Rosimar dos Santos Musser

Caracterização física e físico-química de frutos de cajá-umbu (Spondias spp.)

This work had as objective the physical and physico-chemical characterization of fruits of caja-umbu (Spondias spp.) genotypes cultivated under climatic conditions of the Zone of Forest of Pernambuco, aiming at identifying promising materials for commercial use and for works of genetic improvement. Fruits of caja-umbu from a collection of germ-plasm installed at experimental Station of Itambe-Pe were submitted to the following determinations: fruit and seed weight (FW and SW), pulp yield (PY), relation between longitudinal and transversal diameter (LD/TD), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA) and the relation TSS/TTA. it was evidenced that the weight of the fruits and the seeds had presented significant variation without, however, presenting difference in the RP and relation Ld/td of the fruits. the pH, TSS, TTA and TSS/TTA for the fruits from the genotypes showed significant differences.

Características físico-químicas de acerola do banco ativo de germoplasma em Pernambuco

Physicochemical characteristics of mature acerola fruits from 12 genotypes cultivated at Active Germoplasm Bank of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), harvested at winter/1999, summer/2000 and summer/2001, were analyzed. The joint analysis of these fruits showed the following average variation: ascorbic acid 1067 to 1846mg/100g of fruit pulp; total anthocyanins 3.8 to 47.4mg/100g of fruit pulp; total flavonols 7.0 to 18.5 quercetin mg/100g of fruit pulp; titratable acidity (TA) 1.04 to 1.87g of malic acid/100g of fruit pulp; total soluble solids (TSS) 7.0 to 8.4oBrix; TSS/TA ratio 4.4 to 6.9 and pH 3.11 to 3.41. Considering the characteristics analyzed, all genotypes, except 015-CPA, which showed ascorbic acid level lower than the transformation industry standard, are potentially promising.

Physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress in Barbados cherry

To evaluate physiological genotypic differences between two Barbados cherry genotypes (13- and 14-CPA) under water deficit, initial growth, water relations, and organic solute accumulation were evaluated in an experiment performed using four-month-old seedlings, which were subjected to four water treatments (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity), with five replications. Severe water deficit (25% of field capacity) negatively affected plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of the leaves and stem to both genotypes, and root dry matter to genotype 13-CPA. Predawn (Ywpd) and midday leaf water potentials (Ywmd) were reduced in plants grown under 25% of field capacity, only in the genotype 14-CPA. There was not a change in relative water content, even with the reduction in the leaf water potential. Severe water deficit did not induce organic solutes accumulation, instead it reduced carbohydrate content in leaves of genotypes and aminoacids, proline and proteins, in genotype 13-CPA. In the roots accumulation of all organic solutes studied, it was verified genotype 13-CPA under 25% of field capacity, but only carbohydrates increased in plants under 25% of field capacity to 14-CPA. These results suggest two different mechanisms used by Barbados cherry genotypes to maintain the water status. To the 13-CPA one, the accumulation of soluble organic solutes in the roots is the main mechanism used to maintain the tissue hydration. However, the 14-CPA genotype changed the root to shoot ratio in order to avoid desiccation. Despite the mechanism used by both genotypes, a moderate drought stress does not induce significant morphophysiological changes in Barbados cherry.

Seleção de genótipos de aceroleira assistida por marcadores isoenzimáticos visando à resistência a Meloidogyne incognita raça 2

