Raffaella Castro Lima

Farelo de coco na ração de poedeiras comerciais: digestibilidade dos nutrientes, desempenho e qualidade dos ovos

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of coconut meal (CM) in diets on nutrients digestibility, performance and egg characteristics of commercial laying hens. A total of 150 laying hens, with 76 weeks of age was weighed and allotted to a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates of six birds in each experimental unit. Five diets were evaluated, one control, without CM and the others with 5, 10, 15, and 20% of CM. Diets were formulated to be isoprotein and isonitrogenous. Amounts of EE, CF and GE increased with inclusion of CM in diets. A quadratic effect was observed for the inclusion levels of CM on digestibility coefficients for DM, N, GE and the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and N corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) that reached the maximum at 15% of inclusion. Values of AME and AMEn were higher in diets containing 10, 15, and 20% of CM than that for diet without CM. Egg production, egg weight and egg mass were not affected by the inclusion levels of CM. Feed intake decreased and feed conversion improved as CM level increased in diets. Considering the results of dietary digestible energy, it could be recommended that coconut meal inclusion in the laying hen diet should not exceed the level of 15%.

Farelo de amêndoa da castanha de caju na alimentação de codornas japonesas na fase de postura

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of cashew nut meal (CNM) in diets on nutrient digestibility, bird performance and egg characteristics of Japanese quails. A total of 270 japanese quails with 17 weeks of age were weighed and distributed into a completely randomized design with six diets and nine replicates of five birds in each experimental unit. Treatments consisted of one diet without CNM (control) and five diets containing 4; 8; 12; 16 and 20% of CNM. There was a linear reduction on digestibility coefficient of DM and nitrogen. But, significant difference in relation to control diet was detected only with diet containing 20% of CNM. Values of fat digestibility, gross energy and metabolizable energy of the diets were not affected by the inclusion levels of CNM. Feed intake was not affected by the inclusion of CNM. However egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion decreased linearly as dietary CNM levels increased in diets. Percentages of albumen and yolk as well as yolk color, showed a quadratic effect as dietary CNM levels increased. Albumen percentage and yolk color increased and yolk percentage decreased as CNM increased up to the level of 9%. Comparing to control diet only treatment with 20% CNM produced lower egg production, egg weight, egg mass, yolk color and bird feed conversion. In conclusion CNM can be included in Japanese quail diets in levels up to 16%.

Níveis de sódio para codornas japonesas na fase de crescimento

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of sodium levels in the diet for the growing phase on the performance of Japanese quails during the the growth and production phases. It was used 480 quails at 1 day of age distributed in a completely randomized design with six diets containing 0.07; 0.12; 0.17; 0.22; 0.27 and 0.32% of sodium, evaluated with eight repetitions of ten birds per experimental unit. In the phase from 1 to 21 days of age, level of sodium had a linear effect on feed and water intake and a quadratic effect on weight gain and feed conversion whose best values were obtained with the levels of 0.23% and 0.21% of sodium, respectively. However, from 21 to 42 days of age, the increase in the level of sodium did not affect feed intake but it promoted a linear reduction of weight gain, increase on water consumption and a worse in feed conversion. In the complete period (1 to 42 days of age), the increase of sodium levels in the diet linearly increased water consumption and moisture of excreta and quadratically affected digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen and gross energy (GE) and the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent corrected energy (AMEn). Optimum levels of 0.20% and 0.27% were calculated for coefficients of DM and nitrogen digestibilities and 0.19% for coefficients of digestibility of gross energy, AME and AMEn. In general, the performance of quails during the laying period is not influenced by the sodium levels received in the growing phase. Feeds for Japanese quails at 1 to 42 days of age should be formulated with sodium levels between 0.12% and 0.23%.

