Ana Karla Silva Soares

Escala de Vitalidade Subjetiva – EVS: Evidências de sua Adequação Psicométrica

Esta pesquisa objetivou reunir evidencias psicometricas de adequacao da Escala de Vitalidade Subjetiva (EVS), realizando-se tres estudos. No Estudo 1 200 estudantes universitarios responderam a EVS. O instrumento mostrou uma estrutura fatorial unidimensional (a = 0,73). No Estudo 2 participaram outros 200 estudantes universitarios que responderam o mesmo questionario. Uma analise fatorial confirmatoria (AFC) corroborou esta estrutura, embora o item 2 tenha sido pouco adequado. Assim, realizou-se nova AFC excluindo-o. Os resultados foram melhores do que quando considerados todos os itens (a = 0,75). O Estudo 3 replicou estes resultados com 200 professores do ensino fundamental, testando tambem a validade convergente da EVS com a satisfacao com a vida. Concluiu-se que este instrumento reune evidencias psicometricas que apoiam seu uso. This paper presents empirical evidence of the psychometric adequacy of the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), based on three studies. In Study 1, 200 undergraduate students responded the SVS. The SVS showed a unidimensional factor structure (a = .73). In Study 2, another 200 undergraduate students answered the same instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the factor structure of Study 1, although item 2 was inadequate. Another CFA was realized without this item. Results were better than those considering all items (a = .75). Study 3 replicated these results with 200 elementary school teachers, and investigated the convergent validity of the SVS with satisfaction with life. It can be concluded that the SVS showed sufficient psychometric adequacy to support its use.

Escala de atitudes frente à tatuagem: elaboração e evidências de validade e precisão

The authors built and checked for evidence of the factorial validity and reliability of a scale for measuring attitudes towards tattoos. The Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale was tested in two studies. In Study 1, participants comprised 273 undergraduate students, equally distributed with respect to gender, with an average age of 25. They answered the Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale and demographic questions. It was found that the items showed adequate discriminative power, and the expected unifactorial structure was identified, with Cronbachs Alpha (α) of 0.96. 245 undergraduate students participated In Study 2, most of them male (55%), with an average age of 21. They answered the Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale and demographic questions. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, the unifactorial structure found in the previous study was corroborated, and an α of 0.93 was observed. These findings suggest the Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale presents evidence of factorial validity and reliability, and may be used among undergraduate students to measure attitudes towards tattoos.

Escala de conexão com a natureza: evidências psicométricas no contexto brasileiro

This article aimed to gather evidence of validity and reliability of the Connectedness to Nature Scale in Brazil. Two studies were conducted. A total of 204 people of mean age 33 years (Standard Deviation = 13.83) participated in Study 1 and responded to the demographic questions and Connectedness to Nature Scale items. The results of the principal component analysis showed a one-factor structure (a = 0.81). Two hundred and twenty undergraduate students of mean age 23 years (Standard Deviation = 5.82) participated in Study 2 and responded to demographic questions; an adapted version of the Connectedness to Nature Scale was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (ML estimation) confirmed the adequacy of the one-factor structure (Comparative Fit Index = 0.91, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0.064), indicating satisfactory internal consistency (a = 0.83). In conclusion, the Connectedness to Nature Scale proved to be a psychometrically appropriate measure to assess general connectedness to nature, and it can therefore be used in future studies.

Escala de Necessidade de Cognição (NCS-18): Efeito de Itens Negativos em sua Estrutura Fatorial

This study aimed at testing the dimensionality of the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS-18), controlling the effect of negative items. Participants were 215 undergraduate students from Joao Pessoa (PB) with mean age of 20 years (SD = 3.79). They answered the NCS-18 and demographic questions. Three models were tested: M1 (conventional one-factor model), M2 (two-factor, with positive and negative items loading in separate factors), and M3 (one-factor model, controlling for the effect of negative items). Results showed that M2 and M3 models had better fit indexes compared to M1. Nevertheless, M3 also had better fit indexes than M2. In conclusion, evidence that the NCS-18 is more adequately represented by one-factor model was observed, especially when the effect of negative items is controlled.

