Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues

URODYNAMIC PRESSURE FLOW STUDIES CAN PREDICT THE CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER TRANSURETHRAL PROSTATIC RESECTION

PURPOSE We evaluate whether urodynamic evaluation can determine preoperatively the clinical prognosis of patients treated with transurethral prostatic resection as measured by urinary symptom score and quality of life index. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 253 patients who previously elected transurethral prostatic resection based on clinical symptoms completed the American Urological Association symptom score and quality of life index, and underwent urodynamic evaluation before and after operation. The patients were divided into 7 groups in accordance with detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate. The preoperative and postoperative symptom score and quality of life index were analyzed in each group. RESULTS Of the patients 42% were not obstructed and could not be distinguished from those who were obstructed preoperatively based on total urinary symptoms (p = 0.95) or subjective impression measured by the quality of life index (p = 0.96). The entire obstructed group demonstrated marked improvement compared to the nonobstructed group (p = 0.018). Analysis of severity also revealed a clear relationship with clinical outcome and subjective satisfaction with obstruction grade, that is the more severely obstructed cases had greater clinical benefit compared to those with little or no obstruction. Furthermore, the nonobstructed subjects did not show any clinical or subjective improvement after transurethral prostatic resection (p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Urodynamic studies provide great predictive value of clinical improvement after prostatic relief but they also properly predict the poor clinical results in nonobstructed patients.

Quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human oral epithelial cells from subjects with periodontitis and periodontal health

Epithelial cells in oral cavities can be considered reservoirs for a variety of bacterial species. A polymicrobial intracellular flora associated with periodontal disease has been demonstrated in buccal cells. Important aetiological agents of systemic and nosocomial infections have been detected in the microbiota of subgingival biofilm, especially in individuals with periodontal disease. However, non-oral pathogens internalized in oral epithelial cells and their relationship with periodontal status are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to detect opportunistic species within buccal and gingival crevice epithelial cells collected from subjects with periodontitis or individuals with good periodontal health, and to associate their prevalence with periodontal clinical status. Quantitative detection of total bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis in oral epithelial cells was determined by quantitative real-time PCR using universal and species-specific primer sets. Intracellular bacteria were visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Overall, 33% of cell samples from patients with periodontitis contained at least one opportunistic species, compared with 15% of samples from healthy individuals. E. faecalis was the most prevalent species found in oral epithelial cells (detected in 20.6% of patients with periodontitis, P = 0.03 versus healthy individuals) and was detected only in cells from patients with periodontitis. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that high levels of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were present in both the periodontitis and healthy groups. However, the proportion of these species was significantly higher in epithelial cells of subjects with periodontitis compared with healthy individuals (P = 0.016 for P. aeruginosa and P = 0.047 for S. aureus). Although E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were detected in 57% and 50% of patients, respectively, with probing depth and clinical attachment level ≥6 mm, no correlation was found with age, sex, bleeding on probing or the presence of supragingival biofilm. The prevalence of these pathogens in epithelial cells is correlated with the state of periodontal disease.

Efeito de níveis crescentes de uréia na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre a produção e a composição físico-química do leite

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of three different dietary levels of urea on milk yield and composition. Nine lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to three replicated 3 x 3 Latin squares with three periods of 21 days each. Treatments were: A) control diet formulated to meet 100% of the requirements of crude protein (CP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP) according to the NRC (2001) model by feeding soybean meal and sugar cane; B) replacing soybean meal with 0.75% urea; or C) replacing soybean meal with 1.5% urea. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (16% CP) and isocaloric (1.53 Mcal/kg of NEl). No significant differences in dry matter intake, milk yield, 3.5% fat corrected milk, yields of milk protein and milk fat, and somatic cell count were observed among treatments when data were analyzed by simple polynomial regression. Milk cryoscopy, pH and density were also not affected by increasing the proportion of urea in the diet treatments; however, milk acidity decreased linearly when the levels of urea were increased in the diet. Milk contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solids and non-solids fat and concentration of milk urea all did not differ across diets. Results obtained in this trial indicated that the inclusion of up to 1.5% of urea (% of diet DM) in the diet had no effect on milk yield, milk composition, and milk physical-chemical characteristics in lactating cows.

