Roseane Madeira Bezerra

Substituição do farelo de soja por levedura de cana-de-açúcar em rações para frangos de corte¹

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting the protein from soybean meal (SM) by yeast sugar cane (YSC) in broiler-chicken diets containing cashew nut meal (CNM). A total of 325 male chicks at one day old, were distributed completely randomly among five feeds with five replications of thirteen birds each. We tested five diets containing 20% CNM each and the levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% protein replacement of SM by YSC. According to regression analysis, there was a quadratic effect on feed intake and feed conversion by the protein replacement of SM by the YSC, and a linear effect on weight gain in the initial phase (1-21 days). However, substitution at levels up to 20% did not significantly impair performance at any of the different stages, and did not affect the carcass characteristics when compared to the control group. According to the economic study, the protein replacement of SM by YSC proved feasible up to 20%. It can be concluded that, for broiler-chicken diets containing 20% CNM, the SM protein can be replaced up to 20% YSC.

Fibra na ração de crescimento e seus efeitos no desempenho de poedeiras nas fases de crescimento e postura

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos dos niveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) das racoes oferecidas para as aves entre a 7a e 17a semanas de idade sobre o desempenho, o desenvolvimento dos sistemas digestorio e reprodutor, bem como os efeitos na maturidade sexual, no desempenho e na qualidade dos ovos na fase de postura.Foram distribuidas 1.296 aves em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de tres niveis de FDN e duas linhagens, com quatro repeticoes de 54 aves. Foram testados os niveis de 14,5; 16,5; e 18,5% de FDN em aves leves e semipesadas. Ao final da fase de crescimento, as aves foram transferidas para o galpao de postura, mantendo o mesmo delineamento, composto por 14 aves por parcela. Nao houve interacao entre os niveis de FDN e as linhagens para as variaveis avaliadas. Na fase de crescimento, o aumento do nivel de FDN reduziu o ganho de peso e o peso final, piorou a conversao alimentar e aumentou o peso dos intestinos. Na fase de postura, os niveis de FDN nao influenciaram o desempenho das aves nem os constituintes e a qualidade dos ovos. Na fase de crescimento, as aves semipesadas apresentaram maior consumo, ganho de peso e peso final, melhor conversao alimentar, peso maior da moela e menor do figado e do ovario. Na fase de postura, as aves leves foram mais precoces, apresentaram menor peso e massa de ovos, pior conversao alimentar, ovos com mais gema, menos albumen, maior densidade especifica e menores unidades Haugh. Independentemente da linhagem, o aumento do nivel de FDN em racoes para crescimento pode influenciar o desempenho das frangas, resultando em aves menos pesadas, sem influenciar a maturidade sexual, o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos na fase de postura.

Electrolyte balance in diets with reduced protein for semi-weighted laying hens in the second production cycle

The objective was to evaluate the effect of electrolyte balance in diets with reduced protein for semi-weighted Bovans Goldline laying hens in the second production cycle. The design was completely randomized with five treatments and seven replicates of six birds per experimental unit. Treatment 1 consisted of a control diet containing 165.0 g/kg crude protein (CP), formulated with the addition of DL-methionine to meet birds requirements during the experimental period. To compose the treatments 2-5 (BE149, BE167, BE185 and BE203), a basal diet with reduced protein (135.0 g/kg CP) supplemented with synthetic amino acids DL-methionine, L-lysine, L- threonine, L-valine and L-tryptophan was formulated. This basal diet was supplemented with potassium carbonate, to replace the inert, so as to provide four levels of potassium (5.86, 6.56, 7.26 and 7.96 g/kg) corresponding to the electrolyte balance of 171, 149, 167, 185 and 203 meq/kg, respectively. There was increased linear effect for feed intake and decreasing linear effect for albumen weight and yolk percentage and quadratic effect for conversion per dozen and per egg mass. Crude protein is recommended at 135.0g/kg with 6.77 g/kg potassium and electrolyte balance of 172.51meq/kg in the diet of semi-weighted laying hens in the second production cycle.

Bone quality of laying hens fed different levels of fiber in the growth phase (7 to 17 weeks of age)

The effects of neutral detergent fiber levels (NDF) (145, 165, 185 g/kg) were assessed on the bone quality of light-weight and medium-weight laying hens. Eight hundred and forty laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two strains and three NDF levels) with four replications of 35 birds. At the end of the growth phase, birds were transferred to a laying shed in the same experimental design and each experimental plot consisted of 14 birds. For bone assessment, two birds were selected per plot in the 17th week and one bird in the 35th week for slaughter. After slaughter, drumstick and thigh (legs) were removed and after deboning of the femur and tibia, taken to measurement of their length, weight, Seedor index, resistance, deformity, dry matter, mineral residue and crude protein. The data analysis showed no significant interaction between the factors NDF level and strain for any of the variables assessed at the different phases. The NDF level in the diet did not significantly influence bone growth, quality and composition at the end of the growing and laying phases. Medium-weight birds presented larger and heavier femur and tibia, with a greater Seedor index and less deformity, ash content and protein than the light-weight birds. Resistance did not vary significantly among the strains. A diet intended for laying hens at the growth phase can contain up to 185 g/kg NDF without causing problems in bone development and quality of laying hens.

