Laércio Melotti

Efeito de alguns tratamentos sobre a qualidade da silagem de capim-elefante cultivar Napier (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum)

Vinte aditivos* foram utilizados na ensilagem de capim-elefante (80 dias de crescimento), em silos de laboratorio: sem aditivos (T1); 0,5% de ureia (T2); 10% de fibra de algodao (T3); 10% de feno de Capim Elefante (T4); 10% de feno de Guandu (T5); emurchecimento por 6 horas (T6); 2% de residuo de varredura de usina de acucar (T7); 2% de fuba de milho (T8); 4% de fuba de milho (T9); 6% de fuba de milho (T10); 2% de fuba de milho e 0,5% de ureia (T11); 4% de fuba de milho e 0,5% de ureia (T12); 6% de fuba de milho e 0,5% de ureia (T13); 1% de melaco em po (T14); 2% de melaco em po (T15); 3% de melaco em po (T16); 1% de melaco em po e 0,5% de ureia (T17); 2% de melaco em po e 0,5% de ureia (T18); 3% de melaco em po e 0,5% de ureia (T19); inoculante bacteriano denominado Biosilo (T20). O pH foi maior nos tratamentos T1 (5,36) e T5 (5,33), sendo que nos demais este indice variou de 4,29 a 3,89, sendo estatisticamente semelhantes entre si, podendo ser considerados como dentro da faixa ideal. Os maiores teores de nitrogenio amoniacal foram obtidos nos tratamentos compostos de ureia e em T3. Em comparacao ao uso isolado da ureia, a inclusao de 3% de melaco junto a este reduziu a producao de nitrogenio amoniacal e o valor obtido foi semelhante aos demais tratamentos. De maneira geral, as silagens se mostraram predominantemente laticas e a concentracao de acido latico foi semelhante entre os diversos tratamentos. T2 e T3 apresentaram maior producao de acido butirico e T2 e T9 maiores teores de acido acetico. Os coeficientes de DIVMS variaram de 26,36 a 51,31% e as perdas de MS foram superiores em T2 (11,08%), T3 (10,50%) e T4 (9,80%) e semelhante nos demais.

Avaliação do uso de inoculantes microbianos sobre a qualidade fermentativa e nutricional da silagem de milho

ABSTRACT - The corn hybrids AG 510 and AG 5011 (Agroceres) were ensiled in plastic experimental silos (four units/treatment),consisting of eight treatments: control (without inoculation), Sil-All ® ( S. faecium , P. acidilactici , L. plantarum , amylase, hemicellulase,and cellulase), Silobac ® ( L. plantarum , S. faecium , and Lactobacillus sp.), and Pioneer 1174 ® ( S. faecium and L. plantarum ). Silos wereopened 106 days after ensiling and sampled to proceed chemical analyses. AG 510 and AG 5011 hybrids differed for DM (35.26 vs.44.06%), CP (8.07 vs. 9.73%), ADIN (19.04 vs. 24.76% of total N), NDF (62.03 vs. 64.71%), ADF (36.74 vs. 40.19%), lignin (11.24vs. 12.57%), water soluble carbohydrates (12.0 vs. 7.0%), starch (27.04 vs. 24.46%), pH (3.79 vs. 4.32), amoniacal nitrogen (4. 19 vs.8.81% of total N), lactic acid (4.875 vs. 1.421% of DM) and acetic acid (1.269 vs. 2.682% of DM). Pionner 1174 ® increased water-soluble carbohydrate in AG 510 hybrid, but not in AG 5011. Inoculation with Pioneer and Silobac had the highest and the interme diatestarch content, respectively, in relation to control and Sil-All in the AG 510 hybrid, but not in AG 5011. AG 510 provided betterfermentation pattern when compared to AG 5011, although inoculants showed no effects on those parameters.Key Words: additives, ensiling, lactic acid bacteria, organic acids,

Monensina e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos alimentados com proporções de volumoso/concentrado

The response to the use of ionophores is influenced by several factors, such as the diet energetic density. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of monensin on total tract digestibility in ruminants fed with different diets. Eighteen wethers were randomly exposed to three diets with different concentrate levels (25%, 50% and 75%) without (control) or with monensin (40 mg/animal/day). Experimental period extended for twenty-five days, the last five used for feces and urine collection. The diet consisted of Coast-Cross hay and a concentrate mixture. Monensin increased total tract digestibility of crude protein, independent of the concentrate level (25%-concentrate: 69.6% vs. 65.3%; 50%-concentrate: 72.2% vs. 69.2%; 75%-concentrate: 73.4% vs. 69.8%). There was an interaction between concentrate level and monensin for total tract digestibility of crude fiber (25%-concentrate: 62.0% vs. 61.0%; 50%-concentrate: 53.2% vs. 59.2%; 75%-concentrate: 51.8% vs. 42.7%) and nitrogen balance (25%-concentrate: -3.8 vs. -20.6; 50%-concentrate: -10.4 vs. +2.0; 75%-concentrate: +11.4 vs. +7.9% of absorbed N). The best response to monensin was obtained for the high-concentrate diet and the worst for the 50%-concentrate. Monensin supplementation did not influence dry matter intake, total tract digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, gross energy and total digestible nutrients in any diet. It is concluded that monensin response was greater in either high-concentrate or high-forage diets and worst in the 50%-concentrate diet.