Efeitos da adição de inoculantes microbianos sobre a composição bromatológica e perfil fermentativo da silagem de sorgo produzida em silos experimentais

Sorghum Agroceres 2005 (35.9% DM) was ensiled in 16 plastic experimental silos, forming four treatments: control, Sil-All (Streptococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, amylase, hemicellulase, and cellulase), Silobac (L. plantarum, S. faecium, and Lactobacillus sp), and Pioneer 1174 (S. faecium and L. plantarum). Silos were opened 120 days after ensiling and silage was sampled to proceed chemical analyses. Sil-All, Silobac and Pioneer decreased dry matter content and increased ethylic alcohol concentration and DM losses compared to control. Sil-All increased NDF content compared to control and decreased starch content compared to Silobac, but not as compared to control. Pioneer decreased aerobic stability of silage compared to control. The CP, ADIN, soluble carbohydrates, ADF, lignin, hemicellulose, and celullose contents, in vitro digestibility, buffering capacity, acetic, propionic, butyric and lactic acids, pH and ammonia concentration did not suffer influence of treatments.

Efeitos de níveis crescentes de fibra em detergente neutro na dieta sobre a digestão ruminal em bubalinos e bovinos

Four buffaloes and four cattle rumen fistulated were used with the objective to study the effects of different levels of neutral detergent fiber in the diet on the digestion characteristics. The In situ degradations of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the coastcross hay and wheat meal, DM of the corn ground and soybean meal were evaluated. The digestibilities of DM, crude protein and NDF of the diets were also evaluated using a Cr2O3 as a marker. The animals were allotted to two in a 4x2 factorial arrangement with four increasing levels of NDF in the DM (54, 60, 66 and 72%) and two animal species (buffaloes and cattle). Four twenty-nine days subperiods were used, with 13 days for diet adaptation. The buffaloes showed higher ruminal DM and NDF disappearance of the Coast-cross hay and soybean meal DM than cattle, in most of the incubation times. On the other hand, the ruminal NDF disappearance of wheat meal was higher for the cattle only in the first hours. There was interaction between species and NDF levels for the DM digestibility coefficients. The NDF levels influenced the NDF digestibility coefficient and it was not noticed effects of species or NDF levels for the CP digestibility coefficient.

Effects of feeding a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, rumenitis, and blood gas profile in Bos indicus biotype yearling bulls

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding monensin (MON) or a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against several rumen microorganisms on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, blood gas profile, and rumenitis of Bos indicus biotype (BT) yearling bulls. The study was designed as a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, replicated 4 times, in which 32 yearling bulls of each of 3 BT evaluated (3-way-cross, TC; Canchim, CC; and Nellore, NE) were fed diets containing either MON at 300 mg·d(-1) or PAP at 10 mL·d(-1) across 3 different periods. No significant (P > 0.10) feed additive (FA) main effects were observed for any of the feedlot performance variables and carcass characteristics with the exception of dressing percentage. Yearling bulls receiving PAP had a decreased (P = 0.047) dressing percentage when compared with yearling bulls receiving MON. Significant (P < 0.05) BT main effects were observed for all feedlot performance variables and carcass characteristics with the exception of kidney-pelvic fat expressed in kilograms (P = 0.49) and LM lipids content (P = 0.45). Crossbred yearling bulls (TC and CC) had greater (P < 0.001) ADG, DMI in kilograms, DMI as % of BW, and improved (P = 0.001) G:F when compared with NE yearling bulls. A tendency (P = 0.072) for a FA main effect was observed for rumenitis scores, in which yearling bulls receiving PAP had lesser rumenitis scores than those receiving MON. When the data were disposed as frequency percentage, 55.6% and 45.7% of the rumens from yearling bulls fed PAP and MON were scored between 0 and 1, respectively (0 = no lesions, 10 = severe lesions). Likewise, a significant BT main effect was observed (P = 0.008), where NE yearling bulls had greater rumenitis scores than those of crossbred yearling bulls (TC and CC). No significant FA main effects were observed (P > 0.10) for any of the fatty acids measured in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, with the exception that yearling bulls receiving MON had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of palmitic acid (16:0), margaric acid (17:0), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) than those yearling bulls receiving PAP. Feeding PAP tended to decrease incidence of rumen lesions and led to similar feedlot performance compared with feeding MON. Thus, PAP is a new technology that presents a possible alternative for ionophores.