Valores Humanos e Significado do Dinheiro: Um Estudo Correlacional

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between human values and meaning of money for children. Participants were 1.445 children, with a mean age of 11 years (sd = 1.09; range 9-14 years), mostly male (51%), and were from north (n = 585) and northeast (n = 860) of Brazil. They answered the Meaning of Money for Children Scale (MMCS), the children version of Basic Values Survey (BVS-C) and demographic questions. Results pointed differences related to gender and region where children live, as well as correlation between happiness factor and achievement values (r = 0.28); loneliness factor and altruism were correlated with suprapersonal values (r = 0.13 and 0.26, respectively); and exclusion presented correlation with normative values (r = -0.08). In conclusion. follows that human values of children, gender and regional context influence the meaning of money.

Valores e motivações para responder sem preconceito frente a homossexuais

This paper aimed to know the value correlates of the internal and external motivations to respond without prejudice against homosexuals. Two studies were performed. In Study 1 participated 234 people from Joao Pessoa, with an average age of 26 years. They answered the Motivations to Respond without Prejudice toward Gays Scale, the Basic Value Survey, and demographic questions. The internal motivation was correlated with suprapersonal (+) and normative (-) subfunctions, meanwhile the external motivation was correlated with existence (+) and normative (+) ones. The Study 2 involved 202 people from the same population, with an average age of 25 years. They answered the same instruments, although considering lesbians as target-group. The internal and external motivations were correlated with the subfunction normative (and +, respectively). In conclusion, the values adequately predicted the motivations to respond without prejudice toward homosexuals, being these findings discussed based on the dual model of values.

Escala de Perspectiva de Futuro Infantil: Evidências de sua Adequação Psicométrica

espanolResumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo elaborar una medida de perspectiva de futuro infantil, reuniendo evidencias de su validez factorial y fiabilidad. Participaron 405 estudiantes de la ensenanza primaria de Joao Pessoa (PB), divididos en dos grupos: Grupo 1 (G1; 203 ninos, Medad = 11 anos y 53% hombres) y Grupo 2 (G2; 202 ninos, Medad = 11 anos y 54% mujeres). Ellos han contestado la Escala de Perspectiva de Futuro Infantil y preguntas demograficas. Considerando los participantes del G1, se ha realizado un analisis factorial exploratorio que indico tres factores: optimismo hacia al futuro (α = 0.69; 5 items), aspiraciones por bienes materiales (α = 0.67; 5 items) y aspiraciones por familia (α = 0.67; 4 items). Teniendo en cuenta los participantes del G2, se ha comprobado la estructura con tres factores, que presento indicadores de ajuste meritorios [χ2/gl = 2.21, GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.89 y RMSEA = 0.078 (IC90% = 0.058-0.097)]. La homogeneidad y fiabilidad compuesta para los tres factores han sido, respectivamente, como siguen: optimismo hacia al futuro (0.33 y 0.65), aspiraciones por bienes materiales (0.36 y 0.71) y aspiraciones por familia (0.36 y 0.70). Concluyendo, se han observado evidencias de validez factorial y fiabilidad de esta escala, favoreciendo medir la perspectiva de futuro de los infantes, ademas de conocer sus correlatos. portuguesResumo Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma medida de perspectiva de futuro infantil, reunindo evidencias de sua validade fatorial e consistencia interna. Realizou-se um estudo com 405 estudantes do ensino fundamental de Joao Pessoa (PB), divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1; 203 criancas, Midade = 11 anos e 53% do sexo masculino) e Grupo 2 (G2; 202 criancas, Midade = 11 anos e 54% do sexo feminino). Eles responderam a Escala de Perspectiva de Futuro Infantil e perguntas demograficas. Considerando os participantes do G1, realizou-se uma analise fatorial exploratoria que permitiu identificar tres fatores: otimismo frente ao futuro (α = 0,69; 5 itens), aspiracoes por bens materiais (α = 0,67; 5 itens) e aspiracoes por familia (α = 0,67; 4 itens). Posteriormente, tiveramse em conta os participantes do G2, comprovou-se a adequacao desta estrutura com tres fatores, observando-se indicadores de ajuste meritorios [χ2/gl = 2,21, GFI = 0,91, CFI = 0,89 e RMSEA = 0,078 (IC90% = 0,058-0,097)]. Os coeficientes de homogeneidade e confiabilidade composta para os tres fatores foram, respectivamente, como seguem: otimismo frente ao futuro (0,33 e 0,65), aspiracoes por bens materiais (0,36 e 0,71) e aspiracoes por familia (0,36 e 0,70). Concluindo, existem evidencias de validade fatorial e consistencia interna desta escala, que podera ser adequadamente utilizar para medir perspectiva de future em criancas, favorecendo conhecer seus correlatos. EnglishAbstract This study aimed to elaborate a measure of childrens future perspective, gathering evidence of its factorial validity and reliability. It was taken into account 405 students from elementary school in Joao Pessoa (PB), divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1; 203 children, MAge = 11 years, and 53% male) and Group 2 (G2; 202 children, MAge = 11 years, and 54% female). They answered the Childrens Future Perspective Scale and demographic questions. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out with participants of G1, revealing three factors: optimism towards the future (α = .69; 5 items), aspirations for material possessions (α = .67; 5 items) and aspirations for family (α = .64; 4 items). Considering the participants in G2, we test the previous three-factor model, using a confirmatory factor analysis, which showed meritorious fit index [χ2/df = 2.21, GFI = .91, CFI = .89, and RMSEA = .078 (CI90% = .058-.097)]. The homogeneity and composed reliability, respectively, for the three factors were as following: optimism towards the future (.33 and .65), aspirations for material possessions (.36 and .71) and aspirations for family (.36 and .70). In conclusion, there is evidence of factorial validity and reliability of this scale, which is suitable to measure childrens future perspective, permitting to know its correlates.

