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Dive into the research topics where Purificación Rodríguez is active.

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Featured researches published by Purificación Rodríguez.


Journal of Experimental Child Psychology | 2013

Children's understandings of counting: detection of errors and pseudoerrors by kindergarten and primary school children.

Purificación Rodríguez; M. Oliva Lago; Ileana Enesco; Silvia Guerrero

In this study, the development of comprehension of essential and nonessential aspects of counting is examined in children ranging from 5 to 8 years of age. Essential aspects, such as logical rules, and nonessential aspects, including conventional rules, were studied. To address this, we created a computer program in which children watched counting errors (abstraction and order irrelevance errors) and pseudoerrors (with and without cardinal value errors) occurring during a detection task. The children judged whether the characters had counted the items correctly and were asked to justify their responses. In general, our data show that performance improved substantially with age in terms of both error and pseudoerror detection; furthermore, performance was better with regard to errors than to pseudoerrors as well as on pseudoerror tasks with cardinal values versus those without cardinal values. In addition, the childrens justifications, for both the errors and pseudoerrors, made possible the identification of conventional rules underlying the incorrect responses. A particularly relevant trend was that children seem to progressively ignore these rules as they grow older. Nevertheless, this process does not end at 8 years of age given that the conventional rules of temporal and spatial adjacency were present in their judgments and were primarily responsible for the incorrect responses.


Learning and Instruction | 1993

Children's Understanding of the Commutative Law of Addition.

Vicente Bermejo; Purificación Rodríguez

Abstract This study analyzes the bases that support the comprehension and development of the commutative law of addition. We presented two commutative tasks (compare sums and find the unknown addend) to 72 children from 5 to 8 years of age. Within each task we varied the presence/absence of the result, and the kind-of-addend. In general, our results show that children focus mainly on the addends in judging the equivalence between two commuted pairs. Equally, the errors and strategies analysis offers evidence of the childrens inclination to focus on the addends, although older children also center on the results, especially in some conditions. Finally, we tentatively suggest a five level model of understanding of commutativity.


Infancia Y Aprendizaje | 1987

Estructura semántica y estrategias infantiles en la solución de problemas verbales de adición

Vicente Bermejo; Purificación Rodríguez

ResumenSe analizan los diferentes factores que pueden influir en la solucion de problemas verbales aditivos, insistiendose sobre todo en la incidencia de la estructura semantica de los mismos y en su expresion verbal. Dos grupos de ninos de segundo de preescolar y otros de primero de EGB pasan pruebas aditivas de combinacion e igualacion. Los resultados confirman que la dificultad de las tareas depende, entre otras variabes, de la estructura semantica de las mismas, del lugar que ocupa la incognita o dato desconocido y de la disponibilidad de ayudas en la resolucion de los problemas. Ademas, las estrategias utilizadas por los ninos son funcion de la edad de los mismos y del tipo de problema planteado. Se senalan tambien algunas de las implicaciones educativas que se desprende de este trabajo.


British Journal of Development Psychology | 2011

‘We are the good guys but they are not bad’. In-group positivity and cognitive performance in preschoolers

Ileana Enesco; Oliva Lago; Purificación Rodríguez; Silvia Guerrero

The general purpose of this study was to analyse the developmental relations between the early forms of ethnic attitudes, and the classification abilities of the young child. We designed new cognitive tasks within a detection paradigm adapted to preschoolers and attitudinal tasks that were presented as games in a computer screen. Participants were 75 majority-group children of 3, 4, and 5 years of age. Childrens preferences and positive/negative attitudes towards the in-group (Spaniards) and three out-groups (Latin-Americans, Africans, and Asians) were measured. The results showed a remarkable preference and positivity for the in-group, but not out-group derogation. Childrens cognitive performance, to a greater extent than their age, was positively associated with in-group favouritism and positivity. On the other hand, we found some interesting differences and developmental changes in childrens positive orientation to the out-groups that are discussed in the last section.