Valor nutritivo da silagem de milho sob o efeito da inoculação de bactérias ácido-láticas

The results of using lactic acid bacteria in ensiling has been conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbially inoculated corn plant for silage production on total digestibility in wethers. Eight wethers were assigned to a cross-over design, with two periods (8 animals/treatment) and treatments were: control corn silage (28.6% DM and 9.6% CP, on average) or under inoculation with Pioneer 1174 product (Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum). Each period extended for twenty-one days, the last five used for feces and urine collection. The inoculation did not influence total digestibility of DM (inoculated = 64.5% vs. control = 64.6%), CP (56.0% vs. 54.4%), FNE (69.2% vs. 70.2%), CF (56.3% vs. 54.6%), NDF (49.0% vs. 52.2%), ADF (48.2% vs. 48.6%), starch (98.8% vs. 98.7%), TDN (65.1% vs. 65.1%), N retention (0.59 vs. 0.65 g of N/animal/day) or DM intake (2.13 vs. 2.28% of BW), but there was a tendency (P=0.0878) of increasing digestibility of EE (86.7% vs. 85.0%). Present data does not support to recomend lactic acid bacteria for inoculation of corn crop for silage production.The results of using lactic acid bacteria in ensiling has been conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbially inoculated corn plant for silage production on total digestibility in wethers. Eight wethers were assigned to a cross-over design, with two periods (8 animals/treatment) and treatments were: control corn silage (28.6% DM and 9.6% CP, on average) or under inoculation with Pioneer 1174 product (Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum). Each period extended for twenty-one days, the last five used for feces and urine collection. The inoculation did not influence total digestibility of DM (inoculated = 64.5% vs. control = 64.6%), CP (56.0% vs. 54.4%), FNE (69.2% vs. 70.2%), CF (56.3% vs. 54.6%), NDF (49.0% vs. 52.2%), ADF (48.2% vs. 48.6%), starch (98.8% vs. 98.7%), TDN (65.1% vs. 65.1%), N retention (0.59 vs. 0.65 g of N/animal/day) or DM intake (2.13 vs. 2.28% of BW), but there was a tendency (P=0.0878) of increasing digestibility of EE (86.7% vs. 85.0%). Present data does not support to recomend lactic acid bacteria for inoculation of corn crop for silage production.

Efeitos da adição de inoculantes microbianos sobre o perfil fermentativo da silagem de alfafa adicionada de polpa cítrica

Alfalfa crop (19.0% DM) was harvested at 35 days and ensiled in 32 plastic experimental silos, consisting of four treatments with or without 12% of citrus pulp: control, Sil-Allâ (S. faecium, P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, amylase, hemicellulase, and cellulase), Silobacâ (L. plantarum, S. faecium, and Lactobacillus sp.) and Pioneer 1174â (S. faecium and L. plantarum). Silos were opened 133 days after ensiling and sampled to proceed chemical analyses. Only in citrus pulp-free silage, all inoculants increased ethanol concentration; Pioneer increased pH, and Silobac decreased acetic acid concentration, compared to control. Independently of citrus pulp, all inoculants decreased DM losses; Silobacâ and Pioneer decreased IVDDM, and Pioneer increased NH3-N. Inoculants did not influence lactic, propionic and butyric acids concentrations and neither aerobic stability. Citrus pulp improved chemical composition and fermentation characteristics, but worsened DM losses and aerobic stability.

Efeitos da lasalocida sódica e proporção volumoso/concentrados sobre a degradabilidade in situ do farelo de soja e do feno Coast Cross [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] em vacas secas

Foram estudados os efeitos da lasalocida sodica e de diferentes proporcoes volumoso:concentrados sobre a degradabilidade da fibra (FDN e FDA) e PB atraves de experimento em Quadrado Latino 4 x 4, utilizando-se quatro femeas bovinas dotadas de cânulas ruminais, pesando em media 500 kg de peso vivo. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 com 40% ou 70% de volumoso na dieta (39% ou 59% de FDN) e zero ou 200 mg de lasalocida/animal/dia. Utilizaram-se subperiodos de 21 dias, sendo os 16 primeiros destinados a adaptacao dos animais a dieta, composta de feno de Coast Cross (Cynodon dactylon) e mistura de concentrados. O ensaio de degradabilidade in situ pela tecnica dos sacos de nailon foi realizado do 17o ao 21o dia, incubando-se o farelo de soja durante 0, 1,5, 3, 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas e o feno por 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Interacao foi observada entre lasalocida e a proporcao volumoso:concentrados da dieta sobre a degradabilidade efetiva da FDN e FDA do feno (p < 0,05). Na ausencia de lasalocida, menor proporcao de volumoso diminuiu a degradabilidade da FDN e FDA em 12,0% e 12,7%, respectivamente, enquanto na sua presenca as diminuicoes foram de 7,0% e 4,9%. Nenhum dos tratamentos alterou significativamente a degradabilidade efetiva da PB do farelo de soja.