The culture of the Barbados cherry has increased great interest in the consuming market, in view of high levels of vitamin C, each 100ml of juice has contents of 1,325mg / 2,250mg of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid).With the increase of the plantations phytosanitary problems appeared, such as infection of the roots for nematodes. The utilisation of chemical products for controlling nematodes is unsafe for the environment, therefore the election of resistant and tolerant genotypes is the best solution for this problem. The work was developed in greenhouse, with eighteen genotypes of Barbados cherry aiming to find resistant genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita race 2, marked with iso-enzymatic markers, indicating plants destined for rootstock. Sixty days after the inoculation, the evaluation of the variables began: amount of eggs per plant and weight of root, index of galls and eggs mass, fresh biomass relative to the root systems, fresh biomass relative to the aerial part. The results permitted to identify the genotype 023-CMF as the less susceptible and the genotypes 027-CMF and 035-CMF as the most susceptible. Studies carried out through iso-enzymatic electrophoresis with the systems α -esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase. Twenty, forty and sixty days after the inoculation with eggs of M. incognita race2, made it possible to relate the expression of proteins with the susceptibility. The genotypes genetically closer, with index of similarity 0.941 are: 027-CMF and 026-CMF, 046-CMF and 026-CMF and 041-CMF and 026-CMF. The lesser indices of genetic similarity 0.115 are: genotypes 002-SPE and 036-CMF.

Variabilidade genética em genótipos da coleção de germoplasma de Citrus, do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco Brejão-PE, por meio de marcadores moleculares ISSR

O Brasil e o maior produtor de laranja respondendo por 50% da producao mundial, tendo no ano de 2009 produzido mais de 18 milhoes de toneladas, em uma area plantada de 990 mil hectares. Apesar dos recentes avancos da citricultura nacional, existe pouca diversificacao, sendo as variedades de laranjas Pera, Natal, Valencia e Hamlin as de maior representacao nacional. Na regiao Nordeste, onde a situacao e ainda mais grave, a laranja Pera e responsavel pela grande maioria da producao. O municipio de Garanhuns/PE e os municipios vizinhos do Agreste Meridional apresentam potencial de expansao para o cultivo de variedades de citros para o consumo in natura devido, principalmente, a altitude. O objetivo deste trabalho foi atestar a variabilidade genetica, por meio de marcadores moleculares ISSR, das variedades do genero Citrus a serem introduzidas e recomendadas para a regiao Nordeste pela Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura. A metodologia ISSR-PCR permitiu a visualizacao de um total de 167 locos com a utilizacao de 15 primers. Destes 162 locos (97%) exibiram polimorfismo e cinco (3%) foram monomorficos. De acordo com a analise do dendrograma e da matriz de similaridade genetica foi possivel agrupar as 15 variedades de laranja doce em um unico grupo com 27% de diversidade entre si e 40% em relacao aos outros cinco genotipos, formados por tres limoes, uma tangerina e um pomelo. O alto grau de polimorfismo observado sugere uma grande variabilidade genetica entre as 15 variedades estudadas, o que e desejavel para a diversificacao de variedades a serem indicadas futuramente para o Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. Termos para indexacao: estudo de diversidade, fingerprinting, laranja.

Physical and production characteristics of acerola fruit from active germplasm bank in Pernambuco

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and production characteristics of fruits from twelve acerola genotypes cultivated at the Active Germplasm Bank in Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The average weight and size of fruits from the Winter/1999, Summer/2000 and Summer/2001 seasons as well as plant yield and average number of fruits/genotype were assessed. Results from the joint analysis of all harvests presented average variation on fruit weight of 3.88 to 7.11g; fruit height of 1.74 to 2.07cm and fruit diameter of 1.94 to 2.46cm. The annual production variation of 12 genotypes during 1999 was of 3.23 to 10.31 Kg of fruit/plant; meanwhile during 2000 this variation was of 6.73 to.44.70 Kg of fruit/plant. In 1999 and 2000, approximately, 50% of the annual production occurred in October, November and December. The genotypes 012-CPA, 013-CPA and 014-CPA are potentially promising because they were considered the most productive and showed the physical characteristics (weight and diameter) demanded by transformation industry.

