Renan Pereira Monteiro

Valores, Atitudes e Uso de Bebidas Alcoólicas: Proposta de um Modelo Hierárquico

O presente artigo objetivou conhecer a base axiologica das atitudes frente o uso de alcool, testando o modelo hierarquico valores→atitudes→comportamento. Contou-se com a participacao de 149 estudantes de duas IES da cidade de Parnaiba (PI), com idade media de 22,8 anos e maioria homens (57,4%) que responderam oQuestionario dos Valores Basicos, a Escala de Atitudes Frente o Uso de Alcool e perguntas sobre dados demograficos. Os resultados indicam que valores de experimentacao se correlacionam positivamente com atitudes favoraveis ao consumo de alcool, ao passo que valores normativos o fizeram negativamente. Confirmou-se, ainda, o papel mediador das atitudes. Esta pesquisa buscou dar suporte ao modelo hierarquico supracitado, favorecendo o entendimento do uso de bebidas alcoolicas e delineamento de politicas publicas para combater o padrao disfuncional de consumo.

The Perception of Family, City, and Country Values Is Often Biased:

People often make inferences about the values of other people in their families, cities, and countries, but there are reasons to expect systematic biases in these inferences. Across four studies (N = 1,763), we examined people’s perceptions of the values of their families, fellow citizens of the cities in which they live, and compatriots across three nations (Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom). Our results show that people systematically misperceive comparison groups’ values. People underestimate the importance that their compatriots ascribe to more important values and overestimate the importance of less important values. This occurs in comparison with their own values, the actual values of the people living in the same city and the actual values of their compatriots. The effect sizes were medium to large. Furthermore, the results occurred independently of participants’ culture, time spent in the culture, and the underlying value model used. These results consistently show that people’s speculations about values in their community and society are biased in a self- and family favoring direction. In addition, we found that the structure of values (e.g., as proposed by Schwartz) holds for perceived family, fellow citizens of the cities in which they live, and compatriots’ values. Overall, our findings suggest that the values of other people are more selfless than is often believed.

Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: Avaliando seus Parâmetros Via TRI

The present study aimed to explore the psychometric parameters of the Dirty Dozen through the Item Response Theory (IRT), using the Graduated Response Model. Participants included 284 individuals, with a mean age of 24.2 years (SD = 8.76). Initially the dimensionality of the scale was checked and results that support a three-oblique-factor structure were found (CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.03). Therefore, IRT analyses were performed separately for each factor. Then, it was verified that the items discriminate participants properly, being those items belonging to the narcissism factor the ones mostly endorsed; Machiavellianism and psychopathy demanded a greater amount of theta in order to agree with the item content, perhaps because these traits are socially undesirable. It is considered that the aims of the study were achieved, providing evidence of this short measure through the IRT, showing the possibilities of its use in future studies.

Escala de Necessidade de Cognição (NCS-18): Efeito de Itens Negativos em sua Estrutura Fatorial

This study aimed at testing the dimensionality of the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS-18), controlling the effect of negative items. Participants were 215 undergraduate students from Joao Pessoa (PB) with mean age of 20 years (SD = 3.79). They answered the NCS-18 and demographic questions. Three models were tested: M1 (conventional one-factor model), M2 (two-factor, with positive and negative items loading in separate factors), and M3 (one-factor model, controlling for the effect of negative items). Results showed that M2 and M3 models had better fit indexes compared to M1. Nevertheless, M3 also had better fit indexes than M2. In conclusion, evidence that the NCS-18 is more adequately represented by one-factor model was observed, especially when the effect of negative items is controlled.

Escala de Comportamentos de Bullying (ECB): Elaboração e Evidências Psicométricas

This work aimed to develop the Bullying Behaviors Scale (BBS), checking evidences of validity and reliability. 455 elementary school students from public and private schools in Parnaiba (PI), Brazil, participated in the study. Their mean age was 11.3, being mostly female (53.5%). All participants completed a preliminary version of the measure, composed by 30 items, and demographic questions. A Principal Axis Analysis was performed (PAF; Varimax rotation), the Scree test, and parallel analysis indicated the existence of a four-factor structure, consistent with the literature (verbal, physical, relational and virtual). Next, a new PAF was performed, establishing the extraction of four factors, which account for 47.7% of total variance, and Cronbach alphas ranged from .60 to .79. These findings reveal that the BBS meets favorable evidence of validity and reliability, and it is suitable for use in future studies aiming to understand the antecedents and consequences of bullying.

