Gastão Barreto Espíndola

Efeito da temperatura e estocagem em ovos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and period of storage on the quality of eggs of commercial laying hens submitted to diets with corn, soy, and vegetal oils with energy level of 2850 kcal ME/kg and 18% of protein. The experimental procedure involved 224 commercial laying hens of the HY-LINE W-36 line, which were 23 weeks of age, divided into 5 cycles of 28 days. The isolated effect and the interaction of storage temperature (ambient and refrigeration) and storage period (7, 14 e 21 day) were evaluated. The variables studied were loss of weight, percentage of the yolk, percentage of the white, specific gravity, Haugh units, and coloration of raw egg yolk. The increase in the period of the storage of eggs, independent of the maintenance temperature, caused egg weight loss and reduced the specific gravity, Haugh unit values, and coloration of the raw egg yolk. The eggs kept under refrigeration presented (p 0.05) according to the storage temperature and period of storage, mainly for the following parameters: weight loss, percentages of the yolk and, specific gravity, and Haugh units.Recebido para publicacao em 7/11/2007 Aceito para publicacao em 6/1/2009 (002928) 1 Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia – UFRA, CEP 68515-000, Parauapebas PA, Brasil, E-mail: maria.vieira@ufra.edu.br; svsmaria@yahoo.com.br 2 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceara – UFC, CP 12168, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza CE, Brasil 3 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria – EMBRAPA, Caprinos, Sobral CE, Brasil 4 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceara – UFC, CP 12168, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza CE, Brasil 5 Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Ceara – UFC, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza CE, Brasil *A quem a correspondencia deve ser enviada Efeito da temperatura e estocagem em ovos

Efeito de diferentes métodos de muda forçada sobre o desempenho de poedeiras comerciais

Este experimento foi realizado para comparar o desempenho de poedeiras comerciais apos serem submetidas a diferentes metodos de muda forcada. Noventa e seis poedeiras Hy Line brancas com 85 semanas de idade foram distribuidas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - metodo convencional constituido da retirada do alimento durante os 12 primeiros dias do experimento; T2 - dieta com alto teor de zinco; T3 - dieta com baixa energia fornecida em quantidade limitada (45 g/ave.dia); e T4 - dieta com baixa energia fornecida a vontade. Os dados de producao apos a muda foram registrados durante cinco periodos de 28 dias. A porcentagem de postura (ave/dia) e a conversao alimentar (kg racao/kg ovo) foram melhores para as aves submetidas a muda por intermedio dos metodos convencional (T1), alto teor de Zn (T2) e dieta com baixa energia fornecida a vontade (T4) em relacao as aves submetidas a dieta com baixa energia fornecida em quantidade diaria limitada (T3). O peso do ovo foi mais alto para as aves dos tratamentos convencional (T1) e dieta com baixa energia a vontade (T4) em relacao as aves alimentadas com dietas com alto teor de zinco (T2) ou com baixa energia fornecida em quantidade limitada (T3). Os metodos de muda usados nao influiram no consumo de racao. O uso de dieta com baixa energia, quando fornecida a vontade, e dieta com alto teor de Zn, como metodos para inducao de muda, resultou em desempenho similar ao obtido com o metodo convencional.

Bancos de proteína de leucena e de guandu para suplementação de ovinos mantidos em pastagens de capim-buffel

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the use of Leucaena leucocephala and Cajanus cajan as protein sources, during the dry season for lambs grazing on buffel grass pastures. Nine experimental treatments resulting from the combination among three types of pasture (buffel grass, buffel grass+Cajanus cajan, and buffel grass+leucaena) and three stocking rates (4, 6 and 10 lambs/ ha) were tested. Eighteen paddocks (two replicates of pastures per treatment) of 0.5 ha were used. Sixty lambs with 19.4 kg live weight at the beginning of the experiment were allocated to pastures with water and mineral supplement offered ad libitum. Animal liveweight was recorded at 14 day-intervals after 16 hours of fasting. Lambs on the pasture of buffel grass+leucaena showed good performance with no variation in daily liveweight gain rate, when the stocking rate increased from 4 to 6 animals/ha. Buffel grass+Cajanus cajan pasture did not improve animal performance as compared to buffel grass pasture. It was concluded that leucaena, used as protein supplement, can improve the quality of buffel grass pastures.

