Nélson Araújo Rosa

Eroding knowledge: An ethnobotanical inventory in Eastern Amazonia’s logging frontier

Responding to the decline of game, fruit and fiber post-logging, communities along the Capim River in Pará, Brazil, requested that research be initiated into the value of non-timber forest products. As a first step, an ethnobotanical inventory of one hectare of mature terra firme forest was conducted. The percentage use-values described reflect that Capimenses are knowledgeable about the use of many species (60% of inventoried species); however, active use has declined. Compared to other South American inventories, Capimenses demonstrate a higher degree of trade in timber, a lack of trade in non-timber products, the decreasing use of plants for technological purposes, and the description of the use of many species in the past tense. During the longitudinal study, the 15 most highly valued fruit, nut, game attracting, and medicinal tree species became included in the suite of species extracted by the timber industry.ResumenEm resposta à redução de disponibilidade de caça, frutas e fibras, após o desmatamento, comunidades situadas ao longo do Rio Capim no Pará, Brasil, pediram que pesquisas fossem iniciadas para determinar o valor de produtos úteis extraídos da mata não são relacionados à industria madeireira. Como primeiro passo, um inventário etnobotânico de um hectare de floresta madura em terra firme foi realizado. A porcentagem de produtos úteis descritos, apontou que os Capimenses conhecem o uso das várias espécies (60% das espécies inventariadas), porem o uso ativo vem diminuindo. Comparado a outros inventários feitos na America do Sul, Capimenses mostraram: um índice mais alto de comércio era madeira; a falta de comércio de produtos não madeireiros; a diminuição da utilizaçã o de plantas para fins tecnológicos e a declaração de que várias espécies eram utilizadas no passado. Durante o estudo longitudinal, as 15 mais valorizadas espécies de frutas, nozes, medicinais e atrativas de caça, forain incluídas na listagem de espécies sendo retiradas pela indústria madeireira

Dinâmica de reflorestamento em áreas de restauração após mineração em unidade de conservação na Amazônia

The objective of this paper was to evaluate density of planting, of mortality and annual periodic increment (API) of growth in diameter and height of species used in reforestation in areas of forest restoration after mining in conservation units in Amazonia. It was also analyzed the soil management practices in plantation areas. The monitoring covered a period of 13 years (1996-2009), at the National Forest Saraca Taquera, in Porto Trombetas, Para State, Brazil. The species were distributed in classes of mortality. We analyzed the size and the ecological suitability, based on mortality and growth increments (diameter and height) of the species in the artificial ecosystem restored. The annual periodic increment of diameter considering the studied species allowed the following classification: excellent (7 species), high (33), low (20) and very low (9) and similarly, the grow of tree height it was found: excellent (9 species), superior (20), low (31) and very low (9). The ecological aptitude of 69 species in the study area, based on mortality and the increments in diameter and height, allowed the identification of the following groups of species aptitude: excellent (3), good (16), regular (25), low (21); improper (20) and inept (5). The use of soil practices during the activities of restoration should be reviewed due to strong evidence of mortality and growing of planted trees being influenced by soil storage time, the amount of top soil spread superficially, the acidity and fertility of soil and the top soil depth and the distance of transport to the target areas.

Dinâmica do sub-bosque e do estado arbóreo de floresta tropical primária fragmentada na Amazônia Oriental1

The present paper aims at evaluating the forest dynamics - mainly that brought by natural regeneration -in a fragment of dense, terra firme tropical primary forest from 1998 through 1999, municipality of Peixe-Boi (PA). Three 1 ha permanent plots were marked off and every individual within having DBH ≥ 10 cm was registered. Individuals having DBH between 5 and 10cm were sampled out in an area of 6.000 m2, those having DBH between 2 and 5cm were sampled out in an area totaling 2.400 in2, and individuals having DBH under 2 cm were sampled in 240 m2. There are about 143.000 individuals ranging from seedlings to trees, of 337 species and 76 families. Mimosaceae was the family with higher diversity (44 species). Fourteen families occurred as an only species, including 7 families occurring also as an only individual. Considering the whole sample (that is, independently from diametric class) the egression of 56 species versus ingression of 68 was verified, producing a net gain of 12 species. The dynamics of species richeness in natural regeneration is remarkably intense, and the dynamics of abundance of natural regeneration, is more intense than that of floristic richeness. It was also observed that only one family left, while 14 other families entered, thus enriching biodiversity in almost 30%. The highest mortality verified was of Bauhinia cf. rutilans and Mabea aff speciosa (300 and 21 individuals). Rinorea negleta and Lecythis idatimon displayed the recruitment of 171 and 89 specimens. The recruitment/mortality rate was higher than one unit in all diametric classes. The proportion of seedlings needed to obtain a tree, a sapling and a stemlet is 297, 160 e 48 respectively. Richeness and abundance increased during the one year period, as did basal area and biomass.

Análise da vegetação de floresta pluvial tropical de terra firme, pelo método dos quadrantes: Serra Norte, Carajás, PA

The Quadrant Method was applied in dense forest on a sandstone mine in Serra Para State. , All living or dead individuals with DBH 10 cm were sampled (one > individual per quadrant). In 104 points (or 416 individuals) sampled, 38 families, 85 genera and 110 species were registered. The families presenting the highest importance value index (VIF) were Sapotaceae (40,90), Leguminosae sensu latu (26,76) and Rutaceae (25,82). Erisma uncinatum Warm, was the species presenting the highest importance value index (15,86); as a group, dead trees presented the second highest index (14,07). The calculated density was 1 065 individuals/ha. The basal area was 28.9057m2 for the 416 sampled individuals, or 74.0502m2/ha. The estimated density as well as the basal area per unit area (ha) were considered extremely high for the region. The structure of the vegetation was also analyzed: the mean diameter was 31,21 cm; the mean heigths of trunks and crowns were 12,4 m and 5,8 m respectively, giving a mean total of 18,2 m. The understory vegetation was also described qualitatively.