Cognitiva | 1994

Problemas verbales de comparación y comprensión de la relación comparativa

M. Oliva Lago; Vicente Bermejo Fernández; Purificación Rodríguez

La dificultad de los ninos para resolver problemas verbales de comparacion ha suscitado un gran numero de trabajos, que se aglutinan en torno a dos lineas principales de investigacion: la busqueda de formulaciones alternativas y el entrenamiento en las habilidades de representacion. Sin embargo, no se han realizado estudios en los que se analice la capacidad cognitiva requerida para comprender las relaciones numericas de comparacion implicadas en este tipo de problemas verbales. Con este objetivo, examinamos el ccomportamiento de ninos de 1.o, 2.o y 3.o en cuatro tareas (i.e., CMA, CMC, PVCM y PVCA) a sujetos de l.o, 2.o y 3.o de EP. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de las ejecuciones correctas de los ninos en las distintas tareas revelan que no todas comportan la misma dificultad, siendo posible detectar la existencia de una secuencia evolutiva de adquisicion de las mismas. En concreto, los ninos se muestran capaces de resolver estas tareas en el siguiente orden: CM A -> CM C -> PVCA -> PVCM, excepto cuando se analiza solamente el comportamiento de l.o y 2.o de EP, que invierten el orden de las dos ultimas tareas, apareciendo entonces el orden previsto. El examen de las estrategias y errores cometidos por los ninos permiten suponer la existencia de diferentes factores que explicarian el comportamiento infantil en las distintas tareas, como la familiaridad, los vinculos de algunas tareas con habilidades mas tempranas, la asimilacion de los PVCM a categorias semanticas mas sencillas, la interferencia con nuevos aprendizajes y la formulacion de enunciados consistentes con la operacion que permite solucionar el problema.


European Journal of Psychology of Education | 2009

How do secondary students approach different types of division with remainder situations? Some evidence from Spain

Purificación Rodríguez; M. Oliva Lago; M. Lourdes Hernández; Laura Jiménez; Silvia Guerrero; Sonia Caballero

Division-With-Remainder (DWR) problems are particularly complex, as suggested in many studies. The purpose of this work was to establish whether students’ difficulties in DWR problems came from an inadequate initial representation or from an inadequate final interpretation of the numerical answers, and whether remainders could be grouped into two blocks depending on the kind of answer, either directly matching the terms of the division or not. Forty-five Spanish secondary students, aged 12–13, were requested to solve two Types of Division Situations (i.e., Equal Groups and Comparison), each one involving four Types of Remainder (i.e., Remainder-Not-Divisible, Remainder-Divisible, Remainder-as-the-Result, and Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments). Our data showed that: (a) the selection of the correct solution procedure depended on the Type of Division Situations, being easier in Equal Groups than in Comparison problems; (b) correct interpretations were higher than the percentages reported in other researches; and (c) success in problems whose answers were the quotient or the remainder was higher than in Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments problems. The results obtained suggest that students’ difficulties originate in the initial representation of the DWR problems and that it would be more adequate to refer to the difficulty of Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments problems in particular, rather than to the difficulty of DWR problems in general.RésuméDe nombreuses études ont suggéré que les problèmes de Division-Avec-Reste (DAR) sont particulièrement complexes. L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier si l’origine des problèmes des élèves avec la DAR se situait bien dans une représentation initiale ou bien dans une interprétation finale inadéquate des réponses numériques, ainsi que d’établir si les restes d’une division pouvaient se grouper en deux blocs selon que le type de réponse soit ou non directement assorti aux termes de la division. On a demandé à quarante-cinq lycéens espagnols de 12–13 ans de résoudre deux Types de Situations de Division (c’est-à-dire Groupes Egaux et Comparaisons), chacune impliquant quatre Types de Reste (c’est-à-dire Reste-Non-Divisible, Reste-Divisible, Reste-Comme-Résultat, et Quotient-Réajusté-par-Incréments-Partiels). Nos résultats ont montré que: (a) la sélection de la procédure de résolution correcte dépendait du Type de Situations de Division, et était plus facile dans les problèmes de Groupes Égaux que dans ceux de Comparaisons; (b) les pourcentages d’interprétations correctes étaient supérieurs aux pourcentages rapportés dans d’autres études, et (c) le succès était supérieur avec les problèmes dont les réponses étaient le quotient ou dont le reste était supérieur à ce qu’il était dans les problèmes de Quotient-Réajusté-par-Incréments-Partiels. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les difficultés des élèves avaient leur origine dans leur représentation initiale des problèmes DAR, et qu’il serait plus adéquat de parler de la difficulté des problèmes de Quotient-Réajusté-par-Incréments-Partiels que d’une difficulté plus générale des “problèmes de Division-Avec-Reste”.


Cultura Y Educacion | 2009

El prejuicio étnico-racial. Una revisión de estudios evolutivos en España con niños y preadolescentes españoles y extranjeros

Ileana Enesco; Silvia Guerrero; Irene Solbes; Oliva Lago; Purificación Rodríguez

Resumen En este artículo se revisan algunos resultados de la investigación evolutiva En España sobre el prejuicio étnico en la niñez y preadolescencia. Desde un enfoque sociocognitivo-evolutivo, se examinan algunos precursores del prejuicio en la infancia, como son las habilidades de categorización y autoidentificación étnica y las primeras actitudes, así como capacidades más tardías que surgen en la preadolescencia, relacionadas con la toma de conciencia de la discriminación social y de sus repercusiones en las víctimas. Algunos de estos resultados se comparan con los de investigaciones realizadas en países de composición multiétnica. Se describen también estudios con niños latinoamericanos que residen en España y se comparan los resultados obtenidos en ambos grupos (mayoritario y minoritario) discutiendo sus implicaciones sociales.