Composição bromatológica e perfil fermentativo da silagem de capim-elefante obtida em diferentes tipos de silos experimentais e no silo tipo trincheira

One type of commercial silo and three types of experimental silos were used for determination of chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) (33.0% DM and 4.2% CP) ensiled in two different densities (400 or 600 kg of silage/m3): 1) commercial bunker silo sampled at 30 (top) and 60 (deep) cm from the top; 2) plastic silo with bulsen valve; 3) plastic bag; and 4) concrete pipe. A completely randomized design was used. The concrete pipe silo produced silage with higher pH, ADIN and lignin values, as well as lower in vitro digestibility, buffering capacity, and lactic acid and NH3-N concentrations. Experimental silos had superior quality than commercial silos to starch, soluble carbohydrates, buffering capacity, NH3-N, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids concentrations. Variation in fermentation in different levels of commercial silos was greater than in different types of experimental ones.

Effects of Microbial Inoculants on Chemical Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Sunflower Silage Produced in Experimental Silos

Sunflower (20.0% DM and 10.0% CP) was ensiled in 16 plastic experimental silos, forming four treatments: control, Sil-All (S. faecium, P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, amylase, hemicellulase, and cellulase), Silobac (L. plantarum, S. faecium, and Lactobacillus sp.), and Pioneer 1174 (S. faecium and L. plantarum). Silos were opened 125 days after ensiling and sampled to proceed chemical analyses. Pioneer increased soluble carbohydrates, ethylic alcohol concentration, and buffering capacity. This inoculant decreased pH, ammonia, and acetic acid concentration compared to control. Pioneer also increased starch content compared to control, but Sil-All decreased. The DM, CP, ADIN, NDF, ADF, and lignin contents, In vitro digestibility of the DM, DM losses, aerobic stability, propionic, butyric and lactic acids did not suffer influence of treatments.Sunflower (20.0% DM and 10.0% CP) was ensiled in 16 plastic experimental silos, forming four treatments: control, Sil-All (S. faecium, P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, amylase, hemicellulase, and cellulase), Silobac (L. plantarum, S. faecium, and Lactobacillus sp.), and Pioneer 1174 (S. faecium and L. plantarum). Silos were opened 125 days after ensiling and sampled to proceed chemical analyses. Pioneer increased soluble carbohydrates, ethylic alcohol concentration, and buffering capacity. This inoculant decreased pH, ammonia, and acetic acid concentration compared to control. Pioneer also increased starch content compared to control, but Sil-All decreased. The DM, CP, ADIN, NDF, ADF, and lignin contents, In vitro digestibility of the DM, DM losses, aerobic stability, propionic, butyric and lactic acids did not suffer influence of treatments.

Degradabilidade no rúmen da matéria seca e da protéina do caroço integral e do farelo de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) pela técnica dos sacos de náilon in situ com bovinos

Crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) degradabilities of a) whole cottonseed meal; b) broken whole cottonseed meal, were evaluated with three rumen fistulated crossbred heifers (Bostaurus x Bos indicus) in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The animals were fed sugar cane as roughage and concentrate containing with cottonseed meal (0.3 kg), whole cottonseed (0.6 kg) and corn (1.6 kg). The average rates of DM degradability with 48 of incubation time were higher (p<0.01) for cottonseed meal (62.3%) followed by broken whole cottonseed (57.1%) and whole cottonseed (22.1%). CP degradability rates were also higher (p<0.01) for cottonseed meal (93.5%), followed by broken whole cottonseed (82.5%) and whole cottonseed (18.3%).

Efeitos da lasalocida sódica e da proporção concentrado/volumoso sobre o desempenho produtivo de vacas lactantes

Four crossbred Holstein 2 month lactating cows with 470 kg of average live-weight, fitted with rumen canulas, were used in a change over design, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with four treatments: without or with sodium lasalocid (200 mg/cow/day); and two concentrate/roughage ratios: 30%-70% and 60%-40%. Milk and fat production, dry matter consumption, ruminal pH and liquid turnover rates were measured. Lasalocid resulted in higher but not statistically significant increase in milk production with the 70% roughage diet. Rich concentrate diets (60%) resulted in higher, but not statistically significant, dry matter consumption; these diets increased milk, fat corrected milk and milk protein production, and decreased fat milk production, as well as the ruminal pH at 6 hours after the first meal.