Utilização de complexo enzimático em dietas à base de sorgo-soja para frangos de corte

The trial was conducted to evaluate the performance and morphologic changes of gastrointestinal tract and economic analysis for broilers fed sorghum-soybean meal-based diets, supplemented or not with multienzymatic complex (xilanase, amylase, protease), in the starting (experiment I) and finishing (experiment II) phases. The experiment was analyzed as a randomized block design with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement [three sorghum levels (0, 50, and 100%) x enzyme level (0 and 100%)]. The experimental unit was a box with 17 birds and eight replicates per treatment. In the experiment I (1 to 21 days), the sorghum-based diets did not affect feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion. However, the increase of level sorghum decreased gizzard weight and of enzyme increased jejunum and ileum weights. In the experiment II (22 to 42 days), the sorghum-based diets also did not affect broilers feed intake, weight gain, feed:gain ratio, and relative weights of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum. Increasing enzyme levels decreased significantly carcass yield and increased weights pf proventriculus, gizzard and pancreas. Based on the economic analysis, it is suggested the corn replacement with sorghum of 50% for starting and finishing broilers.

Níveis de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável na ração para codornas de corte

The effect of different CP (20, 22, 24, and 26% of CP) and ME (2,565, 2,715, 2,865, and 3,015 kcal of ME/kg. ) levels on the performance of meat quails was evaluated. Seven hundred and sixty-eight European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) of both sexes from 1 to 42 days of age were assigned to a completely randomized design with 4 x 4 factorial arrangement (protein x energy) and grouped into three clusters with 16 birds each. No significant interaction among protein-energy and protein levels on feed intake, weight gain, feed:gain ratio and viability was observed. However, increasing the dietary energy level resulted in linear reduction of feed intake and greater weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Feed intake of meat quails depends on the dietary energy level. Diet containing 20% CP and 2,865 kcal ME/kg account for better meat quail performance.

Inclusão da levedura de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) em dietas para frangos de corte

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), produced in the sugar cane distillery, in broiler chickens diets. Six hundred and seventy two one day old male broiler chicks, AGROSS line, were alloted to a completely randomized design with six treatments and one hundred and twelve birds per treatment, being eight replicates of fourteen birds per treatment. Treatments consisted of six isoproteic (22 and 20% of crude protein for initial and growing periods, respectively) and isocaloric (3000 and 3150 kcal ME/kg for initial and growing periods, respectively) diets. These diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal and different inclusion levels of yeast of sugar cane (YSC). The treatments were: T1 = Basal Diet (BD); T2 = BD + 1.5% YSC; T3 = BD + 3.0% YSC; T4 = BD + 4.5% YSC; T5 = BD + 6.0% YSC; T6 = BD + 7.5% YSC, resulting in six inclusion levels of YSC. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference among the treatments for weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, percentage of abdominal fat and moisture of the litter. According to the results, it can be concluded that it is possible the inclusion of up to 7.5% YSC in broiler diets without affecting their performance.

