Romeu Benatti Junior

Omissão de macronutrientes em rami

Ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.) were cultivated in rinsed sand, under greenhouse conditions, in pots irrigated with destilled water, complete nutrient solution and nutrient solutions with absence of one macronutrient each time (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S). After three months, the plants showed typical symptoms of deficiency associated to low content of each nutrient in the leaves and plant growth reduction.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE HÍBRIDOS DE AGAVE

Fiber production per plant and leaf dry matter content as well as leaf fiber and non-fibrous fraction levels have been scored in 152 Agave hybrids, and the results compared with those of Agave sisalana (common species). Those hybrids were derived from the backcross (A. amaniensis x A. angustifolia) x A. amaniensis. Fiber production (0.2 to 2.5 kg/plant), leaf dry matter content (142.3 to 216.0 g/kg), leaf fiber (189.9 to 361.9 g/kg) and leaf non-fibrous fraction (219.2 to 365.1 g/kg) varied sharply among the hybrids tested, as compared with the values obtained in Agave sisalana. Average fiber production (1.4 kg/plant) from the 58 highest yielding hybrids significantly outscored that of the common species (0.7 kg/plant).

Caracterização tecnológica de espécies liberianas para o estabelecimento de métodos de análise quantitativa de fibras

The technological characteristics of five bast plants were determined mainly to establish a new methodology for textile and cellulosic fibers determinations. The studied species (Crotalaria juncea, Hibiscus cannabinus, Corchorus capsularis, Urena lobatta and Boehmeria nivea) were collected in 1987, from experiments carried out at the Experiment Center of Campinas, and Experiment Station of Pariquera-Acu, Instituto Agronomico, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The results showed technological differences among species. The Crotalaria stalks with the lowest bast contents (19.65%), presented the highest value for the total cellulosic fibers (54.84%) obtained from the bast and woody fraction of the stalk. The bast content for other species varied from 30.74 to 41.13% and the total fibers from 39.46 to 48.38%. The methods of analysis utilized and described in this paper, represent a new methodology for the quantitative determination of textile and cellulosic fibers.Procedeu-se a caracterizacao tecnologica de cinco especies nao arboreas fornecedoras de fibras liberianas, visando, principalmente, ao estabelecimento de novo metodo de analise quantitativa de fibras texteis e celulosicas. Essas especies - Crotalaria juncea, Hibiscus cannabinus, Corchorus capsularis, Urena lobatta e Boehmeria nivea - foram coletadas em 1987, de experimentos desenvolvidos no Centro Experimental de Campinas e na Estacao Experimental de Pariquera-Acu do Instituto Agronomico (IAC). Os resultados mostraram variacoes tecnologicas significativas entre tais especies. A crotalaria, com o menor teor de liber (19,65%) apresentou o maior teor de fibras celulosicas totais (54,84%), provenientes das fracoes liberianas e lenhosas do caule. Para as demais especies, os teores de liber variaram de 30,74 a 41,13% e as fibras celulosicas de 39,46 a 48,38%. Os procedimentos de analise descritos representaram novo metodo para avaliar quantitativamente os teores de fibras texteis e celulosicas nos caules de especies nao arboreas.

Omissão de macronutrientes em junco

Rush plants (Cyperus malaccensis Lam.) were cultivated in sand culture under greenhouse conditions, irrigated with a complet nutrient solution, nutrient solutions with absence of each macronutrient and distilled water. Symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies were observed, except for calcium and magnesium and were related to the contents of the elements in the plant.

Technological characteristics of jute stalks to produce cellulosic fibers for paper making

In this paper six varieties of jute identified by the numbers I-53502, I -53503, I -52444, I -52445, I -52446 e Roxa were studied considering the following stalk technological characteristics: basic density, contents of bast, woody fiber, cellulose and fiber dimensions. The basic density ranged from 0.270 to 0.335g/cm3, showing differences among varieties. The contents of bast ranged from 36.6 to 40.6%, woody from 49.4 to 63.4%, fiber from 17.3 to 22.0%, and cellulose from 42.4 to 45.4%; the bast fiber lengths ranged from 1.99 to 2.14mm and woody 0.70 to 0.82mm. These results indicated the great potential the jute stalks have to produce cellulose fibers for paper making.

Composição química das folhas e dimensões das fibras lenhosas em rami

The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the potential uses of the ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.) after the bast fiber extraction (textile fiber). The chemical composition of leaves and woody fiber dimensions of ramie stalk were determined. The results showed that the ramie leaf dry matter presented the following average composition: crude protein 19.59%, crude fiber 12.98%, carbohydrates 43.10%, ash 19.10%, calcium 6.24%, ether extract 5.23% phospurus 0.17%, magnesium 0.59%, and iron 0.038%. These data compared to the alfafa composition, indicate that ramie leaves can be used for animal feed. The average values for fiber length, fiber width, lumen and cellwall thickness were, respectively 0.57mm, 23.7µm, 11.85µm and 5.92 µm. The fiber length value can be considered extremely short, in comparison with Eucaliptus and Pinus fiber.

Rami: análise de cinco anos de irrigação e adubação em Campinas

A field experiment with ramie (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.) cv. Murakami, was conducted in Dusky - Red Latosol at Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The treatments consisted of irrigated and non-irrigated plots with and without annual fertilization. The sprinkler irrigation was applied when 60-70% of the available water was depleted from the first 50cm of soil profile. Irrigation brought an average increase in crude fiber production of 175% in relation to unfertilized non-irrigated treatment. Fertilization also increased production, but to a lesser degree than irrigation. Both treatments combined increased fiber production by 212%. Analyzing the 82 irrigations applied during the 60-month period of experimentation, it was concluded that an irrigation system for growing ramie at Campinas should be designed for application interval of nine days, in order to attend 80% of the irrigation necessity throughout the year.

