimates recently compiled from official national statistics and projections. For spatial allocation of regional emission, we use geographical data from The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA), Central

Impact Assessment of Growing Asian Megacity Emissions

Urban air pollution in Asia has worsened in the developing countries, a situation driven by population growth, industrialization, and increased vehicle use. With an estimated 3 billion (~55%) urban residents in Asia in 2025 in 10% for CO and NOx at ground level were predicted. Given the growing importance of urban air quality management, we have applied a conceptual integrated assessment modeling system to conduct cost-health benefit analysis for various pollution control options in the city of Shanghai, China. IAMS was applied for PM10 ground level concentrations with sulfate concentrations as a surrogate for secondary particulates. In future, we would like to conduct integrated assessment including other secondary components like nitrates, and secondary organic aerosols. Further advancements in modeling activities like nested grid analysis, will help better understand and manage the urban air quality whose influence on regional and global air quality is growing more than ever.