Substituição do farelo de soja por levedura de cana-de-açúcar em rações para frangos de corte¹

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting the protein from soybean meal (SM) by yeast sugar cane (YSC) in broiler-chicken diets containing cashew nut meal (CNM). A total of 325 male chicks at one day old, were distributed completely randomly among five feeds with five replications of thirteen birds each. We tested five diets containing 20% CNM each and the levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% protein replacement of SM by YSC. According to regression analysis, there was a quadratic effect on feed intake and feed conversion by the protein replacement of SM by the YSC, and a linear effect on weight gain in the initial phase (1-21 days). However, substitution at levels up to 20% did not significantly impair performance at any of the different stages, and did not affect the carcass characteristics when compared to the control group. According to the economic study, the protein replacement of SM by YSC proved feasible up to 20%. It can be concluded that, for broiler-chicken diets containing 20% CNM, the SM protein can be replaced up to 20% YSC.

Níveis de sódio para codornas italianas destinadas à produção de carne

excretas. ABSTRACT. Sodium levels in Italian quails for meat production. In order to determine the best nutritional levels of chlorine in Italian quails destined for meat production (aged 1 to 49 days), 384 one-day-old quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and eight replications of eight birds per experimental unit. The chlorine levels evaluated were: 0.07, 0.12, 0.17, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.32%. There were no significant effects of the diet chlorine levels on any of the parameters evaluated. Considering that the chlorine levels did not cause any signs of deficit or excess that could be determined by changes in the performance of quails, we can recommend that diets for meat quails aged from 1 to 49 days may contain chlorine levels from 0.07 to 0.32%.

Substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de coco em rações contendo farelo da castanha de caju para frangos de corte

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of substitution level of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein in rations with cashew nut meal on the performance of broilers. It was used 325 male broiler chicks at one day of age, distributed into complete random designs with five treatments and five repetitions of 13 birds. It was tested the levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of substitution of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein in rations containg 20% of cashew nut meal. The substitution of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein at levels higher than 5% reduced linearly feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion only at the initial phase. It was also verified a quadratic effect on breast yield, which increased up to the level of 11.5%. In all rearing phases, substitutions up to the level of 20% did not significantly harm performance of birds neither altered carcass traits in relation to the control group. According to the economic study performed, substitution of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein was economically viable up to the level of 20%. Thus, in rations for broilers with 20% of cashew nut meal, soybean meal protein can be substituted by coconut meal protein at levels up to 20%.

Características de Carcaça de Codornas Europeias Alimentadas com Diferentes Níveis Protéicos

Objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento de carcaca de codornas europeias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) no 42° dia de idade, alimentadas com dietas isoenergeticas contendo cinco diferentes niveis de proteina bruta (16, 19, 22, 25 e 28%). Trezentas codornas europeias de 22 a 42 dias de idade foram distribuidas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e seis repeticoes de dez aves por unidade experimental. As variaveis observadas foram rendimento de carcaca (%), rendimento da coxa+sobrecoxa (%), rendimento de peito (%), rendimento da gordura corporal (%) e rendimento de visceras comestiveis (figado, moela e coracao). Observou-se efeito quadratico (P<0,01) da dieta sobre rendimento de carcaca, peito e moela e efeito linear (P<0,01) sobre o rendimento de coxa mais sobrecoxa e gordura corporal. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n1p53-55

Performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed diets containing cashew nut meal treated or not with antioxidant

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stability of cashew nut meal (CNM) treated or not with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at different storage times and the effect of diets containing this ingredient on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. A batch of 400 kg of freshly produced CNM was divided into five equal portions. One portion was stored with no antioxidant and the others were treated with 500 ppm of BHT at days zero, 7, 14 and 21. The oxidative stability of CNM was measured by the acidity index and peroxide index determined by weekly samplings of the CNM. At the end of the 35-day storage time, 15% of CNM treated or not with BHT was used in the formulation of broiler diets. A feed trial was carried out with 480 day-old male Ross chicks. Birds were randomly distributed among the 5 treatments with 8 replications of 12 birds each. Acidity index of CNM did not vary, regardless of antioxidant use. However, PI values for CNM with or without BHT increased with storage time. Treatments did not affect broiler performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion), carcass characteristics (carcass yield, breast yield and percentage of liver and abdominal fat), liver moisture, ether extract and abdominal fat moisture content. The ether extract content of the liver, nevertheless, was lower in birds that received diet containing CNM treated with BHT at day zero of storage than those from the control treatment. CNM stored for 35 days without BHT suffered a lipid peroxidation process. However, the use of 15% of this ingredient in diets did not affect broiler performance and carcass characteristics.

