Nádia de Melo Braz

Farelo de coco na ração de poedeiras comerciais: digestibilidade dos nutrientes, desempenho e qualidade dos ovos

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of coconut meal (CM) in diets on nutrients digestibility, performance and egg characteristics of commercial laying hens. A total of 150 laying hens, with 76 weeks of age was weighed and allotted to a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates of six birds in each experimental unit. Five diets were evaluated, one control, without CM and the others with 5, 10, 15, and 20% of CM. Diets were formulated to be isoprotein and isonitrogenous. Amounts of EE, CF and GE increased with inclusion of CM in diets. A quadratic effect was observed for the inclusion levels of CM on digestibility coefficients for DM, N, GE and the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and N corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) that reached the maximum at 15% of inclusion. Values of AME and AMEn were higher in diets containing 10, 15, and 20% of CM than that for diet without CM. Egg production, egg weight and egg mass were not affected by the inclusion levels of CM. Feed intake decreased and feed conversion improved as CM level increased in diets. Considering the results of dietary digestible energy, it could be recommended that coconut meal inclusion in the laying hen diet should not exceed the level of 15%.

Farelo de amêndoa da castanha de caju na alimentação de codornas japonesas na fase de postura

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of cashew nut meal (CNM) in diets on nutrient digestibility, bird performance and egg characteristics of Japanese quails. A total of 270 japanese quails with 17 weeks of age were weighed and distributed into a completely randomized design with six diets and nine replicates of five birds in each experimental unit. Treatments consisted of one diet without CNM (control) and five diets containing 4; 8; 12; 16 and 20% of CNM. There was a linear reduction on digestibility coefficient of DM and nitrogen. But, significant difference in relation to control diet was detected only with diet containing 20% of CNM. Values of fat digestibility, gross energy and metabolizable energy of the diets were not affected by the inclusion levels of CNM. Feed intake was not affected by the inclusion of CNM. However egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion decreased linearly as dietary CNM levels increased in diets. Percentages of albumen and yolk as well as yolk color, showed a quadratic effect as dietary CNM levels increased. Albumen percentage and yolk color increased and yolk percentage decreased as CNM increased up to the level of 9%. Comparing to control diet only treatment with 20% CNM produced lower egg production, egg weight, egg mass, yolk color and bird feed conversion. In conclusion CNM can be included in Japanese quail diets in levels up to 16%.

Alimentação de codornas de postura com rações contendo levedura de cana-de-açúcar

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of diets containing different levels of sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on production performance of laying quails. Two hundred and forty birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15% of sugar cane yeast) and eight replications of five quails. Egg production and egg mass were not affected by treatments. Feed intake and egg weight increased linearly as the level of sugar cane yeast increased in diets, while feed conversion decreased. Percentages of egg albumen and egg yolk were not affected by diets. However a quadratic effect was found for shell percentage and egg yolk color. The sugar cane yeast can be included up to 11% in diets for laying quails.

Extratos etanólicos de manga como antioxidantes na alimentação de poedeiras

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts of mango seeds and peel on laying hen performance, egg quality, and egg lipid stability. A total of 180 Hisex White hens were randomly distributed in six treatments, with five replicates of six birds. The treatments consisted of: ration without antioxidant; ration with 200 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); ration with 200 or 400 ppm of mango peel extract (Ecas); and ration with 200 or 400 ppm of mango seed extract (Ecar). Feed intake, egg production, egg weight, produced egg mass (gram by bird per day), feed conversion, and egg quality were evaluated. Yolk lipid oxidation during storage was determined by quantification of thiobarbituric acid‑reactive substances. Birds fed diet without antioxidants produced eggs with the lowest Haugh unit values and the highest lipid oxidation of yolk. Ecas at 400 ppm and Ecar at 200 or 400 ppm were effective to prevent oxidative damage of eggs during storage and may be used in the diet of laying hens as a replacement for synthetic antioxidant.

Fibra na ração de crescimento e seus efeitos no desempenho de poedeiras nas fases de crescimento e postura

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos dos niveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) das racoes oferecidas para as aves entre a 7a e 17a semanas de idade sobre o desempenho, o desenvolvimento dos sistemas digestorio e reprodutor, bem como os efeitos na maturidade sexual, no desempenho e na qualidade dos ovos na fase de postura.Foram distribuidas 1.296 aves em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de tres niveis de FDN e duas linhagens, com quatro repeticoes de 54 aves. Foram testados os niveis de 14,5; 16,5; e 18,5% de FDN em aves leves e semipesadas. Ao final da fase de crescimento, as aves foram transferidas para o galpao de postura, mantendo o mesmo delineamento, composto por 14 aves por parcela. Nao houve interacao entre os niveis de FDN e as linhagens para as variaveis avaliadas. Na fase de crescimento, o aumento do nivel de FDN reduziu o ganho de peso e o peso final, piorou a conversao alimentar e aumentou o peso dos intestinos. Na fase de postura, os niveis de FDN nao influenciaram o desempenho das aves nem os constituintes e a qualidade dos ovos. Na fase de crescimento, as aves semipesadas apresentaram maior consumo, ganho de peso e peso final, melhor conversao alimentar, peso maior da moela e menor do figado e do ovario. Na fase de postura, as aves leves foram mais precoces, apresentaram menor peso e massa de ovos, pior conversao alimentar, ovos com mais gema, menos albumen, maior densidade especifica e menores unidades Haugh. Independentemente da linhagem, o aumento do nivel de FDN em racoes para crescimento pode influenciar o desempenho das frangas, resultando em aves menos pesadas, sem influenciar a maturidade sexual, o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos na fase de postura.

