Rafael Carlos Nepomuceno

Efeito da inclusão de farelo de arroz integral em rações para leitões de 21 a 42 dias de idade

Sixty castrated male and female piglets (commercial lineage), weaned at 21 days of age and average live weight of 5.4 ± 1.44 kg, were used aiming to evaluate the effect on productive performance, diarrhea, and economic viability of adding different levels of rice bran (RB) in rations for pigs. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15,0 and 20.0% of RB) and 6 replicates per treatment, where the experimental unit (plot) consisted of two animals. Results showed that daily mean feed intake (DMFI), daily mean weight gain (DMWG) and feed conversion (FC), as well as the occurrence of diarrhea, did not differ significantly (p>0.05) for the different levels of RB inclusion in the ration. The economic analysis showed no significant difference among treatments. It is concluded that adding rice bran up to 20% in pig ratios for the period from 21 to 42 days of age is technically viable.

Lighting programs for male and female meat quails (Coturnix coturnix) raised in equatorial region

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lighting programs for male and female meat quails raised in an equatorial region on performance and carcass traits. A total of 1,500 sexed quails (Coturnix coturnix) was distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 2 sexes (male and female) and 3 lighting programs (natural, intermittent, and continuous) with 5 replicates of 50 birds. The lighting programs were applied in the period from 7 to 49 d of age, being natural (12 h and 30 min of natural light and 11 h and 30 min of dark), intermittent (12 h and 30 min of natural light and 5 h and 30 min of artificial light, alternating lighting periods with one h and 06 min and periods of darkness with one h and 12 min), and continuous (23 h of natural + artificial light and one h of dark). Regardless of lighting program, female quails were heavier than males, and birds subjected to natural light weighed less than those exposed to continuous and intermittent lighting programs. Quails exposed to intermittent and continuous light presented higher weight gain and feed intake, and worse feed conversion ratio compared to birds under a natural light regimen. It is concluded that in an equatorial region, it is possible to use a lighting program with only natural light for raising male and female meat quails from 7 to 49 d of age.

Anacardato de cálcio como promotor de crescimento para leitões na fase de creche

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of calcium anacardate on the performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, intestinal morphometry, and pH of gastrointestinal contents in piglets from 21 to 42 days of age. Sixty weaned Topigs piglets, with initial weight of 6.049±0.311 kg, were distributed in the following treatments: diet with or without antibiotic growth promoter (zinc bacitracin) and diets supplemented with increasing levels of calcium anacardate (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2%), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. No differences in performance (21 to 42 days of age), blood parameters, and villus height:crypt depth ratio were found between piglets fed diets containing calcium anacardate or antibiotic growth promoter. The replacement of the antibiotic growth promoter zinc bacitracin by calcium anacardate results in similar performance in piglets from 21 to 42 days of age, without changes in blood parameters and in the villus height:crypt depth ratio. The dietary inclusion of calcium anacardate does not decrease diarrhea incidence compared with the antibiotic zinc bacitracin.

BEEF TALLOW AND EMULSIFIER IN GROWING-FINISHING PIG DIETS

Two trials were aimed to evaluate beef tallow in diets with and without emulsifier on performance of pigs at growing-finishing phases. In the first trial, 15 barrows (22.03±0.62 kg) were distributed among three treatments: reference diet; test diet 1 (5% beef tallow) and test diet 2 (10% beef tallow). Beef tallow presented average value of 7130.97 kcal ME/kg. For the performance trail, 30 barrows (24.85±1.18 kg) were distributed among five treatments: T1 - diet with soybean oil and 3230 kcal ME /kg; T2 - diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg; T3 - diet with beef tallow and 3080 kcal ME/kg; T4 - diet with beef tallow, 3080 kcal/kg and 0.1% emulsifier; T5 - diet with beef tallow, 2930 kcal ME/kg and 0.1% emulsifier. Feed conversion was worse in animals fed diet with 3080 kcal ME/kg containing beef tallow and with 2930 kcal ME/kg with beef tallow and emulsifier. For economic availability, animals fed diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg and those fed diet with 3080 kcal ME/kg containing beef tallow and emulsifier, did not differ from animals fed diet with soybean oil, which enables the reduction up to 150 kcal ME/kg be compensated by emulsifier addition.Two trials were aimed to evaluate beef tallow in diets with and without emulsifier on performance of pigs at growing-finishing phases. In the first trial, 15 barrows (22.03±0.62 kg) were distributed among three treatments: reference diet; test diet 1 (5% beef tallow) and test diet 2 (10% beef tallow). Beef tallow presented average value of 7130.97 kcal ME/kg. For the performance trail, 30 barrows (24.85±1.18 kg) were distributed among five treatments: T1 - diet with soybean oil and 3230 kcal ME /kg; T2 - diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg; T3 - diet with beef tallow and 3080 kcal ME/kg; T4 - diet with beef tallow, 3080 kcal/kg and 0.1% emulsifier; T5 - diet with beef tallow, 2930 kcal ME/kg and 0.1% emulsifier. Feed conversion was worse in animals fed diet with 3080 kcal ME/kg containing beef tallow and with 2930 kcal ME/kg with beef tallow and emulsifier. For economic availability, animals fed diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg and those fed diet with 3080 kcal ME/kg containing beef tallow and emulsifier, did not differ from animals fed diet with soybean oil, which enables the reduction up to 150 kcal ME/kg be compensated by emulsifier addition.

