Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales Lima

O impacto do Pronaf sobre a sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar, geração de emprego e renda no Estado do Ceará

This study analyzes the contribution of Pronaf (National Program for Strengthening of Family Farming) for the sustainable development of family farming in the Ceara state. For this purpose, primary data was obtained through the application of 15 questionnaires to beneficiaries and the equal number to non-beneficiaries in Baturite, Iguatu and Quixada counties, totaling 90 questionnaires. The sustainability index, employment and farm income per cultivated hectare were calculated to measure the impact of the program on the sustainable development, generation of income and employment on family farms of beneficiaries. Based on the descriptive analysis and the application of the t Student test, Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney U test, comparisons between the selected groups of family farming were promoted. Results showed that the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries have a low sustainability level. Pronaf had a positive impact, but not significant on farm income generation, and positive effect on the creation of employment.

Desempenho da apicultura no estado do Ceará: competitividade, nível tecnológico e fatores condicionantes

In Ceara state, beekeeping is considered a survival strategy for small farmers. The objective of this research was to study technological aspects and competitiveness of beekeeping in the state. The cross section data was used. To measure the technological level, an index based on production technologies was elaborated. The main results showed that the beekeepers use 60.13% of recommended technologies. Harvest technology contributed the most for the technological index development, while management technology had the lowest participation. The beekeeping is a profit providing activity. Technical level is an important factor to determine competitiveness and technological innovation are essential to the competitiveness of this sector.

Análise de transmissão de preços do mercado atacadista de melão do Brasil

The present study has the purpose to analyze the relationship among wholesale market of yellow melon in Brazil. Time series metho-ds, unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Vectorial Autoregressive models (VAR), variance decomposition of prediction error and impulse response function were used to analyze the price transmission among these markets. The analyzed period embraces January 2001 to December 2005. The results showed that, despite Acu/Mossoro-RN and Baixo Ja-guaribe-CE represents the national biggest melon production areas, who-lesale prices deviations from the Supply Centers of Natal and Fortaleza, didn’t affect in a significant way the other markets studied. On the other hand, price variation of the CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Ar-mazens Gerais de Sao Paulo), affects all the others wholesale markets analyzed. Therefore, the CEAGESP, representing national wholesalers, it being the biggest intermediary of the country, commands the Brazilian yellow melon market, establishing, in practice, an oligopolistic market.

MIBRA-USP, an interregional applied general equilibrium model for the Brazilian economy

On the external side Brazil has experienced since the beginning of the 1990’s an opening process of its economy in a world environment were there have been a wide process of block formation (European Union, Nafta, Mercosur, etc.), on the internal side the Brazilian Real Plan in 1994 has started a period of relative stabilization in the economy that after more than two decades of high inflation has finally brought it under control. The above factors seem to have contributed to structural changes in Brazilian economy. These structural changes were not equally distributed among the sectors and the regions in the Brazilian economy. As an instrument that can be used to evaluate the impact of the economic policies over the regional development in the Brazilian economy, this work presents an interregional Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) model, MIBRA-USP, constructed for the 16 most important sectors in the economy as well as for the 5 Brazilian macro-regions (North, Northeast, Central West, Southeast, and South), calibrated for the year of 1995. This model follows in the tradition of the MONASH-MRF (Multiregional Multisectoral Model of Australian Economy) constructed for the Australian economy and as such the model is solved using the GEMPACK software and their solutions are giving in growth rates. This model is a development over two other previous AGE models, in the Australian tradition, constructed for the Brazilian economy: a) the PAPA model (Guilhoto, 1995) that is a national model with a data base in 1980; and b) the B-MARIA model (Haddad, 1998), an interregional model consisting of 3 regions (North, Northeast, and Rest of the Economy) and calibrated for 1985. The simulations conducted with the MIBRA-USP model were chosen in a way to study how the regions and sectors in the Brazilian economy would react to different sets of economic policies.

Benefícios sociais da política de incentivos à cultura de mamão no Estado do Ceará

This study analyzes social benefits created by CearAi government incentives to papaya producers from 2001 to 2006. As theoretical basis, it was considered an approach of the economic surplus of Marshall and simultaneous equations model. Results indicate that the supply price-elasticity of papaya is very high. In spite of the decrease in quotes, there was a boost in the average amount supplied. The reduction in prices and increases in quantity are responsible for the rise in the society welfare. The aggregate value of total and per capita social benefits were of 3,163,045.00 reais and 39 cents of real, respectively. It shows the importance of actions taken by the government to reduce the cost of production in order to stimulate the development of fruit crops at Ceara state. The total social benefits of 4,690,042.00 reais were obtained by creating direct job opportunities of 1,876,016.00 reais and indirect employments of 2,814,025.00 reais. The producers received a boost in their average per capita income and total revenue of 167.05 percent and 282.74 percent, respectively. As a result, it is possible to conclude that many programs related to promote fruit production in CearAi have showed a boosting trend in production of papaya and in number of employments created.

