Regina de Cássia Rondina

Abandonment of nicotine dependence treatment: A cohort study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Non-adherence to treatment is one of the hindering factors in the process of smoking cessation. This study aimed to compare sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status and motivation among smokers who maintained or abandoned treatment to stop smoking, and to analyze associations between sociodemographic factors and smoking. DESIGN AND SETTING Cohort study on 216 smokers who were attended at healthcare units in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. METHODS The instruments used were the Fagerström, URICA and CAGE questionnaires. Data from the initial evaluation was analyzed using the two-proportion test (α < 0.05). The patients were monitored for six months and those who abandoned treatment were accounted for. Bivariate analysis was conducted, using crude prevalence ratios and 5% significance level (P < 0.05), with abandonment of treatment as the outcome variable. Associations with P < 0.20 were selected for multiple robust Poisson regression (RPa). RESULTS The abandonment rate was 34.26%. Males and individuals in the 20-39 age group, in employment, with low motivation, with shorter time smoking and lower tobacco intake predominated in the dropout group. In the final model, gender (RPa 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03-2.10) and age group (RPa 3.77; 95% CI: 1.47-9.67) remained associated with abandonment. CONCLUSION Males and individuals in the 20-39 age group, in employment, with low motivation, with shorter time smoking and lower tobacco intake more frequently abandoned the treatment. Male gender and younger age group were associated with abandonment of nicotine dependence treatment.

Nicotine dependence and levels of depression and anxiety in smokers in the process of smoking cessation

Background : Depression and anxiety are psychiatric disorders that are related to tobacco use and associated with dependence, the process of cessation, lapses and relapses after quitting smoking. Objective : To analyze the association of nicotine dependence with the level of anxiety and depression in patients who are in the process of smoking cessation. Methods : Cross-sectional study conducted with patients who sought the smoking cessation program in Cuiaba/MT. All the smokers enrolled from May to August 2012, participated in this study. Four instruments were applied: Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Fagerstrom test, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Following bivariate analysis, using the crude prevalence ratio, with level of significance lower than 5% (p < 0.05), having as variable outcome the nicotine dependence ≥ 5 (Fagerstrom). The associations with p < 0.20 were selected for robust Multiple Poisson Regression (RPa). Results: Associations of Fagerstrom ≥ 5 with the male sex (RP = 1.15 CI 95% 1.03-1.28); number of cigarettes/day (RP = 1,33; CI 95% 1.19-1.48); and moderate/severe level of depression (RP = 1.15; CI 95% 1.04-1.28) were found. In the final model (RPa), the following variables remained associated: male gender (RPa 1.12; CI 95% 1.01-1.24), number of cigarettes/day (RPa 1.28; CI 95% 1.15-1.43) and high level of depression (RPa 1.12; CI 95% 1.01-1.23). Discussion : High level of nicotine dependence was associated significantly with the level of depression, emphasizing the association between smoking and psychiatric comorbidities.

Ansiedade e baixo nível motivacional associados ao fracasso na cessação do tabagismo

Objetivo Analisar a associacao entre as caracteristicas sociodemograficas, status do tabagismo, grau de motivacao, nivel de ansiedade, depressao e de estresse com o fracasso em pacientes de um programa de cessacao de tabagismo. Metodos Estudo de corte transversal realizado com pacientes que procuraram os programas de cessacao do tabagismo de Cuiaba/MT, Brasil. Todos os fumantes matriculados no inicio desses programas, durante o periodo de maio a agosto de 2012, foram convidados a participar deste estudo, totalizando 216 pacientes. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionario Perfil Sociodemografico, Teste de Fagerstrom (FTND), URICA, Inventario de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Inventario de Depressao de Beck (BDI) e Inventario de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL). Os dados foram digitados duplamente em programa Epidata versao 3.1, e para analise dos dados foi utilizado um modelo de regressao de Poisson. Resultados Foram encontradas associacoes do fracasso terapeutico com as seguintes variaveis: faixa etaria jovem (RP = 1,68; IC 95% 1,11-2,56); menor tempo de tabagismo (RP = 1,32; IC 95% 1,09-1,61); maior consumo de cigarros/dia (RP = 1,24; IC 95% 1,01-1,52) e menor grau de motivacao (RP = 1,55; IC 95% 1,04-2,30). No modelo final (RPa), ficaram associadas ao fracasso as variaveis: menor tempo de tabagismo (RPa 1,53; IC 95% 1,07-2,32), maior carga tabagica (RPa 1,48; IC 95% 1,12-1,95), baixo nivel de motivacao (RPa 1,58; IC 95% 1,07-2,32) e alto nivel de ansiedade (RPa 1,22; IC 95% 1,01-1,48). Conclusao Baixo nivel motivacional (Contemplacao e Pre-contemplacao), alto nivel de ansiedade (moderado/grave), menor tempo de tabagismo e alta carga tabagica estao associados ao fracasso terapeutico.

A relação entre tabagismo e habilidades sociais: uma revisão da literatura

The literature suggests an association between drug use and addiction and the repertoire of social skills of the individual. However, there are still relatively few studies focusing specifically on the relationship between smoking and social skills. Moreover, Brazilian studies on the subject are scarce. This paper presents a review of the literature about smoking and social skills, emphasizing the theoretical underpinning research, as well as the main data obtained so far. One of the most investigated issues is the relationship between assertiveness and smoking. It is assumed that the lack of assertiveness and in particular the ability to refuse the supply of drugs and / or peer pressure to consumption can be a risk factor for smoking initiation, especially in adolescents. However, the literature on this issue is still controversial. It is assumed that further studies to elucidate these associations could contribute to prevention programs and intervention for tobacco use, using social skills training as a strategy.

TEMPO LIVRE E USO DE ÁLCOOL E OUTRAS DROGAS: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS DO BRASIL E PORTUGAL

Free time is an integral part of all life stages and is generally associated with leisure, which among youth often comes with the use of alcohol and drugs. The way undergraduate students from Portugal and Brazil use their free time and their patterns of legal and illegal drug consumption are the objectives of this work. The sample included 238 undergraduate students – 60.5% of whom were Portuguese, with an average age of 19.9. Results show that sports practice (31.0%); going out with friends (18.8%); and dating (13.4%) were the three most common activities. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco are the drugs most often mentioned by 50% of the sample, and marijuana use was reported by 15.9%. Heavy alcohol drinking patterns are more common among Brazilian undergraduate students than among Portuguese ones. In conclusion, we stress that these students practice sports but that it do not inhibit alcohol consumption.