Comparative study of the protective effect of different intravenous bisphosphonates on the decrease in bone mineral density in patients submitted to radical prostatectomy undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. A prospective open-label controlled study

Objectives:  To establish whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes osteoporosis and osteopenia

Degradabilidade no rúmen bovino de grãos de milho processados de diferentes formas

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of different forms of processing corn on ruminal degradability of dry matter, starch and crude protein. Twelve non-lactant and non-pregnant canulated cows (647 kg) were used. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments: cracked (1.6 mm), grinding (0.8 mm) and steam-flaked (8.25 mm; 270 g/L) corn, with 4 experimental units/treatment. Bags containing corn in different processing forms were incubated in animals for 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. An improvement on effective dry matter and starch degradability by the steam-flaked compared to grinding and cracked corn was observed. However, a decrease in crude protein degradability for steam-flaked compared to grinding corn was also observed.

Monensina e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos alimentados com proporções de volumoso/concentrado

The response to the use of ionophores is influenced by several factors, such as the diet energetic density. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of monensin on total tract digestibility in ruminants fed with different diets. Eighteen wethers were randomly exposed to three diets with different concentrate levels (25%, 50% and 75%) without (control) or with monensin (40 mg/animal/day). Experimental period extended for twenty-five days, the last five used for feces and urine collection. The diet consisted of Coast-Cross hay and a concentrate mixture. Monensin increased total tract digestibility of crude protein, independent of the concentrate level (25%-concentrate: 69.6% vs. 65.3%; 50%-concentrate: 72.2% vs. 69.2%; 75%-concentrate: 73.4% vs. 69.8%). There was an interaction between concentrate level and monensin for total tract digestibility of crude fiber (25%-concentrate: 62.0% vs. 61.0%; 50%-concentrate: 53.2% vs. 59.2%; 75%-concentrate: 51.8% vs. 42.7%) and nitrogen balance (25%-concentrate: -3.8 vs. -20.6; 50%-concentrate: -10.4 vs. +2.0; 75%-concentrate: +11.4 vs. +7.9% of absorbed N). The best response to monensin was obtained for the high-concentrate diet and the worst for the 50%-concentrate. Monensin supplementation did not influence dry matter intake, total tract digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, gross energy and total digestible nutrients in any diet. It is concluded that monensin response was greater in either high-concentrate or high-forage diets and worst in the 50%-concentrate diet.

Valor nutritivo da silagem de milho sob o efeito da inoculação de bactérias ácido-láticas

The results of using lactic acid bacteria in ensiling has been conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbially inoculated corn plant for silage production on total digestibility in wethers. Eight wethers were assigned to a cross-over design, with two periods (8 animals/treatment) and treatments were: control corn silage (28.6% DM and 9.6% CP, on average) or under inoculation with Pioneer 1174 product (Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum). Each period extended for twenty-one days, the last five used for feces and urine collection. The inoculation did not influence total digestibility of DM (inoculated = 64.5% vs. control = 64.6%), CP (56.0% vs. 54.4%), FNE (69.2% vs. 70.2%), CF (56.3% vs. 54.6%), NDF (49.0% vs. 52.2%), ADF (48.2% vs. 48.6%), starch (98.8% vs. 98.7%), TDN (65.1% vs. 65.1%), N retention (0.59 vs. 0.65 g of N/animal/day) or DM intake (2.13 vs. 2.28% of BW), but there was a tendency (P=0.0878) of increasing digestibility of EE (86.7% vs. 85.0%). Present data does not support to recomend lactic acid bacteria for inoculation of corn crop for silage production.The results of using lactic acid bacteria in ensiling has been conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbially inoculated corn plant for silage production on total digestibility in wethers. Eight wethers were assigned to a cross-over design, with two periods (8 animals/treatment) and treatments were: control corn silage (28.6% DM and 9.6% CP, on average) or under inoculation with Pioneer 1174 product (Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum). Each period extended for twenty-one days, the last five used for feces and urine collection. The inoculation did not influence total digestibility of DM (inoculated = 64.5% vs. control = 64.6%), CP (56.0% vs. 54.4%), FNE (69.2% vs. 70.2%), CF (56.3% vs. 54.6%), NDF (49.0% vs. 52.2%), ADF (48.2% vs. 48.6%), starch (98.8% vs. 98.7%), TDN (65.1% vs. 65.1%), N retention (0.59 vs. 0.65 g of N/animal/day) or DM intake (2.13 vs. 2.28% of BW), but there was a tendency (P=0.0878) of increasing digestibility of EE (86.7% vs. 85.0%). Present data does not support to recomend lactic acid bacteria for inoculation of corn crop for silage production.