Níveis de cloro para codornas japonesas na fase de postura

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de quatro niveis de cloro sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas na fase de producao, 288 codornas com 17 semanas de idade foram distribuidas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, oito repeticoes e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os niveis de cloro avaliados foram 0,07; 0,12; 0,17; 0,22; 0,27 e 0,32% e os parâmetros de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos foram: consumos de racao e agua, porcentagem de postura, peso e massa de ovos, conversao alimentar, umidade das excretas, coeficientes de digestibilidade da materia seca (CDMS), nitrogenio (CDN) e energia bruta (CDEB), energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida (EMAn), unidade Haugh, porcentagens de albumen, gema e casca. Os niveis de cloro nao influenciaram significativamente nenhuma dessas variaveis, entretanto, a gravidade especifica aumentou linearmente com o acrescimo de cloro na racao. Pode-se recomendar que racoes para codornas japonesas na fase de producao sejam formuladas com niveis de cloro de ate 0,32%.

Performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed diets containing cashew nut meal treated or not with antioxidant

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stability of cashew nut meal (CNM) treated or not with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at different storage times and the effect of diets containing this ingredient on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. A batch of 400 kg of freshly produced CNM was divided into five equal portions. One portion was stored with no antioxidant and the others were treated with 500 ppm of BHT at days zero, 7, 14 and 21. The oxidative stability of CNM was measured by the acidity index and peroxide index determined by weekly samplings of the CNM. At the end of the 35-day storage time, 15% of CNM treated or not with BHT was used in the formulation of broiler diets. A feed trial was carried out with 480 day-old male Ross chicks. Birds were randomly distributed among the 5 treatments with 8 replications of 12 birds each. Acidity index of CNM did not vary, regardless of antioxidant use. However, PI values for CNM with or without BHT increased with storage time. Treatments did not affect broiler performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion), carcass characteristics (carcass yield, breast yield and percentage of liver and abdominal fat), liver moisture, ether extract and abdominal fat moisture content. The ether extract content of the liver, nevertheless, was lower in birds that received diet containing CNM treated with BHT at day zero of storage than those from the control treatment. CNM stored for 35 days without BHT suffered a lipid peroxidation process. However, the use of 15% of this ingredient in diets did not affect broiler performance and carcass characteristics.

Caldo de cana desidratado na ração de codornas de corte

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of dehydrated cane juice (DCJ) on the performance, carcass quality, and economic index of European quails ( Coturnix coturnix), during the period from 22 to 42 days of age. One hundred and ninety-two quails with 22 days of age were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and six replicates of eight birds each. DCJ was added at 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5% in the feed. The economic feasibility of including DCJ levels in the feed was evaluated through relative gross margin. In the period from 29 to 35 days of age, there was increased linear effect of feed intake with the increase of DCJ in the feed. However, there was a quadratic effect of DCJ levels on carcass, drumstick+thigh, and abdominal fat weights, and the estimated optimum levels were 1.69, 2.50, and 2.34%, respectively. There was a decreasing linear effect of DCJ levels on breast weight with and without skin. Economic analysis showed higher profits to the producer with the use of conventional feed. However, among the DCJ levels of inclusion, the level of 1.5% showed the best results, with a difference of 0.47% in relative gross margin when compared to the conventional feed. The addition of 1.69 and 2.50% of dehydrated cane juice in the feed is recommended to achieve higher carcass and drumstick+thigh weights in meat quails, respectively.

Rendimento de Carcaça de Frangos de Corte em Dietas com Redução Proteica Suplementadas com Lglutamato

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da reducao proteica e a suplementacao de L-Glutamato sobre o rendimento de carcaca de frangos de corte aos 42 dias de idade, 540 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb 500 foram distribuidos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, seis repeticoes de quinze aves por unidade experimental. O primeiro tratamento consistiu de uma racao Controle formulada em funcao do atendimento das exigencias dos aminoacidos essenciais limitantes para cada fase de criacao com suplementacao de lisina, metionina e treonina. Alem da suplementacao dos aminoacidos citados anteriormente, a L-valina foi suplementada no segundo tratamento e a reducao de proteina forneceu o proximo aminoacido limitante para formular o terceiro tratamento, que no caso foi a L-isoleucina. De forma semelhante, no quarto tratamento ocorreu a suplementacao de L-arginina. Para os tratamentos 5 e 6, as racoes foram suplementadas com a Lglutamato em quantidades suficientes para atender os requerimentos minimos de proteina para cada uma das fases. As variaveis avaliadas foram: rendimento (%) da carcaca, de peito e de coxa, peso absoluto (g) e relativo (%) da gordura abdominal. Os dados finais da racao Controle apresentaram melhores resultados para pesos de carcaca e peito. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v14n2p184-187