Renata Labronici Bertin

Fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes com diferentes níveis de gasto energético

BACKGROUNDnPhysical inactivity in adolescence is related to body fat accumulation, which apparently can increase the probability of onset and development of metabolic changes.nnnOBJECTIVEnTo verify the predisposition to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with different levels of energy expenditure.nnnMETHODSnA total of 108 young men and 132 young women aged between 12 and 16 years were selected. Daily energy expenditure was obtained using the questionnaire proposed by Bouchard et al. The sample was previously divided according to the quartiles of energy expenditure (Kcal/kg/day) into three groups: sedentary (SG), moderately active (MG), and active (AG). The enzyme-colorimetric method was used to determine the total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) levels. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald et als formula. The one-factor analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis, considering p<0.05.nnnRESULTSnFor the male gender, significant differences were found between the groups for the TC variable (mg/dl); AG (121.56+/-19.15) was different from MG (142.70+/-27.65) and from SG (145.63+/-36.54). Likewise, MG was different from SG (F=3.70 and p=0.03). For the TG variable (mg/dl), AG (65.69+/-18.95) was different from MG (82.25+/-33.73) and from SG (97.44+/-45.95). Also, MG was different from SG (F=3.40 and p=0.04). For the female gender, no significant differences were found in relation to daily energy expenditure.nnnCONCLUSIONnMore active young men show lower TC and TG levels in comparison with their moderately active and sedentary peers.

Estado nutricional, hábitos alimentares e conhecimentos de nutrição em escolares

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between nutritional status with dietary habits and nutrition knowledge of students in the municipality of Indaial, in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the nutritional status of 259 children aged between eight and ten years old. Children were randomly selected among the 3rd and 4th grades students of elementary public schools of the city. The evaluation and classification of their nutritional status were based on the body mass index (BMI) and compared to growth charts proposed by the World Health Organization (2007). Dietary habits and nutrition knowledge were analyzed by a self-assessed questionnaire and classified in bad, good or excellent according to the obtained score. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test and binary logistic regression, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: Among the 256 studied students, 63% had adequate weight for age, 66% good eating habits and 52% good nutritional knowledge. Obesity was significantly associated with good eating habits. The eutrophic students presented good eating habits and appropriate knowledge about nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the school students in the sample were healthy and presented a high prevalence of adequate weight as well as good dietary habits and nutritional knowledge. The obese children reported good knowledge about healthy habits, but do not necessarily practice them.

Atividade física, consumo de lipídios e fatores de risco para aterosclerose em adolescentes

FUNDAMENTO: A aterosclerose e a doenca coronariana que acomete com maior frequencia a populacao adulta brasileira. Embora seja uma doenca predominantemente adulta, os fatores de risco associados podem surgir em individuos jovens. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associacao do nivel de atividade fisica (NAF) e o consumo de lipidios com os fatores de risco para aterosclerose em adolescentes. METODOS: Foram avaliados 260 meninos e 237 meninas com idades entre 10-18 anos. O nivel de atividade fisica foi estimado atraves do recordatorio proposto por Bouchard e cols.. O consumo de lipidios foi avaliado atraves do inquerito alimentar desenvolvido por Sichieri e Everhart. A pressao arterial foi mensurada utilizando um esfigmomanometro de coluna de mercurio. O colesterol total, o HDL-C e os triglicerides foram determinados atraves do metodo enzimatico-colorimetrico. O LDL-C foi calculado pela formula de Friedewald. Na analise estatistica, foi empregada a regressao logistica, com nivel de significância estipulado em p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Quanto ao NAF, 17,3% dos meninos e 22,6% das meninas foram classificados como sedentarios. Para os habitos alimentares, 54% e 48,6% dos meninos e meninas, respectivamente, apresentaram consumo de lipidios acima das recomendacoes. Meninos com niveis elevados de colesterol total e de LDL-C tiveram maior razao de chances de serem sedentarios do que seus pares mais ativos. Apresentar niveis elevados de LDL-C esteve associado ao consumo excessivo de gordura saturada em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados avigoram as evidencias previas de que jovens devem ser encorajados desde cedo a adocao de um estilo de vida fisicamente mais ativo associado a uma ingestao alimentar apropriada.BACKGROUNDnAtherosclerosis is the coronary disease that most often affects the adult Brazilian population. Although it is a predominantly adult disease, the risk factors can appear in young individuals.nnnOBJECTIVEnTo verify the association between the physical activity level (PAL) and the consumption of lipids with the risk factors for atherosclerosis in adolescents.nnnMETHODSnA total of 260 boys and 237 girls aged 10-18 years were assessed. The PAL was estimated based on the activity record proposed by Bouchard et al. The consumption of lipids was assessed through the food frequency questionnaire developed by Sichieri and Everhart. Blood pressure was measured using a mercury-column sphygmomanometer. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and triglycerides (TG) were measured by the enzymatic-colorimetric method. LDL-c was calculated by Friedewalds formula. The statistical analysis was carried out through logistic regression, with a level of significance set at p < 0.05.nnnRESULTSnRegarding the PAL, 17.3% of the boys and 22.6% of the girls were classified as sedentary. As for the diet, 54% and 48.6% of the boys and girls, respectively, presented a consumption of lipids above the recommended level. Boys with high TC and LDL-c levels had a higher OR to be sedentary than their more active peers. High levels of LDL-c were associated with the excessive consumption of saturated fats in both sexes.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe results reinforce the previous evidence that young people must be encouraged since an early age to adopt a more physically active lifestyle, associated to more adequate dietary habits.

