Neide Judith Faria de Oliveira

Diagnóstico do controle e perfil de sensibilidade de nematódeos de ovinos ao albendazol e ao levamisol no norte de Minas Gerais

The anthelmintic resistance is a major obstacle for the nematode control in ruminants and the presence of multiresistant nematodes could make impracticable the activity in a given area. The objective in this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole and levamisole in sheep herds in northern Minas Gerais. The test was performed on ten farms, where we selected three groups of 12 lambs each. Two of these groups were respectively treated with levamisole (5mg/kg) or albendazole (10mg/kg). The third group did not receive treatment. Feces were collected at 0 and 7 day after treatment for the fecal egg reduction test. The nematode genus was evaluated with the identification of the larvae obtained from culture in the feces pre- and post-treatments. For all evaluated herds the levamisole showed high anthelminthic efficacy, which ranged from 90 to 100%. Only for one herd, the albendazole was effective and for six farms, the efficacy of this drug was less than 80%, considered insufficiently active. After the cultivation of larvae were identified mainly Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. The genus Haemonchus was the most prevalent even after treatment of sheep. It is emphasized the importance of in vivo efficacy tests for choosing anthelmintic drugs, since the susceptibility profile varied among sheep herds evaluated in this study.

Treatment of Bothrops alternatus envenomation by Curcuma longa and Calendula officinalis extracts and ar-turmerone

It was investigated the efficiency of two extracts of plants and one fraction of their properties against the local effects of bothropic envenomation. Bothrops alternatus venom (1.25µg) diluted in 100µl of sterile saline solution was inoculated (intradermally) into the shaved dorsal back skin of 30 New Zealand rabbits. The animals were divided in six groups receiving the following treatments: group I: subcutaneous application of Curcuma longa extract (1.0ml); group II: topic treatment of Curcuma longa hydroalcoholic extract (1.0ml); group III: topic application of ar-turmerone in vaseline (1.0g); group IV: topic application of Curcuma longa methanolic extract (1.0ml); group V: topic application of Calendula officinalis ointment (1.0g); group VI: topic application of saline (1.0ml). These treatments were done at 30 minutes, and at 2, 4, 24 and 72 hours after venom inoculation. Intensity of local edema, hemorrhagic halo and necrosis were evaluated until 168h after that. Additionally, seven days after the Bothrops venom inoculation, blood was collected from heart with and without EDTA (10%) for hemogram and biochemical parameters (total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and fibrinogen) and all the animals were anesthetized, sacrificed by ether inhalation and submitted to necropsy. Fragments of tissues were taken for histopathological evaluation. The most efficient treatment for inhibition of edema, necrosis and local hemorrhage after Bothrops alternatus venom was the topic application of ar-turmerone.

Hemograma, bioquímica sérica e histologia da biópsia hepática de bovinos após administração de polpa cítrica

Hemogram and serum biochemistry (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamiltransferase, total protein, urea, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus) were performed weekly in five crossbreed bovine after consumption of a diet containing citrus pulp pellets (40%), for 43 days. Percutaneous hepatic biopsy and histologic evaluation were performed in each animal before and after consumption of the citrus pulp diet. Hemogram, the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamiltransferase, urea and creatinine had normal levels at the end of the experiment. No histologic lesions were observed in liver samples before or after citrus pulp consumption. However, there was an increase of serum phosphorus and reduction of serum calcium (p<0.05), without hypercalcemia, after consumption of citrus pulp diet. There was also an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05), probably induced by bone isoenzyme.

In vitro and in vivo action of Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth against Haemonchus contortus in sheep.

Anthelminthic resistant populations of Haemonchus contortus are a major problem in sheep rearing, but plant extracts may offer viable alternative treatments. In our preliminary studies, Piptadenia viridiflora was frequently selected by sheep grazing in the Cerrado. The present research evaluated its in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity. The HPLC chromatograms of P. viridiflora aqueous extract (AE) and ethanolic extract (EE) showed the presence of flavonoids. The total condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) was 0.2 and 1.01% in AE and EE, respectively. In an egg hatching inhibition (EHI) test, the LC90 of AE was 2.4mg/mL, and, of EE, was 2.1mg/mL. After tannin extraction, higher EHI and lower LC90 were observed. In a larval development inhibition test, the LC90 of AE was 13.66mg/g of fecal culture. The highest dose of AE administered to mice (203.0mg/kg bw) was well tolerated, suggesting low toxicity. In vivo, AE was orally administered to lambs at 283mg/kg bw, and, at weeks one, two, and three post-treatment, the mean fecal egg count (FEC) was significantly lower than in untreated lambs (P<0.05). Blood parameters were normal and similar in untreated and treated sheep. For all lamb groups, the mean total serum protein was significantly higher at week two post-treatment than at other evaluated periods (P<0.05). Piptadenia viridiflora extracts had low condensed tannin content and exhibited high anthelminthic efficacy in vitro and significantly reduced FEC. Tannins were not shown to be the principal components affecting EHI, hence it is necessary to isolate and characterize the principal active P. viridiflora compounds, and to assess their possible synergism.

