Raj Kumar Nagpal

Maintaining Power Integrity by damping the cavity-mode anti-resonances' peaks on a power plane by Particle Swarm Optimization

To maintain Power Integrity in a high speed system, an effective methodology for suppressing the cavity-mode anti-resonances peaks is presented. The optimum values and the optimal positions of the decoupling capacitors are found using Particle Swarm Optimization, which leads to optimum impedance of power plane loaded with decoupling capacitors. Optimum number of capacitors and their values, by which impedance of loaded board is matched below the target impedance of the system, are found.

DESIGN OF PLANAR EBG STRUCTURES USING CUCKOO SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR POWER/GROUND NOISE SUPPRESSION

This paper deals with the application of a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, namely the Cuckoo Search Algorithm in design of the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. These EBG structures are employed for the purpose of suppressing power/ground noise in printed circuit boards. A design example of 2D planar EBG structure in the specifled frequency band is presented and implemented. The measured results are found to be in good agreement with the simulation as well as the analytical results.

Power Integrity analysis and discrete optimization of decoupling capacitors on high speed power planes by particle swarm optimization

Power Integrity problem for a high speed power plane is discussed in context of selection and placement of decoupling capacitors. The s-parameters data of power plane geometry and capacitors are used for the accurate analysis including bulk capacitors and VRM, for a real world problem. The optimal capacitors and their optimum locations on the board are found using particle swarm optimization. A novel and accurate methodology is presented which can be used for any high speed Power delivery Network.

A novel EBG structure with super-wideband suppression of simultaneous switching noise in high speed circuits

A novel uniplanar electromagnetic band-gap structure to maintain power integrity by suppressing simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is presented. The EBG structure with stopband from 750 MHz to 5.10 GHz is designed, fabricated and validated using network analyzer. Simulation results are verified by measurements and compared with the earlier published structures. Suppression of resonant cavity modes of power plane by EBG structure is also shown. The adoption of EBG structure in power deliver network is recommended to reduce the high frequency noise coupling between neighboring devices. These structures further help in better EMI/EMC compliance of the product by attenuating the propagation of high frequency noise between devices. The EBG structure usage can be on board, package or at die level.

Robust optimization of serial link system for signal integrity and power integrity

Signal Integrity (SI) and Power Integrity (PI) are the most critical issues for higher operational speeds in semiconductor industry. This work identifies and optimizes the parameters of board, package and termination environment, influencing the signal integrity and power integrity of serial link. System level model has been created for USB HSLINK taking into account the external parameters like board, package, measurement environment which influence the performance of the channel. Parameters variations appearing from manufactura-bility constraints, material property constraints, design tolerance etc affecting the serial link performance has been optimized using Taguchi method based on statistical co-analysis. Using the Taguchi statistical techniques, sensitivity analysis on parameter variations affecting HSLINK performance is analyzed and optimized for desired performance.

Selection and placement of decoupling capacitors in high speed systems

The Power Integrity problem for high speed systems is discussed in context of selection and placement of decoupling capacitors. Power Integrity is maintained by damping the cavity mode peaks at resonant frequencies using decoupling capacitors. This article focuses on damping cavity mode effects in power delivery networks by the particle swarm optimization technique. The s-parameter data of power plane geometry and capacitors are used for the accurate analysis including bulk capacitors and VRM, for a real world problem. The optimal capacitors and their locations on the board are found using the presented methodology, which can be used for similar power delivery networks in high speed systems.

Signal Integrity and Power Integrity Issues at System Level

Abstract System-level signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI) problems are taken into account. System-level simulation of high-speed systems with effect of external environment is described. SI and PI issues with complete analysis of package, board, termination, squid card, and decoupling network are shown. Common problems of simulations-passivity violation, stability, causality, and interoperability, are also discussed.

Mitigation of simultaneous switching noise on EBG planes using firefly algorithm

In this paper, a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm is proposed for the design of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures to suppress simultaneous switching noise (SSN) on printed circuit boards. This algorithm offers optimized dimensions of EBG unit cell at desired frequency band. A design example of 2D planar EBG structure in the specified frequency band is presented. The simulated results are found to be in good agreement with the analytical results.

Decoupling network optimization in high speed systems by mixed-integer programming

Power Integrity is maintained in a high speed system by designing an efficient decoupling network. This paper provides a generic formulation for decoupling capacitor selection and placement problem which is solved by mixed-integer programming. A real-world example is presented for the same. The minimum number of capacitors that could achieve the target impedance over the desired frequency range are found along with their optimal locations. In order to solve an industrial problem, the s-parameters data of power plane geometry and capacitors are used for the accurate analysis including bulk capacitors and VRM.

Application of nature inspired algorithms in power delivery network design: An industrial case study

This paper presents application of nature inspired algorithms for solving an industrial problem of power delivery network design. To achieve the target impedance in a power delivery network, optimum number of decoupling capacitors and their optimum locations on board are found from thousands of available capacitors. S-parameters based data is used for the accurate analysis. Three natural computing algorithms - Particle Swarm Optimization, Cuckoo Search and Firefly Algorithm are used and compared for solving this problem.