Raymond-Philippe Garry

Correlation between chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. VI. Activity of some African essential oils.

Abstract The composition of thirteen essential oils of African origin (mostly Cameroon) were examined by GC and GC/MS. Oils of Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich.(Fruits), X. parviflora (A. Rich) Benth. (Fruits), Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal (Fruits), M. brevipes Benth. (Seeds), Annona senegalensis Pers. (Fruits), Cananga odorata Hook. f. et Thomson (Fruits, Leaves), Tagetes minuta L. (Leaves, Flowers), Hernan-dia voyroni R. Cap. (Bark), Ageratum conyzoides L. (Leaves), Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (Leaves) and Aframomum citratum Pereira ex Oliv. et Hanb.) (Seeds) were included in this study. The major components of the oils were X. aethiopica: β-pinene (17.4%), sabinene (23.9%) and terpinen-4-ol (12.9%); X. parviflora: α-pinene (14.0%) and β-pinene (40.0%); M. myristica: α-phellandrene (48.8%) and α-pinene (15.9%); M. brevipes: α-phellandrene (74.9%), A. senegalensis; α-phellandrene (24.9%), α-pinene (11.9%) and myrcene (11.3%); C. odorata Fruits: α-pinene (11.1%), myrcene (24.7%) and sabinene (34.3%); C....

Essential Oils of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The Chemical Composition of Oils of Various Origins (Morocco, Spain, France)

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from various geographical origins (Morocco, Spain and France) was determined by GC/MS. Although 48 constituents were identified, the oils of different origins could be differentiated based both on their physicochemical characteristics and their major components. The Spanish oils were found to be rich in α-pinene (19.4–24.7%), 1,8-cineole (19.0–21.8%) and camphor (16.3–18.9%), while the French oils possessed α-pinene (19.9–35.1%), 1,8-cineole (5.3–24.8%) and bornyl acetate (1.2–14.3%). Moroccan oils were typically rich in 1,8-cineole (43.5–57.7%).

Essential Oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) of the Mediterranean Littoral

Abstract The chemical compositions of 15 commercial samples of essential oils of leaves of Myrtus communis L. from five different Mediterranean locations (Corsica, Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon, and former Yugoslavia) were studied. Forty-seven compounds were identified by GC/MS. They could be divided into two groups on the basis of their percentages of α-pinene; over 50% (Corsica and Tunisia), and under 35% (the others). The percentages of limonene, 1,8-cineole and myrtenyl acetate were consistent with this classification. The chemical compositions of these oils can be compared to those of Spanish oils.

Essential Oil of Tagetes minuta from Rwanda and France: Chemical Composition According to Harvesting Location, Growth Stage and Part of Plant Extracted

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the essential oils produced from Tagetes minuta which was harvested in Rwanda and France at various locations and growth stages, and isolated from different plant parts (flowers, leaves, seeds), was studied. The samples analyzed fell into four categories. Generally, (Z)-β-ocimene predominated in oil from flowers, and dihydrotagetone predominated in that from leaves. Tagetones and tagetenones occurred together or separately in large or small amounts. French oils differened from other oils by its preponderance of (Z)-tagetenone.

Influence of Harvest Time on Yield and Composition of Artemisia annua Oil Produced in France

ABSTRACT The essential oils of Artemisia annua were isolated and analyzed at different stages of flowering using a combination of GC and GC/MS. At the peak of flowering, the proportion of artemisia ketone (the most abundant component) exceeded 50% and the oil yield was 0.4–0.5%.

Variation of the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Mentha piperita L. during the Growing Time

Abstract This study was conducted over a period of three years. A marked inversion of the menthol/menthone ratio was observed according to harvesting time. The late blooming period gave oils rich in menthol. A second harvest gave a high-quality oil and increased overall yield. Pre-drying did not affect the chemical composition of the oil obtained but allowed larger amounts of plant material to be distilled.

Aromatic Plants of Mali (IV): Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf and C. giganteus (Hochst.) Chiov.

Abstract The composition of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and C. giganteus from Mali and the Ivory Coast were determined by GC and GC/MS, and they were found to contain 19 and 27 constituents, respectively. C. citratus oil from Mali contained a high proportion of citral (approx. 75%) (geranial/neral ca 2/1), some myrcene (6.2–9.1%) and geraniol (3.0–5.6%). It differed from the oil of the Ivory Coast in which the contents of geranial, neral and myrcene each ranged between 18–35%. C. giganteus oil was characterized by high proportions of cis- and trans-p-mentha-l(7),8-dien-2-ols (approx. 50%) and p-mentha-2,8-dien-l-ols (approx. 25%) together with isopiperitenol-carveol (approx. 10%) and traces of carvone (<5%).

Leaf Oils of some Eucalyptus Species Growing in Algeria

Abstract The leaf oils of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., E. camaldulensis Dehn., E. gomphocephala A. DC, E. sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Wolls, E. robusta Smith, E. tereticomis Smith and E. viminalis Labill. isolated by steam distillation were analyzed by GC/MS. All the species contained α-pinene (2.8–24%), β-pinene (0.2–3.6%), limonene (1.5–4.5%), myrcene (0.1–1.1%), 1,8-cineole (3.5–81%), allo-aromadendrene (0.1–8.8%) and globulol (0.2–5.7%) as principal leaf oil components

Aromatic Plants of Mali (I): Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Ocimum basilicum L.

Abstract In a study of the chemical composition of oil from 24 samples of fresh or dried Ocimum basilicum we identified 53 components. All the oils were of the linalool chemotype, but four subtypes could be identified, unlinked to harvest location: oils containing 60–70% linalool and principally eugenol (5–15%), and oils with less than 60% linalool containing much eugenol, methyl eugenol or methyl chavicol. The often high proportions of these components (20–30%) distinguish these oils from others described previously.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants from Rwanda

Abstract We report the chemical compositions of the essential oils of five medicinal plants from Rwanda belonging to the Labiatae family (Lamiaceae): Leonitis nepetifolia, Leucas martinicensis, Plectranthus sylvestris, Plectranthus harbatus and Satureja pseudosimensis. Only the oil of Plectanthus harbatus had been studied previously. The main components of Leonitis nepetifolia leaf and flower oils were linalool (0.5% and 10.5%), β-caryophyllene (10.3% and 6.2%), germacrene D (41.2% and 17.0%) and δ-selinene (6.8% and 16.7%), respectively. The leaf and flower oils of Leucas martinicensis contained 1-hepten-3-ol (7.6–21.5% and 12.8–17.8%) and germacrene D (30.3–39.9% and 29.7–37.0%), respectively. The oil of Plectranthus harbatus contain α-fenchyl acetate (0.7–10%), α-copaene (3.9–7.7%), aromadendrene (8.2–23.6%), borneol (3.0–23.9%), γ-2-cadinene (1.9–4.3%), caryophyllene oxide (1.9–44.0%), T-cadinol (0.5–4.1%), calamenene hydrate and hydroxycalamenene (0.8–7.5% and 2.3–7.3%), respectively. The leaves and ...