Performance of broiler chickens reared at two stocking densities and coir litter with different height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens reared at two stocking densities and coir litter with different height. A total of 522 one-day male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3×2 factorial arrangement, with three litter height (5, 10 and 15 cm) and two densities (10 and 13 birds/m2), with six triplicates. The experimental period lasted 42 days, evaluating pH and litter moisture; performance; carcass traits; bone quality; and intensities of breast, hock and footpad lesions in the birds. Regarding the effect of density, a significant influence was observed only on performance, wherein the birds reared at the density of 13 birds/m2 showed lower intake and weight gain and better feed conversion than those reared at the density of 10 birds/m2. Irrespective of the rearing density and litter height, the hock and footpad lesions were frequent, and with severe intensity. It is concluded that coir with 5 cm height can be used to housing up to 13 birds/m2; however, the high rate of hock and footpad lesions makes the use of coir in the evaluated form unfeasible.

Cottonseed meal in broiler diets with or without enzyme supplements

This experiment was carried out with the aim of evaluating diets containing cottonseed as a substitute for soybean meal protein, with or without enzyme supplements, on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of 350 chicks were distributed in a completely randomised experimental design, in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme (2 levels of substitution: 10% or 20% x with or without enzyme supplementation + control diet), giving a total of five treatments with seven replications. When compared to the control diet, in the pre-initial phase, the chicks submitted to the diets containing cottonseed meal showed higher feed intake and weight gain. However, when the periods, from 1 to 21 days and from 1 to 42 days, were evaluated, the performance of the birds was similar. Over the total breeding period, there was an effect from the level of substitution and the enzyme supplement, where a substitution of 20% and the addition of enzymes resulted in better weight gain. For carcass characteristics, it was found that a diet with 10% substitution and the addition of enzymes increased thigh weight in comparison to the control diet, and a substitution of 20%, gave greater yield of the upper thigh. Greater thigh weight was also found with the addition of enzymes. It can be concluded that cottonseed meal can be used as a substitute for 20% of the soybean meal protein in broiler diets supplemented with the enzymes phytase and xylanase.Este experimento foi conduzido com a finalidade de avaliar dietas contendo farelo de algodao em substituicao a proteina do farelo de soja, com ou sem suplementacao enzimatica sobre o desempenho e caracteristicas de carcaca de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 350 pintos distribuidos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 + 1 (2 niveis de substituicao: 10 ou 20% x suplementacao ou nao com enzimas + dieta controle), totalizando cinco tratamentos, com sete repeticoes. Quando comparados a dieta controle, na fase pre-inicial, os pintos submetidos as dietas contendo farelo de algodao apresentaram maior consumo de racao e ganho de peso. No entanto, quando avaliados os periodos de 1 a 21 e 1 a 42 dias, o desempenho das aves foi semelhante. No periodo total da criacao, houve efeito do nivel de substituicao e da suplementacao enzimatica, em que a substituicao de 20% e a adicao de enzimas resultaram em melhor ganho de peso. Nas caracteristicas de carcaca, verificou-se que a dieta com 10% de substituicao com adicao de enzimas aumentou o peso da coxa, em comparacao a dieta controle e a substituicao de 20% em maior rendimento de sobrecoxa. Tambem foi verificado maior peso de coxa com a adicao das enzimas. Conclui-se que o farelo de algodao pode ser utilizado em substituicao de 20% da proteina do farelo de soja em dietas com suplementacao das enzimas fitase e xilanase para frangos de corte.