Estudios De Psicologia | 1994

Competencia conceptual y de procedimiento: comprensión de la propiedad conmutativa de la adición y estrategias de solución

Vicente Bermejo; Purificación Rodríguez

ResumenEn esta investigacion se analizan los factores implicados en la adquisicion de la estrategia aditiva de contar desde el sumando mayor y su relacion con el conocimiento de la propiedad conmutativa de la suma. Tres grupos de ninos con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y los 8 anos resuelven tres tareas (resolver sumas, comparar sumas y encontrar el sumando desconocido), en dos condiciones experimentales (presencia/ausencia del resultado) y con cuatro tipos de sumandos (1 + N; circulos + guarismos; hechos numericos; y hechos numericos superiores a la decena). En general, los resultados muestran que los factores grupo, tarea, presencia/ausencia del resultado y tipo de sumandos influyen en el rendimiento de los ninos. Asimismo, el analisis de las estrategias y errores nos ha permitido constatar la existencia de diferencias evolutivas entre los grupos. Por ultimo, nuestros datos ponen de manifiesto que las estrategias aditivas de contar desde el mayor se acompanan de un cierto exito en las tareas de conmut...


British Journal of Development Psychology | 2016

Detection of counting pseudoerrors: What helps children accept them?

Mª Oliva Lago; Purificación Rodríguez; Ana Escudero; Cristina Dopico

This study examines childrens comprehension of non-essential counting features (conventional rules). The objective of the study was to determine whether the presence or absence of cardinal values in pseudoerrors and the type of conventional rule violated affects childrens performance. A detection task with pseudoerrors was presented through a computer game to 146 primary school children in grades 2 through 4. The same pseudoerrors were presented both with and without cardinal values; the pseudoerrors violated conventional rules of spatial adjacency, temporal adjacency, spatial-temporal adjacency, and left-to-right direction. Half of the participants within each age group were randomly assigned to an experimental condition that included pseudoerrors with a cardinal value, and the other half were assigned to a condition that included pseudoerrors without a cardinal value. The results show that when presented with a cardinal value, children more easily recognize the optional nature of non-essential counting features. Likewise, the type of conventional rule transgressed significantly affected the childrens acceptance of pseudoerrors as valid counts. Participants penalized breaches of temporal and spatial-temporal adjacency to a greater degree than breaches of spatial adjacency and left-to-right direction.


European Journal of Psychology of Education | 1988

La Genèse de l’Opération d’Addition. Analyse de quelques Variables Significatives dans la Résolution de Problèmes Additifs

Vicente Bermejo; Purificación Rodríguez

Cette recherche fait partie d’un ensemble de travaux sur l’acquisition des notions mathematiques elementaires, organises dans le Departement de Psychologie developpementale et de 1’Education de l’universite Complutense de Madrid (Bermejo et Lago, 1986, sous presse; Bermejo et Rodriguez, 1986, 1987, sous presse a et b). L’objectif principal de cette etude est de montrer que l’acquisition et generalisation de l’operation d’addition ne se realise pas d’un seul coup, mais qu’elle demande un certain temps, des annees meme. L’enfant peut resoudre sans difficultes certains problemes d’addition, alors que suivant le type de tâches qui lui est propose, il echoue systematiquement. Cela permet de supposer l’existence de processus cognitifs differents, meme si la competence operative est similaire (ex.: l’operation additive). Par consequent, on pourrait emettre l’hypothese que le comportement enfantin dependra au moins des facteurs suivants: 1) la formulation du probleme pose, qu’elle soit verbale ou numerique (equation); 2) la structure semantique des epreuves verbales; et 3) la place de l’inconnue dans les termes du probleme.

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Ileana Enesco

Complutense University of Madrid

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Irene Solbes

Complutense University of Madrid

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Oliva Lago

Complutense University of Madrid

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Silvia Guerrero

Complutense University of Madrid

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Vicente Bermejo

Complutense University of Madrid

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Cristina Dopico

Complutense University of Madrid

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Laura Jiménez

Complutense University of Madrid

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M. Oliva Lago

Complutense University of Madrid

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Mª Oliva Lago

Complutense University of Madrid

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Ana Escudero

Complutense University of Madrid

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