Neutral detergent fibre in piglet diets: digestibility, performance, and deposition of body nutrients

A total 120 piglets with an average live weight of 7.00 kg, weaned at 21 days, were used to evaluate the effect of neutral detergent fibre levels on the digestibility of nutrients and energy from the diets, productive performance, and the composition and rate of deposition of nutrients and energy in the bodies of piglets in the nursery phase. The animals were distributed according to a randomized-block design into five treatments, which consisted of neutral detergent fibre levels, with six replicates and four animals per plot. A quadratic effect was detected for the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and energy, feed intake and weight gain. The increase in fibre level promoted a linear increase in fat content in the carcass, blood, and body, whereas the energy in the carcass, organs, and body showed an inverse response. The results showed a quadratic effect on the nutrient deposition rate in the carcass, organs and body. In conclusion, the best digestibility of nutrients and energy from the diet is obtained with 10-11.5% neutral detergent fibre, as higher weight gain and greater protein deposition in the body are achieved at neutral detergent fibre levels of 10.6% and 10.3%, respectively.

Neutral detergent fibre in piglet diets: performance and gastrointestinal implications

The intestinal health of piglets depends on the balance between diet, microflora and mucosal integrity. Disruption of this balance can compromise the digestive functions, leading to diarrhoeal frame and decline in performance of piglets. However, the level and type of fibre can limit digestive disorders. Thirty newly weaned piglets were used to evaluate the levels of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in diets regarding performance, pH, viscosity and concentration of short chain fatty acids of digestive contents, gastrointestinal transit time, morphology of the intestinal mucosa, weights of organs and occurrence of diarrhoea. NDF level had quadratic effect on weight gain and feed conversion ratio of piglets, estimating best results at the level of 10.4%. NDF level had no effect on the pH, viscosity and concentration of short chain fatty acids. NDF levels below 10.2% or above 13.5% reduced the transit time of digesta. There was quadratic effect on villus height in the duodenum and jejunum and in the crypt depth of jejunum. There was linear increase in stomach, caecum and colon weights and linear decrease in the occurrence of diarrhoea according to increasing NDF levels. It is concluded that levels below 10.2% and above 13.5% reduce the transit time of digesta, whereas 12.2% NDF level results in better mucosa structure of the small intestinal, with an increase in the weights of the stomach, caecum and colon and a reduction in the occurrence of diarrhoea with increasing NDF level in diets, resulting in better performance of weaned piglets with 10.4% of NDF.

Níveis de farelo de coco em rações para leitões na fase de creche

A total of 32 male castrated boars and gilts of a commercial pig line aged 21 days and 6.20±0.92 kg of live weight were used to evaluate the performance and economical evaluation of copra meal inclusion in diets for piglets at nursery. Animals were allotted in a completely randomized block design with four treatments (0, 7, 14 and 21 % of copra meal), eight replicates per treatment and one animal as experimental unit. From 21 to 42 days of age, levels up to 7 % reduced daily weight gain of piglets (p<0.05). A quadratic trend on feed:gain ratio was observed from 42 to 63 days and total period (p<0.05), with better results at estimated level of 14.33 and 13.99 %, respectively. No effect of copra meal inclusion on economical variables was observed from 21 to 42 days of age. From 43 to 63 days and total period (21 to 63 days) a quadratic effect on economical indexes was observed with the inclusion of different levels of copra meal, with better results around 15 %. The inclusion of copra meal until the level of 7 % is recommended in piglet diets from 21 to 42 days of age. From 43 to 63 days, the estimated level of 15 % results in better performance and economical indexes. It is recommended to include up to 7 % of coconut meal in diets for pigs from 21 to 42 days old. From 43 to 63 days of age, the estimated level of 15 % resulted in better performance.

Viabilidade Econômica do Uso de Farelo de Arroz Integral em Rações para Leitões de 21 a 42 Dias de Idade

Foram utilizados 60 leitoes, femeas e machos castrados, de linhagem comercial, com media de 21 dias de idade e com peso inicial medio de 5,4 ± 1,44 kg, com o objetivo de se avaliar os efeitos da inclusao de farelo de arroz integral (FAI) nas racoes ate 42 dias de idade sobre a viabilidade economica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco niveis de inclusao de farelo de arroz integral: 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%; e seis repeticoes por tratamento. A unidade experimental foi constituida por dois animais (um macho castrado e uma femea). A analise economica mostrou que nao houve diferenca significativa entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de farelo de arroz integral foi viavel ate o nivel de 20% de inclusao nas dietas de leitoes no periodo de 21 a 42 dias de idade. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v14n1p50-53

Lysine requirement for piglets in the phase from 10 to 20kg in the condiction of NE Brazil

One experiment with piglets between 10 to 20 kg live weight was conducted to determine the lysine requirements. Were utilized a total 60 crossbred pigs, 30 barrows and 30 gilts in a randomized block design with four replications and three piglets(two barrows and one gilts or two gilts and one barrow) per experimental unit. The piglets were fed diets containing corn-soybean meal and sesame meal with five lysine levels(0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00 e 1.10%). Average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P 0.05) was observed. Based on ADG using the linear model and on feed-gain using the descontinous statistical model (LRP), the levels of 1.10 and 0.98% lysine were obtained respectively.