Desenvolvimento do trato digestivo de bezerros leiteiros criados em sistema de aleitamento fracionado

ABSTRACT.- Azevedo R.A., Araujo L., Duarte D.V.L., Cruz M.S., Costa S.F., Oliveira N.J.F., Duarte E.R. & Geraseev L.C. 2013. [ Development of the digestive tract of dairy calves reared in a fractionated nursing system. ] Desenvolvimento do trato digestivo de bezer -ros leiteiros criados em sistema de aleitamento fracionado. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 33(7):931-936. Departamento de Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitaria 1000, Montes Claros, MG 39404-547, Bra-zil. E-mail: rafaelzooufmg@gmail.comTo evaluate the effect of the fractionated nursing system in rumen development were used 12 Holstein calves, with an initial body weight average of 37.0 kg, individually main-tained in holding pens. Conventional treatment was made with four liters of milk daily, during 60 days and fractionated nursing was composed by six liters from the 6 th until 25 day, four liters of 26 to 45 and two liters from 46 to 59 days of life. Besides that liquid diet,

Perfil clínico e imunológico de bovinos experimentalmente inoculados com veneno bruto e iodado de Bothrops alternatus

The effects of bothropic envenomation in 10 crossbred heifers, randomly divided into two groups, that received 0.15mg/kg of body weight of Bothrops alternatus crude or iodinated venom were studied. Behavior; attitude; appetite; defecation; urination; mucous membranes; capillary perfusion time; lymph nodes; respiratory, cardiac and pulse frequencies; rectal temperature and rumination frequency diameter and skin fold of the foreleg on the inoculation site were observed before(zero time) and at 6 and 10h and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 11th, 18th and 25th day after venom inoculation. Two cattle of Bothrops crude venom group, died at 53 and 78h and the surviving animals showed apathy, lethargy, anorexia, pain indicative attitudes, melena, hemorrhagic spots and suffusions on mucous membranes, increased capillary perfusion time, enlarged regional lymph nodes, increased respiratory and cardiac frequencies, decreased peripheric arterial pulse frequency, elevated rectal temperature and decreased of ruminal movements. Bleeding, necrotic point and increase (P< 0.05) diameter and skin fold of the foreleg were identified on the inoculated site, confirming local edema. All the animals were evaluated for Bothrops alternatus venom specific IgG on the 17th, 24th, 31st, 45th, 60thand 180th day. Only the animals receiving crude venom produced IgG specific until the 45th day. The animals inoculated with iodinated venom showed general alterations and minor local effects and did not produce specific IgG, indicating that the iodination decreased both toxicity and immunogenicity response.

Effect of aqueous extracts of Baccharis trimera on development and hatching of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acaridae) eggs

This study evaluated the effects of aqueous extracts of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC (Asteraceae), colloquially known as carqueja, on egg production, and hatching rate of larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus. Plant samples were collected in Montes Claros, north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Adult female ticks were distributed into 24 homogeneous groups of 10. The in vitro test was performed by immersing each group in 10 ml solutions of aqueous extracts at 50, 100, 150, or 200mg of fresh leaves ml(-1). These concentrations were compared with distilled water as negative control and a commercial product as positive control and the tests were repeated four times. The carqueja extract at concentrations of 150 and 200mg of fresh leaves ml(-1) showed 100% efficacy in inhibiting egg hatching and therefore could have potential as an acaricide.

Perfil bioquímico sorológico de bovinos inoculados experimentalmente com veneno crotálico iodado livre e iodado incorporado em liposomas

It was studied the activity of the Crotalus venom detoxified encapsulated in lipossomes or non-encapsulated by the method of controlled iodination on the biochemical profile of bovines. Eleven 18-months-old female bovines, weighting 160kg in average were used in this study. Groups of five animals were inoculated intramuscularly with a dose of 0,03mg/kg with either the detoxified non-encapsulated venom or the detoxified encapsulated venom. One control animal received the same dose of non detoxified venom by the same route. No significant differences were observed between the study groups for the parameters of total protein, urea and creatinine. Differences were observed for creatine phosfokinase at times TO and T12 for the group treated with the iodinated venom encapsulated in liposomes. The detoxification process abolished the activity of the venom in the encapsulated or nonencapsulated form on the biochemical parameters and renal activity of bovine.

Effects of different extracts of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on the hematologic profile of mice with Ehrlich tumor

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mushroom Agaricus blazeii Murril (ABM) extracts on the hematological profile of Swiss mice bearing an Ehrlich solid tumor. Three fractions (total extract, polysaccharides, and supernatant) of ABM extracts obtained by four methods (ultrasonic or water bath, at pH 4 or pH 7) were administered to mice over 21 days. Polysaccharide solutions were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography that showed both mannose and glucose concentrations. The method of extraction influenced the degree of glucose polymerization and the mannose/glucose relationship. The treatment with ABM supernatant at pH 7 and water bath was associated with reduced concentrations of leukocytes and lymphocytes and altered the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. The treatment with the ABM extract in water bath and ultrasound at pH 4 resulted in lower lymphocyte counts, regardless of tumor presence, and greater granulocyte values in mice with Ehrlich tumor than in controls. We concluded that different fractions and methods of extraction of A. blazei produced differing blood profiles in mice inoculated with the Ehrlich tumor.

Desenvolvimento de bezerros leiteiros alimentados com silagem de leite de transição: II - Órgãos internos

Avaliou-se o tamanho absoluto e relativo dos orgaos internos de bezerros Holandeses aleitados com leite, silagem de leite de transicao diluida em agua ou misturada em leite. Foram utilizados 18 animais, machos, com 60 dias de idade e peso corporal medio de 70,3kg (±11,8kg). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com tres tratamentos e seis repeticoes. Os animais foram abatidos aos dois meses de idade, sendo previamente submetidos a jejum alimentar de 16 horas. O aleitamento modificou os pesos dos orgaos internos e da gordura omental dos animais, exceto para rins e gordura mesenterica, e nao alterou o consumo de alimentos solidos. A silagem de leite de transicao diluida em agua comprometeu o desempenho dos bezerros, refletindo no peso dos orgaos internos e de gordura omental, e apresentou pesos absolutos para figado, baco e gordura omental de 1.072, 186 e 133g, respectivamente. A silagem misturada em leite proporcionou resultados mais semelhantes ao fornecimento exclusivo de leite, demonstrando-se como opcao para o aleitamento de bovinos jovens.