Attitudes Scale Towards Potential Targets of Bullying: Elaboration and Evidence of Validity and Reliability

espanolEl presente articulo tuvo como objetivo describir la elaboracion de una medida de actitudes hacia potenciales victimas de bullying, reuniendo evidencias de validez factorial y consistencia interna de la Escala de Atitudes frente a Alvos Potenciais de Bullying (EAAPB) (Escala de actitudes hacia potenciales victimas de bullying). Se realizaron dos estudios con 800 estudiantes de ensenanza secundaria, con edad promedio de 15 anos, los cuales contestaron a preguntas demograficas y la EAAPB. En el Estudio 1 (n = 230) se comprobo el poder discriminativo de los items de la escala y se realizo un analisis factorial exploratorio en el que se identificaron dos componentes: apariencia y temas de genero (α = .81) y exposicion social (α = .70). En el Estudio 2 (n = 570) se realizo un analisis factorial confirmatorio (maxima verosimilitud), en el que se comprobo la estructura bifactorial de la escala: el primer factor con α = .80 y CR = .80; y el segundo con α = .65 y CR =.64. Se reunieron evidencias sobre la invariancia factorial de la escala en grupos de mujeres y hombres. Se concluye que la EAFPB es una medida parsimoniosa que presenta evidencias de validez y confiabilidad, por lo que se sugiere su uso para evaluar las actitudes hacia potenciales victimas de bullying. EnglishThe present article aimed at describing the elaboration of a measurement of attitudes towards potential targets of bullying, gathering evidence of its factorial validity and internal consistency. Two studies were performed with 800 secondary school students whose mean age was 15 years old. who answered the Attitudes Scale towards Potential Targets of Bullying (ASTPB) and some demographic questions. In Study 1 (n = 230) the discriminant power of the scale items was verified, and after performing an exploratory factor analysis two components were identified (appearance and gender issues and social exposure). with Cronbachs alpha (α) of 0.81 and 0.70, respectively. In Study 2 (n = 570) a confirmatory factor analysis was performed (Maximum Likelihood), confirming the two-factor structure of the scale (αfactor I = 0.80 and αfactor II = 0.65; CR = 0.80 and 0.64. respectively). Moreover. evidence was also gathered of factorial invariance of this measure in groups of women and men. In conclusion this is a parsimonious measurement with evidences of validity and reliability. suggesting its adequacy for use when the goal is to evaluate attitudes towards potential targets of bullying. portuguesO presente artigo objetivou descrever a elaboracao de uma medida de atitudes frente a potenciais alvos de bullying, reunindo evidencias de sua validade fatorial e consistencia interna. Realizaram-se dois estudos com estudantes secundaristas que tinham idade media de 15 anos, os quais responderam a Escala de Atitudes frente a Alvos Potenciais de Bullying (EAAPB) e perguntas demograficas. No Estudo 1 (n = 230) foi verificado o poder discriminativo dos itens desta medida e feita uma analise fatorial exploratoria, emergindo dois componentes: aparencia e questoes de genero e exposicao social, cujos alfas de Cronbach (α) foram de 0,81 e 0,70, respectivamente. No Estudo 2 (n = 570) foi realizada uma analise fatorial confirmatoria (Maxima Verossimilhanca), que corroborou a estrutura bifatorial (αfator I = 0,80 e αfator II = 0,65; CC = 0,80 e 0,64, respectivamente). Ademais, reuniram-se evidencias acerca da invariância fatorial desta escala entre mulheres e homens. Conclui-se que esta e uma medida parcimoniosa, apresentando evidencias de validade e precisao que sugerem seu emprego quando o proposito for conhecer atitudes frente a alvos potenciais de bullying.