Efeito da suplementação com feno de Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit) durante a estação seca sobre o desenvolvimento ponderal de ovinos

O objetivo deste experimento foi estudar o desempenho de borregos suplementados com dois niveis de feno de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit), durante a estacao seca, em comparacao com animais mantidos em pastagem exclusiva de capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris, L) ou em pastagem consorciada de capim-buffel com guandu (Cajanus cajan). Durante a estacao das aguas, foi determinado ainda o desempenho dos animais que foram mantidos em pastagem comum de capim-buffel, sem suplementacao. Os seguintes tratamentos foram testados durante a estacao seca: A - pasto de capim-buffel; B - pasto de capim-buffel consorciado com guandu; C - pasto de capim-buffel suplementado com feno de leucena (250 g/animal•d); e D - pasto de capim-buffel suplementado com feno de leucena (500 g/animal•d). Durante a estacao seca, somente os borregos suplementados com o nivel mais alto de feno de leucena (tratamento D) apresentaram ganho diario de peso mais elevado que os animais mantidos em dieta exclusiva de pasto (tratamentos A e B). Na estacao das aguas, os animais que apresentaram melhor desempenho durante a estacao seca passaram a apresentar ganho diario de peso inferior em relacao aos dos demais tratamentos. Quando as duas estacoes foram consideradas em conjunto, a vantagem com a suplementacao desapareceu e nao houve diferencas entre tratamentos. O uso de feno de leucena para suplementacao de borregos mantidos a pasto, durante a estacao seca, e eficiente, desde que os animais estejam terminados e sejam abatidos ao final da estacao.

Effect of the enzyme supplementation of corn/soybean meal based diets on the performance of commercial laying hens.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of the inclusion of a commercial enzyme complex (alpha-amylase, xylanase and proteases) especific for corn and soybean meal based diets, on laying hens performance. One hundred and twenty eight Hy-line White Leghorns hens with 68 weeks of age, in the 2nd cycle of production were assigned to a completely randomized block design with four replications of four birds per block, totalizing 32 birds per treatment. Two isonitrogenous diets with different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and supplemented or not with enzyme. The treatments were: T1 - diet with 2850 kcal ME/kg; T2 - diet with 2850 kcal ME/kg and 0.1% enzyme; T3 - diet with 2750 kcal ME/kg; T4 - diet with 2750 kcal ME/kg and 0.1% enzyme. The experiment was run for 112 days divided in four periods of 28 days each. The studied variables were: egg production (% hen/day), feed intake (g/bird per day), egg weight (g), feed:egg mass (kg feed/kg egg), weight gain (g) and feed cost. Analysis of variance showed no effect of the enzyme supplementation on any of the studied variables. Diets supplemented with enzyme at the evaluated levels did not affect laying hens performance.

Avaliação nutricional de dietas contendo farelo de coco fornecido a coelhos destinados ao abate

This work evaluated the use of coconut bran (CB) in the feeding of slaughter rabbits. For the performance trial, 60 rabbits with 43 days of age were used, distributed in a CRD with 5 treatments, with 12 replications per treatment, lasting 42 days, with the inclusion of CB in the levels of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 18.75 and 25%. To test the digestibility of the diets used o CRD with five treatments and three replications during five days. In the performance test, there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) for the characteristics of weight gain, daily weight gain among the treatments, excluding the zero level. There was a quadratic effect (p < 0.05), among the treatments, excluding the zero level, for daily average intake and feed conversion. The average feed intake was different from the control (diets without CB) in the levels of 18.75 and 25%. The CB showed high values for digestibility coefficients (DC) of gross energy, crude protein and ether extract, an can be indicated in the diet until the 25% level in relation to food conversion and diets with increasing levels of CB. It has the benefit of improved DE; however, it presents reduction in the CDCP.

Lysine requirement for piglets in the phase from 10 to 20kg in the condiction of NE Brazil

One experiment with piglets between 10 to 20 kg live weight was conducted to determine the lysine requirements. Were utilized a total 60 crossbred pigs, 30 barrows and 30 gilts in a randomized block design with four replications and three piglets(two barrows and one gilts or two gilts and one barrow) per experimental unit. The piglets were fed diets containing corn-soybean meal and sesame meal with five lysine levels(0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00 e 1.10%). Average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P 0.05) was observed. Based on ADG using the linear model and on feed-gain using the descontinous statistical model (LRP), the levels of 1.10 and 0.98% lysine were obtained respectively.