Análise exploratória das características morfológicas e qualitativas de variedades de laranjeiras de mesa da coleção em brejão - PE

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as caracteristicas morfologicas e os aspectos fisicos, fisico-quimicos e quimicos das plantas e dos frutos de 15 variedades de laranjas cedidas pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura (Embrapa - CNPMF), e plantadas na Estacao Experimental do Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco, Brejao-PE. Foram avaliados: diâmetro do caule acima e abaixo da linha de enxertia e a relacao entre eles, diâmetro da copa, altura da planta e volume de copa. Nos frutos, as avaliacoes consistiram em: formato, coloracao do epicarpo, massa do fruto, massa do suco, altura e diâmetro do fruto, espessura do mesocarpo e do endocarpo, numero de sementes por fruto e rendimento em suco. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com quatro repeticoes e uma planta por parcela. Para o aspecto qualitativo dos frutos, utilizou-se o mesmo delineamento, e foram avaliados atraves de 12 descritores. Apenas seis das variedades de laranjas estudadas estao dentro das exigencias do Programa Brasileiro para a Modernizacao da Horticultura e cinco das variedades de laranjas mostraram-se com maturacao diferente das descritas na literatura.

Genetic variability in accessions of the acerola germplasm bank of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil

Brazil is the worlds largest producer of acerola, Malpighia emarginata (Malpighiaceae); the Northeast is responsible for 60% of the national production. The culture of acerola in Brazil has great genetic variability; plantings have high phenotypic diversity and are not very productive, often originating from propagation by seed. We evaluated the genetic diversity of 42 accessions from the Acerola Active Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Using 15 RAPD primers, 182 markers were obtained, of which 166 were polymorphic and 16 were monomorphic. We found high genetic variability among the accessions (ĤE = 0.29), with no redundancy. Considering the accessions from the states of Pernambuco, Bahia and Pará as distinct groups, there was greater diversity in accessions from Bahia than from the other two states.

DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA EM ACESSOS DE Passiflora cincinnata Mast. BASEADA EM DESCRITORES MORFOAGRONÔMICOS E MARCADORES MOLECULARES

Passiflora cincinnata Mast. has become more popular in the market because the unusual flavor of its fruits and natural beauty of its flowers, and has great potential for breeding programs of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, because its resistance to diseases and drought. The objective of this work was to evaluate seven wild passion fruit (P. cincinnata) accessions, using morphological and agronomic descriptors and molecular markers type ISSR, to identify their morphoagronomic and genetic variabilities and potential for use in breeding programs. A randomized block experimental design was used with five replications and two plants per plot. Thirteen qualitative and twenty-one quantitative, vegetative and floral characteristics were used for morphoagronomic characterization. Twelve ISSR primers were evaluated for molecular characterization. Among the qualitative characteristics, only the color variations were significantly different between the accessions. According to the mean squares of the quantitative characteristics evaluated, obtained from analysis of variance, the means of accessions showed significant differences (p<0.01) for all characteristics. The IAL (internode average length) was the morphological descriptor that most contributed to diversity, with 43.12%, followed by DH5 (stem diameter at 5 cm height) and SW (sepal width). The average genetic similarity found was 68%. Despite the low genetic variability found among accessions, the primers UBC-887 and UBC-841 stood out with high percentage of polymorphism with 14 and 11 polymorphic fragments, respectively, and higher values of polymorphism information content (PIC), resolving power (RP) and marker index (MI), denoting suitability for use in diversity studies of P. cincinnata. Low variability was found among accessions evaluated.

Response of Malpighia emarginata active germplasm bank accessions to Meloidogyne enterolobii parasitism

Malpighia emarginata is cultivated in almost all Brazil and is considered an important agricultural crop. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii has been described as a major threat to this crop, causing great production losses. Due to the scarcity of information about the severity of this parasite in M. emarginata plants in Brazil, this study investigated M. enterolobii resistance of ten M. emarginata genotypes from the active germplasm bank of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. The experiment was conducted adopting a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 11 x 2 x 5, where M. emarginata cuttings were inoculated with 10,000 eggs in a greenhouse. After 150 days, plants were evaluated for the following parameters: gall index, egg mass index, number of eggs per root system, number of eggs per gram of root, and reproduction factor. The accessions showed different responses depending on host x pathogen interaction, from susceptibility to moderate tolerance. Accessions 027-CMF and 031-CMF were considered tolerant to the nematode and could be of great value in new breeding programs for resistance to M. enterolobii infection.