Need for Affect and Attitudes Toward Drugs: The Mediating Role of Values

ABSTRACT Human values and affective traits were found to predict attitudes toward the use of different types of drugs (e.g., alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs). In this study (N = 196, Mage = 23.09), we aimed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of those predictors of attitudes toward drug use in a mediated structural equation model, providing a better overview of a possible motivational path that drives to such a risky behavior. Specifically, we predicted and found that the relations between need for affect and attitudes toward drug use were mediated by excitement values. Also, results showed that excitement values and need for affect positively predicted attitudes toward the use of drugs, whereas normative values predicted it negatively. The pattern of results remained the same when we investigated attitudes toward alcohol, marijuana, or illegal drugs separately. Overall, the findings indicate that emotions operate via excitement and normative values to influence risk behavior.

Propriedades Psicométricas da Escala de Intenções Frente à Infidelidade (EII)

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou adaptar ao contexto brasileiro a Escala de Intenções frente à Infidelidade (EII), conhecendo seus parâmetros psicométricos. Realizou-se dois estudos com pessoas que indicaram estar em um relacionamento amoroso. No Estudo 1 participaram 161 pessoas (idade média = 24,9), que responderam a EII e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram a unifatorialidade desta escala (α = 0,85), cujos itens mostraram-se discriminativos (amplitude do theta variou de -0,5 a 3,0). No Estudo 2 participaram 236 pessoas (média de idade = 25,5), que responderam os mesmos instrumentos. Os resultados apoiaram a estrutura unifatorial (e.g., CFI = 0,95 e TLI = 0,93), que se mostrou invariante quanto ao sexo (ΔCFI e ΔRMSEA < 0,01). Concluindo, os achados apoiaram a adequação dos itens da EII, como também indicaram evidências de sua validade fatorial e consistência interna, favorecendo que possa ser utilizada em pesquisas que buscam conhecer os correlatos da infidelidade. Palavras-chave: infidelidade, medida, validade, precisão, discriminação

Ensino da avaliação psicológica no Norte brasileiro: analisando as ementas das disciplinas

Teaching of psychological assessment in Northern of Brazil: Analyzing the courses’ summaries This study aimed at analyzing the syllabuses of psychological assessment (PA) disciplines offered in higher education Psychology courses in the North of Brazil. Initially, it was possible to verify a variety of denominations for the field of PA in this region and that these courses offer an average of 3.82 disciplines in this area. The initial contact of the students with PA occurs in the sophomore year. Only six institutions provided the content of the syllabuses, and this data was analyzed with a software named Iramuteq. The results indicated a syllabus that features a technicist training trend, emphasizing the psychological diagnostic practice, the procedures of application and interpretation of instruments and traditional constructs such as intelligence and personality. In conclusion, the need for efforts to align the teaching of PA in the North with the guidelines of this field in Brazil and to the current theoretical, technical and methodological advances is clear.

Valores Humanos e Atitudes Homofóbicas Flagrante e Sutil

Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar em que medida os valores humanos estao relacionados com a homofobia flagrante e sutil. Para tanto, contou-se com a participacao de 174 estudantes universitarios, com idade variando de 17 a 56 anos (M = 22,3, DP = 4,60), a maioria do sexo feminino (57,6%). Estes responderam a Escala de Homofobia Explicita e Implicita, o Questionario dos Valores Basicos e perguntas demograficas. Realizaram-se regressoes multiplas, tendo os resultados indicado que valores normativos e de realizacao sao melhores explicadores da homofobia sutil e geral, enquanto que apenas valores normativos se associaram com a homofobia flagrante. Esses construtos foram responsaveis por explicar aproximadamente 10% da variância em atitudes homofobicas. Concluiu-se que os valores podem ser bons preditores da homofobia, principalmente aqueles materialistas, reforcando a adequacao da teoria funcionalista para explicar atitudes socialmente desviantes.

A psicopatia no contexto dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade

Psychopathy in the Context of the Big Five Personality Factors Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder. Despite results indicating that extraversion and agreeableness are two markers of the big five as its predictors, evidence in Brazil are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to know whether normal personality (non-psychotic) factors predict the three phenotypes evaluated by the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM). Participants were 228 undergraduate students from Joao Pessoa (PB), with mean age of 25.1 years, mostly were female (76%). They answered the TriPM, the Big Five Inventory, and demographic questions. Results indicated that the factors extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness predicted psychopathy, which corroborated previous studies. These findings are discussed on the basis of the big five model in order to understand this socially deviant trait, in which the lack of affection and the manipulative behavior are central features.