Fiber level for laying hens during the growing phase

Feeding management of laying hens has been focused on the direct influence of nutrient intake on weight gain, especially at growing phase. This study evaluates nutrient digestibility, performance, development of the digestive tract, body composition, and bone quality of two strains of laying hens fed with different levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) during the growing phase from the 7th to the 12th week of age. A total of 1,296 birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (two strains x three levels of NDF) with four replicates of 54 birds per treatment. Semi-heavy (Hy Line Brown) and light-strain (Lohman LSL) pullets were allotted to dietary treatments consisting of 14.50, 16.50, and 18.50% NDF. An interaction between strains and NDF levels was observed only for feed/gain ratio and light-strain pullets had lower performance with 18.50% NDF. The increasing levels of NDF in the diet reduced the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and the values of metabolizable energy. Higher levels of NDF in the diet increased the relative weight of liver and intestines and reduced gizzard weight. It was also observed differences between bone quality and composition of the femur and tibia of light and semi-heavy hens. The increase in NDF level in ration for growing phase laying hens above 14.50% decreases the nutrient digestibility and the metabolizable energy of the diet; however, it does not affect the carcass composition, bone quality, feed intake, and weight gain, although it may impair feed conversion of light-strain pullets.

Bone quality of laying hens fed different levels of fiber in the growth phase (7 to 17 weeks of age)

The effects of neutral detergent fiber levels (NDF) (145, 165, 185 g/kg) were assessed on the bone quality of light-weight and medium-weight laying hens. Eight hundred and forty laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two strains and three NDF levels) with four replications of 35 birds. At the end of the growth phase, birds were transferred to a laying shed in the same experimental design and each experimental plot consisted of 14 birds. For bone assessment, two birds were selected per plot in the 17th week and one bird in the 35th week for slaughter. After slaughter, drumstick and thigh (legs) were removed and after deboning of the femur and tibia, taken to measurement of their length, weight, Seedor index, resistance, deformity, dry matter, mineral residue and crude protein. The data analysis showed no significant interaction between the factors NDF level and strain for any of the variables assessed at the different phases. The NDF level in the diet did not significantly influence bone growth, quality and composition at the end of the growing and laying phases. Medium-weight birds presented larger and heavier femur and tibia, with a greater Seedor index and less deformity, ash content and protein than the light-weight birds. Resistance did not vary significantly among the strains. A diet intended for laying hens at the growth phase can contain up to 185 g/kg NDF without causing problems in bone development and quality of laying hens.

Farelo integral de arroz parboilizado submetido a armazenamento prolongado para alimentação de codornas de corte

The objective of this work was to evaluate the oxidative stability of parboiled rice bran (PRB) during storage and the effects of its use on meat quail feeding. Two hundred forty-five animals, with seven days of age, of both sexes, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments in a 2x2+1 factorial arrangement and seven replicates of seven chicks. The following treatments were evaluated: control diet, without PRB; and inclusion levels of 10 and 20% of 180-day-storaged PRB (SPRB) or of new PRB (NPRB) in the control diet. There was lipid oxidation of PRB during storage, the acid index was 4.25 and 63.50 (% as oleic acid) and the peroxide index was 15.64 and 38.28 meq kg-1 for NPRB and SPRB, respectively. The inclusion of PRB resulted in lower dry matter and nitrogen digestibility and in higher metabolizable energy value of feed when compared to the control diet. The inclusion of 20% SPRB resulted in lower metabolizable energy of feed than the addition of NPRB. The inclusions did not influence performance, carcass traits, relative weights of the liver and pancreas, and bone growth and quality. The SPRB, although rancid, can be used as feed for meat quail at levels up to 20% inclusion.

Níveis de cloro para codornas japonesas na fase de postura

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de quatro niveis de cloro sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas na fase de producao, 288 codornas com 17 semanas de idade foram distribuidas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, oito repeticoes e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os niveis de cloro avaliados foram 0,07; 0,12; 0,17; 0,22; 0,27 e 0,32% e os parâmetros de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos foram: consumos de racao e agua, porcentagem de postura, peso e massa de ovos, conversao alimentar, umidade das excretas, coeficientes de digestibilidade da materia seca (CDMS), nitrogenio (CDN) e energia bruta (CDEB), energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida (EMAn), unidade Haugh, porcentagens de albumen, gema e casca. Os niveis de cloro nao influenciaram significativamente nenhuma dessas variaveis, entretanto, a gravidade especifica aumentou linearmente com o acrescimo de cloro na racao. Pode-se recomendar que racoes para codornas japonesas na fase de producao sejam formuladas com niveis de cloro de ate 0,32%.

Blood parameters and enzymatic and oxidative activity in the liver of chickens fed with calcium anacardate

The aim of this research was to evaluate the inclusion of calcium anacardate (CAC) as a source of anacardic acid in the diet of broiler chickens on blood parameters, and enzymatic and oxidative activity in the liver. A total of 840 male chicks, one day old, were kept in a completely randomised experimental design, with six treatments and seven replications of 20 birds, totalling 140 birds per treatment. The treatments consisted of feed without the addition of growth promoter (GP), feed with GP, and feed with no GP and the addition of CAC at levels of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%. The biochemical blood variables to be analysed were uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, creatinine, AST, ALT, triglycerides, total erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, total leukocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes, platelets and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde were analysed for the enzymatic and oxidative parameters in the liver. There were no significant differences between treatments in the blood parameters or the enzymatic and oxidative activity in the liver of the chickens, demonstrating that the use of calcium anacardate as a source of anacardic acid is non-toxic, and does not affect these parameters.