Physical activity, lipid consumption and risk factors for atherosclerosis in adolescents

FUNDAMENTO: A aterosclerose e a doenca coronariana que acomete com maior frequencia a populacao adulta brasileira. Embora seja uma doenca predominantemente adulta, os fatores de risco associados podem surgir em individuos jovens. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associacao do nivel de atividade fisica (NAF) e o consumo de lipidios com os fatores de risco para aterosclerose em adolescentes. METODOS: Foram avaliados 260 meninos e 237 meninas com idades entre 10-18 anos. O nivel de atividade fisica foi estimado atraves do recordatorio proposto por Bouchard e cols.. O consumo de lipidios foi avaliado atraves do inquerito alimentar desenvolvido por Sichieri e Everhart. A pressao arterial foi mensurada utilizando um esfigmomanometro de coluna de mercurio. O colesterol total, o HDL-C e os triglicerides foram determinados atraves do metodo enzimatico-colorimetrico. O LDL-C foi calculado pela formula de Friedewald. Na analise estatistica, foi empregada a regressao logistica, com nivel de significância estipulado em p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Quanto ao NAF, 17,3% dos meninos e 22,6% das meninas foram classificados como sedentarios. Para os habitos alimentares, 54% e 48,6% dos meninos e meninas, respectivamente, apresentaram consumo de lipidios acima das recomendacoes. Meninos com niveis elevados de colesterol total e de LDL-C tiveram maior razao de chances de serem sedentarios do que seus pares mais ativos. Apresentar niveis elevados de LDL-C esteve associado ao consumo excessivo de gordura saturada em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados avigoram as evidencias previas de que jovens devem ser encorajados desde cedo a adocao de um estilo de vida fisicamente mais ativo associado a uma ingestao alimentar apropriada.BACKGROUNDnAtherosclerosis is the coronary disease that most often affects the adult Brazilian population. Although it is a predominantly adult disease, the risk factors can appear in young individuals.nnnOBJECTIVEnTo verify the association between the physical activity level (PAL) and the consumption of lipids with the risk factors for atherosclerosis in adolescents.nnnMETHODSnA total of 260 boys and 237 girls aged 10-18 years were assessed. The PAL was estimated based on the activity record proposed by Bouchard et al. The consumption of lipids was assessed through the food frequency questionnaire developed by Sichieri and Everhart. Blood pressure was measured using a mercury-column sphygmomanometer. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and triglycerides (TG) were measured by the enzymatic-colorimetric method. LDL-c was calculated by Friedewalds formula. The statistical analysis was carried out through logistic regression, with a level of significance set at p < 0.05.nnnRESULTSnRegarding the PAL, 17.3% of the boys and 22.6% of the girls were classified as sedentary. As for the diet, 54% and 48.6% of the boys and girls, respectively, presented a consumption of lipids above the recommended level. Boys with high TC and LDL-c levels had a higher OR to be sedentary than their more active peers. High levels of LDL-c were associated with the excessive consumption of saturated fats in both sexes.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe results reinforce the previous evidence that young people must be encouraged since an early age to adopt a more physically active lifestyle, associated to more adequate dietary habits.

PERCEPÇÕES DO COTIDIANO ALIMENTAR DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1

O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) e responsavel por 90% dos casos de diabetes na infância, no entanto, apenas 50% dos casos sao diagnosticados antes dos 15 anos. Atualmente a terapia nutricional tem sido fundamental na prevencao, tratamento e gerenciamento da doenca, com vistas a proporcionar o bom estado nutricional, a saude fisiologica e qualidade de vida do individuo. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as percepcoes e praticas alimentares de criancas e adolescentes portadores de DM1. A pesquisa teve carater exploratorio, com abordagem qualitativa, e voltou-se para criancas com idade entre sete e 11 anos e com adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 18 anos. Foi realizada uma entrevista nao estruturada com as maes das criancas menores de 11 anos, e com os proprios adolescentes, a partir de algumas questoes norteadoras. As entrevistas foram analisadas pela tecnica de analise de conteudo. Os resultados evidenciaram que a doenca nao se instala apenas no corpo, mas ocupa um grande espaco na vida desses individuos e de seus familiares, alem disso, nota-se que as maes das criancas e os adolescentes estao atentos aos cuidados diarios e enfrentam dificuldades no tratamento e controle do DM1, principalmente no que se refere a alimentacao aliadas aos aspectos emocionais, conviviais e socioeconomicos. Conclui-se que os profissionais da saude devem buscar constantemente o conhecimento para que possam assistir o paciente diabetico. Alem disso, o profissional nutricionista deve criar estrategias que estimulem esta populacao na busca de uma alimentacao adequada que proporcione a manutencao e promocao da saude.

Good hygiene practices in hospital nutrition services: the view of internal and external auditors

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of hospital nutrition services according to internal and external auditors, before and after intervention, based on the requirements of Good Hygiene Practices. Fifteen hospital nutrition services were evaluated based on a checklist applied by internal auditors and by an external auditor. The intervention program was prepared and implemented in all the locations over one year, and was composed of four points: 1) training; 2) preparation of the action plan; 3) preparation of the documentation; 4) monthly visits to motivate the food handlers and responsible technicians, accompaniment and assistance in the implementation of Good Hygiene Practices. An improvment in the application of Good Hygiene Practices was observed in the hospital nutrition services after the systematic intervention, in the view of both the internal and external auditors, except the requirement related to operational aspects, which had a low percentage of adequacy, both before and after the intervention Before the intervention, there was a significant difference between the evaluation of the internal auditors and the external auditor, which was not found later. These results suggest that the systematic intervention assisted in the adoption of Good Hygiene Practices by hospital nutrition services, according to both the internal and external auditors, and contributed to increasing the knowledge of the internal auditors.