Produção de milho híbrido no Estado do Ceará: aspectos tecnológicos, competitivos, geração de emprego e renda

The main objective of this article was to analyse the hybrid corn program considering competitiveness, techonology level, creation of job opportunities and income in the state of CearAi. The research was conducting in the main hybrid corn producing counties (IguatAo, Mila-gres e Capistrano). The data were obtained by interviewing corn produc-ing farmers. Technology index for each technology as well as for all the tecnonologies as a group, used by corn farmers, was calculated. The rent-ability indicators such as gross profit, operational profit and profitability index were determined. The technologies of weed control, seed quality and thinning of crop contributed more in the formation of general tech-nology index of hybrid corn production, where as the technology of after harvesting had the lowest participation in the construction of this index. The average income per hectare of hybrid corn was higher as compared to corn variety in all the three counties considered in this research. The indicators analysed showed that the production of hybrid corn is profit-able and studied farmers are competitives.

Exchange Rate Versus Tariff Policies in Brazil: Results from MIBRA-USP, an Interregional Applied General Equilibrium Model of the Brazilian Economy

Since the beginning of the 1990’s Brazil has been experienced an opening process in the economy, which in turn has caused structural changes in the productive structure. In this work it is made an evaluation of the different impacts caused by changes in the exchange rate and in the tariffs over the Brazilian economy and its 5 macro regions. The study is done through the use of an interregional applied general equilibrium model, the MIBRA-USP. The results show that either a devaluation of the exchange rate or an increase in tariffs can cause a rise in the employment level as well as in the economic activity. However, there are differences between the policies, among which it is called attention for the real consumption of the families that decreases with the exchange rate devaluation and increases with higher tariffs.

Confluência do Capital Social, Empoderamento e Governança Ambiental na Sadia Qualidade de Vida em Comunidades Rurais no Ceará

A compreensao da forma como capital social, empoderamento e governanca ambiental se relacionam em escala local pode fortalecer o papel do poder publico e de instituicoes privadas na implementacao de estrategias de promocao da qualidade de vida. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo e analisar a confluencia do capital social, empoderamento e governanca ambiental para a sadia qualidade de vida, em comunidades rurais, no Ceara. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados primarios obtidos junto a representantes das comunidades. A operacionalizacao dos conceitos analisados foi realizada por meio da construcao de indices agregados. Como principal metodo de analise foi estimado um modelo de equacoes estruturais. Os resultados mais relevantes mostraram que o capital social e o empoderamento se relacionam entre si na promocao da sadia qualidade de vida nas comunidades estudadas, enquanto a governanca ambiental nao consegue promover mudancas nesse sentido. Ficou evidente a importância da participacao da comunidade no desenvolvimento/envolvimento melhorando, assim, o acesso a direitos sociais com a participacao responsavel e solidaria para alcancar a sadia qualidade de vida, em um meio ambiente com equilibrio ecologico, as presentes e futuras geracoes.

CONTEXTUALIZANDO A TRANSPOSIÇÃO DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO: considerações sobre a integração entre o projeto e demandas das comunidades rurais

The Brazilian semi-arid region is a largely inhabited region and historically exposed to problems of water shortage caused by unstable climatic conditions that lead to recurrent periods of drought. The supply of water resources in the region permeates decisions that involve changes in the social, economic and environmental spheres of local development. After years of centralized actions, defined and implemented

Mecanismos de gestão municipal e a promoção dos direitos humanos

The research objective was to assess the implementation of mechanisms and actions to promote and guarantee human rights within the municipal public administration. Because of the decentralization of power, after the Federal Constitution of 1988, states and municipalities received new responsibilities. There was a transfer of responsibilities that influenced directly the human rights policies. In this scenario of neo-liberal nature, there is a too diffuse environment where competences are unclear and emerge gaps in knowledge, especially about the role of the municipality in building an inclusive society. From the analysis of indicators of municipal management published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, it was possible to draw an overview of municipal human rights management in Ceara that showed the omission of city halls.The research objective was to assess the implementation of mechanisms and actions to promote and guarantee human rights within the municipal public administration. Because of the decentralization of power, after the Federal Constitution of 1988, states and municipalities received new responsibilities. There was a transfer of responsibilities that influenced directly the human rights policies. In this scenario of neo-liberal nature, there is a too diffuse environment where competences are unclear and emerge gaps in knowledge, especially about the role of the municipality in building an inclusive society. From the analysis of indicators of municipal management published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, it was possible to draw an overview of municipal human rights management in Ceara that showed the omission of city halls.