Nur sa Ali

Traffic Light Control System for Emergency Vehicles Using Radio Frequency

Traffic congestion problem is a phenomena which contributed huge impact to the transportation system in country. This causes many problems especially when there are emergency cases at traffic light intersections which are always busy with many vehicles. A traffic light controller system is designed in order to solve these problems. This system was designed to be operated when it received signal from emergency vehicles based on radio frequency (RF) transmission and used the Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) 16F877A microcontroller to change the sequence back to the normal sequence before the emergency mode was triggered. This system will reduce accidents which often happen at the traffic light intersections because of other vehicle had to huddle for given a special route to emergency vehicle. As the result, this project successful analyzing and implementing the wireless communication; the radio frequency (RF) transmission in the traffic light control system for emergency vehicles. The prototype of this project is using the frequency of 434 MHz and function with the sequence mode of traffic light when emergency vehicles passing by an intersection and changing the sequence back to the normal sequence before the emergency mode was triggered. In future, this prototype system can be improved by controlling the real traffic situation, in fact improving present traffic light system technology.

Process and characterization of Strained Silicon MOSFET incorporating Dielectric Pocket (SDP-MOSFET)

In this paper, we propose a fabrication process of Strained Silicon MOSFET incorporating Dielectric Pocket (SDP-MOSFET). By employing TCAD tools, a systematic process simulation in realizing the SDP-MOSFET structure is done successfully. By using vertical and horizontal doping profiles, 120 nm gate length with 12 nm gate oxide of the device is observed respectively. The combination of a Silicon Germanium (SiGe) layer and incorporation of dielectric pocket (DP) shows an improved in suppression of short channel effects (SCE) and allows the threshold voltage and the performance of the devices to be optimized. A low leakage current (IOFF), good drive current (ION), higher mobility and lower power consumption are obtained in SDP-MOSFET. Consequently, the threshold voltage (VT) is decreased accordingly in SDP-MOSFET devices and shows a better control of VT roll-off.

Performance Analysis of Motion Estimation Algorithms on Digital Video Images

An improvement on redundancy to achieve high compression ratio in video coding is developed. Block Matching Motion Estimation (BMME) techniques have been particularly used in various coding standards. In the BMME, search patterns with different shapes or sizes and the center-biased characteristics of motion vector (MV) have large impact on the search speed (search points) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) as the quality of video images. These basic algorithms are Full Search and other two fast search methods. The Cross Diamond Search (CDS) algorithm was designed to fit the cross-center-biased (CCB) MV distribution characteristics of the real-world video sequences. CDS compares favorably with the other algorithms for low motion sequences in terms of speed, quality and computational complexity.