Estudo, em lisimetros monolíticos, de perdas de água e evapotranspiração em três tipos de solos sob diferentes condições de uso

In this paper the authors present the data obtained in podzolic Lins and Marilia v. Marilia soil, ortho-red yellow podzolic soil, and latosolic roxo in the monolith lysimeters located at Campinas Experiment Station of Instituto Agronomico, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The lysimeter and evaporimeter set up measures the water losses by percolation, surface runoff and evapotranspiration. It has been determined the surface runoff and percolation losses from three soil profile depths (0.45 m; 0.90 m, and 1.80 m) in soils with different soil cover: crop rotation (cotton, soybeans, corn, meadow, meadow); no cover, bare soil; straw mulch; coffee tree; coffee tree + straw mulch; coffee tree + dust mulch; coffee tree + irrigation. In the podzolic Lins and Marilia var. Marilia no difference in percolation and surface runoff was found from the influence of the soil depth profile. The soil surface runoff and the percolation losses varied from the different soil use; no difference in percolation was found from the influence of different coffee practices. The evapotranspiration was greater at the evaporimeters with coffee tree when compared with the ones with bare soil or with straw mulch. In the ortho-red yellow podzolic soil with the increase of the profile depth the percolation decreases and the surface runoff increases; there is a close relationship between precipitation and amount of percolation. The soil surface runoff and the percolation losses varied from the different soil use and with the different coffee practices. The evapotranspiration was greater at the evaporimeters with coffee tree when compared with the ones with bare soil or with straw mulch. In the latosolic roxo with the increase of the profile depth the percolation increases. There is a close relationship between precipitation and amount of percolation; the soil surface runoff and the percolation losses varied from the different soil use and with the different coffee practices. The evapotranspiration was greater at the evaporimeters with coffee tree when compared with the ones with bare soil or with straw mulch.

Technological characterization of some bast plants for the establishment of a new method of fiber determination

The technological characteristics of five bast plants were determined mainly to establish a new methodology for textile and cellulosic fibers determinations. The studied species (Crotalaria juncea, Hibiscus cannabinus, Corchorus capsularis, Urena lobatta and Boehmeria nivea) were collected in 1987, from experiments carried out at the Experiment Center of Campinas, and Experiment Station of Pariquera-Acu, Instituto Agronomico, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The results showed technological differences among species. The Crotalaria stalks with the lowest bast contents (19.65%), presented the highest value for the total cellulosic fibers (54.84%) obtained from the bast and woody fraction of the stalk. The bast content for other species varied from 30.74 to 41.13% and the total fibers from 39.46 to 48.38%. The methods of analysis utilized and described in this paper, represent a new methodology for the quantitative determination of textile and cellulosic fibers.Procedeu-se a caracterizacao tecnologica de cinco especies nao arboreas fornecedoras de fibras liberianas, visando, principalmente, ao estabelecimento de novo metodo de analise quantitativa de fibras texteis e celulosicas. Essas especies - Crotalaria juncea, Hibiscus cannabinus, Corchorus capsularis, Urena lobatta e Boehmeria nivea - foram coletadas em 1987, de experimentos desenvolvidos no Centro Experimental de Campinas e na Estacao Experimental de Pariquera-Acu do Instituto Agronomico (IAC). Os resultados mostraram variacoes tecnologicas significativas entre tais especies. A crotalaria, com o menor teor de liber (19,65%) apresentou o maior teor de fibras celulosicas totais (54,84%), provenientes das fracoes liberianas e lenhosas do caule. Para as demais especies, os teores de liber variaram de 30,74 a 41,13% e as fibras celulosicas de 39,46 a 48,38%. Os procedimentos de analise descritos representaram novo metodo para avaliar quantitativamente os teores de fibras texteis e celulosicas nos caules de especies nao arboreas.

Three soil management systems in corn crop: a comparative study in State of São Paulo, Brazil

Three crop production systems (namely conventional, reduced tillage and no-till) were compared as to yields, fuel consumption, and number of machine hours per hectare in a five-year experiment (1979/80 to 1982/83) carried out at the Experiment Station in Jundiai, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. No significant differences among treatments were detected in the yields, althought they came up in fuel consumption and number of machine hours. The performance of a disc cultivator was also evaluated. The no-till system showed the least values for fuel consumption and number of machine hours, while the reduced tillage showed intermediate results and the conventional system the highest values. The disc cultivator in the no-till system demonstrated the possibility of eliminating the use of herbicides in the inter-row cultivation. Once the three systems showed significant differences in fuel consumption and number of machine hours per hectare but not in the yields, both factors could be taken in consideration in the adoption of one of the systems evaluated.Tres sistemas de manejo do solo em cultura do milho (cultivo convencional, cultivo reduzido e plantio direto) foram comparados do ponto de vista de consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional, mediante a analise de resultados de experimentos realizados em campo de producao da Estacao Experimental de Jundiai, com duracao de cinco anos (de 1978/79 a 1982/83). A produtividade, tambem objeto de analise, foi tomada como fator condicionante. Nao foram constatadas diferencas significativas entre os tres sistemas quanto a produtividade, tendo, porem, os mesmos diferido entre si quanto ao consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional. O sistema que apresentou menor consumo e exigiu o menor numero de horas de trabalho por hectare foi o plantio direto, seguido pelos cultivos reduzido e convencional. O desempenho satisfatorio de um cultivador de discos inicialmente desenvolvido para o plantio direto tomou desnecessario o uso de herbicidas na fase de pos-plantio, pratica normalmente empregada no plantio direto. O fato de os sistemas de manejo terem diferido entre si quanto ao consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional indica que esses fois fatores podem ser considerados numa analise mais ampla para a escolha de um deles.