Percepciones de estudiantes y médicos sobre la “muerte digna”

Death is the definitive end of life in the body. The technological advances of medicine have made it possible to prolong the process of dying. This study aimed to discover the perception of medical students and medical professionals about a good death, and analyzed the differences between the groups and their correlates based on demographic variables. A total of 398 people, equally divided among medical students and doctors, participated in the study. Most of the participants were male (57.8%), with a mean age of 34.5. They responded to the GDPS (Good Death Perception Scale) and demographic questions. Results indicated that doctors preferred to die in a hospital (74%) and students at home (74%). The latter obtained a higher mean GDPS score (M = 5.6, SD = 0.6). Despite its limitations, this study allows the consideration of future practices inherent to the conception of a good death by health professionals, improving the doctor-patient relationship.La muerte es la cesacion definitiva de la vida en el cuerpo. Los avances tecnico-cientificos de la medicina lograron posponerla. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la percepcion de estudiantes y profesionales de la medicina con respecto a la muerte digna. Se registraron las diferencias entre los grupos y sus correlatos con variables demograficas. Participaron 398 personas divididas equitativamente entre estudiantes y medicos de la ciudad de Porto Velho (RO). Del total, 57,8% eran de genero masculino, con a edad promedio de 34,5 anos. Estos respondieron la EPMD (Escala de Percepcion de Muerte Digna) y preguntas demograficas. Los resultados indicaron que los medicos prefieren morir en el hospital (74%) y los estudiantes en sus casas (74%); estos presentaron una media mayor en la EPMD (M = 5,6; DP = 0,6). A pesar de las limitaciones, este estudio propone pensar practicas futuras inherentes a la concepcion de muerte digna de parte de los profesionales de la salud, colaborando en la relacion medico-paciente.

Percepção da “morte digna” por estudantes e médicos

Death is the definitive end of life in the body. The technological advances of medicine have made it possible to prolong the process of dying. This study aimed to discover the perception of medical students and medical professionals about a good death, and analyzed the differences between the groups and their correlates based on demographic variables. A total of 398 people, equally divided among medical students and doctors, participated in the study. Most of the participants were male (57.8%), with a mean age of 34.5. They responded to the GDPS (Good Death Perception Scale) and demographic questions. Results indicated that doctors preferred to die in a hospital (74%) and students at home (74%). The latter obtained a higher mean GDPS score (M = 5.6, SD = 0.6). Despite its limitations, this study allows the consideration of future practices inherent to the conception of a good death by health professionals, improving the doctor-patient relationship.La muerte es la cesacion definitiva de la vida en el cuerpo. Los avances tecnico-cientificos de la medicina lograron posponerla. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la percepcion de estudiantes y profesionales de la medicina con respecto a la muerte digna. Se registraron las diferencias entre los grupos y sus correlatos con variables demograficas. Participaron 398 personas divididas equitativamente entre estudiantes y medicos de la ciudad de Porto Velho (RO). Del total, 57,8% eran de genero masculino, con a edad promedio de 34,5 anos. Estos respondieron la EPMD (Escala de Percepcion de Muerte Digna) y preguntas demograficas. Los resultados indicaron que los medicos prefieren morir en el hospital (74%) y los estudiantes en sus casas (74%); estos presentaron una media mayor en la EPMD (M = 5,6; DP = 0,6). A pesar de las limitaciones, este estudio propone pensar practicas futuras inherentes a la concepcion de muerte digna de parte de los profesionales de la salud, colaborando en la relacion medico-paciente.