Dagma Kratz

Propriedades físicas e químicas de substratos renováveis

RESUMO – A necessidade premente de aumento no numero de mudas plantadas anualmente, bem como a crescente diminuicao na disponibilidade de materias-primas tradicionais para composicao de substratos, tem levado a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos que visam a avaliacao e disponibilizacao de novos materiais para sua composicao tecnica e economicamente eficientes. Em vista disso, este estudo objetivou analisar as propriedades fisicas e quimicas de substratos formulados com base em materiais renovaveis e de grande disponibilidade (fibra de coco, casca de arroz carbonizada em diferentes granulometrias, biossolido e casca de pinus semidecomposta), bem como suas intercorrelacoes. Para tanto, foram formulados 41 substratos, os quais tiveram suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas avaliadas. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que, pelas suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas, uma serie de materiais renovaveis e, ou, residuos agroindustriais e humanos se adequam para serem utilizados como componentes na formulacao de substratos para producao de mudas florestais, embora os conteudos de alguns nutrientes em determinados substratos devam ser ajustados via adubacao de base. Em vista do fato de as propriedades fisicas serem mais decisivas na escolha de determinada formulacao de substrato, entre os componentes e misturas avaliadas se pode concluir que os substratos formulados a base de fibra de coco e casca de arroz carbonizada se mostraram mais adequados. Palavras-chave: Biossolido; Casca de arroz carbonizada; Fibra de coco. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RENEWABLE SUBSTRATES

EFEITO DE FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES E DA ADUBAÇÃO NO CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Eugenia uniflora L., PRODUZIDAS EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the fertilization and substrate composition on growth of seedlings of . Eugenia unifloraThe seeds were germinated in vermiculite and transplanted to plastic tubes (100 cm3) containing substrates with vermicomposting and carbonized rice hull, and as a control, we used the commercial substrate prepared with pine bark. These substrates were tested with and without mycorrhizal inoculation, added to the substrate, but also tested the presence and absence of fertilization. The physicochemical properties of formulated substrates were analyzed. We evaluated height, stem diameter, aggregation of roots to the substrate, air dry biomass, radicial dry biomass and it was determined the relationship between height and stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation with AMF did not influence the growth of seedlings, whereas the interaction between substrates and fertilization was significant for most variables. The lack of response to AMF was probably due to high concentrations of phosphorus in these substrates. We concluded that the substrate with vermicomposting and carbonized rice hulls in the ratio of 20/80 can be used in the production of seedlings of this species.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the fertilization and substrate composition on growth of seedlings of Eugenia uniflora. The seeds were germinated in vermiculite and transplanted to plastic tubes (100 cm3) containing substrates with vermicompost and carbonized rice hull, and as a control, we used the commercial substrate prepared with pine bark. These substrates were tested with and without mycorrhizal inoculation, added to the substrate, but also tested the presence and absence of fertilization. The physicochemical properties of formulated substrates were analyzed. Were evaluated height, stem diameter, aggregation of roots to the substrate, air dry biomass, radicial dry biomass and were determined the relationship between height and stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation with AMF did not influence the growth of seedlings, whereas the interaction between substrates and fertilization was significant for most variables. The lack of response to AMF was probably due to high concentrations of phosphorus in these substrates. It was concluded that the substrate with vermicompost and carbonized rice hulls in the ratio of 20/80 can be used in the production of seedlings of this species.

Efeito de micorrizas e da fertilização no crescimento de mudas de Campomanesia Xanthocarpa (mart.) O.berg., produzidas em diferentes substratos .

Due to the need for recovery of degraded areas and permanent preservation areas, the planting of native species in Brazil increased and consequently there was an increase in demand for seedlings. Thus, in order to produce seedlings Campomanesia xanthocarpa with higher quality, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation, fertilization and substrate composition on growth of seedlings of this species. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Florestas (Colombo, PR). Seedlings after germination in vermiculite were transplanted to plastic pots (100 cm 3 ) containing substrates based in vermicompost and rice husk and commercial substrate base pine bark. These substrates were tested with and without mycorrhizal inoculation and the presence and absence of manuring. Analyzed the physico-chemical properties of substrates formulated and at 180 days, were evaluated height, diameter, aggregation of roots to the substrate, shoot dry biomass, root dry biomass, the relationship between height and diameter and Dickson quality index. Means were compared by Tukey test (5%). Inoculation with AMF did not influence the growth of seedlings, while the interaction between substrates and fertilization was significant for most variables. The lack of response to AMF was probably due to high concentrations of phosphorus in these substrates. Fertilization had great effect on seedling growth, probably due to the reduced dimensions of the seeds that consumes all the reservation during the germination process. It was concluded that the substrate-based vermicompost and rice husk in the proportion of 30/70, can be used in the production of seedlings of this species. This substrate can replace the commercial base pine bark, where the seedlings showed reduced growth, for most variables.

USE OF RENEWABLE SUBSTRATES FOR EX VITRO PRODUCTION OF Melaleuca alternifolia CHEEL CLONAL PLANTS BY MINI-CUTTINGS TECHNIQUE

The Australian species Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. has a strong commercial importance due to the extraction of essential oils from its leaves used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. In order to obtain an efficient plant production system of M. alternifolia the mini-cuttings technique and the clonal mini-garden management in the productivity and rooting of mini-cuttings and different substrate compositions were analyzed during all the seasons. Mini-stumps derived from cuttings and grown in pots (2 L), were submitted to successive harvesting of their sprouts during the four seasons (september/2013 to august/2014). From the mini-stumps sprouts mini-cuttings were produced, wich were were planted in plastic tubes and kept in a greenhouse for 45 days. Six substrates were used for planting the mini-cuttings: commercial substrate (S1); substrate composed of 100% carbonized rice husk (CRH) (S2); substrate composed of 100% coconut fiber (CF) (S3); substrate composed of 50% CF and 50% CRH (S4); substrate composed of 30% CF and 70% CRH (S5); substrate composed of 70% FC and 30% CRH (S6). The high survival of mini-stumps (over 90%) and the mini-cuttings production (282 mini-cuttings.m-2.month-1) in the shade house demonstrate the technical feasibility for the species, being summer the most appropriate time to collect propagules. The substrate composed by 70% CF + 30% CRH (S6) shows superior results for vegetative propagation of M. alternifolia (91.7% of rooted mini-cuttings), as the single one to contemplate simultaneously all parameters. Summer is recommended as the best time for rooting of mini-cuttings. SUBSTRATOS RENOVÁVEIS NA PRODUÇÃO EX VITRO DE MUDAS DE Melaleuca alternifolia CHEEL. POR miniestaquia RESUMO: A espécie australiana Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel., tem uma forte importância na indústria farmacêutica e de cosméticos devido a extração dos óleos essenciais presentes nas folhas. Visando um sistema eficiente de produção de mudas de M. alternifolia, avaliou-se a técnica de miniestaquia e manejo do minijardim clonal na produtividade e enraizamento de miniestacas, além das diferentes composições de substratos nas quatro estações do ano. Minicepas provenientes de mudas propagadas por estaquia foram analisadas durante as quatro estações do ano (setembro/2013 a agosto/2014). A partir das brotações das minicepas foram produzidas miniestacas, as quais foram plantadas em tubetes e mantidas em casa de vegetação por 45 dias. Foram seis os substratos utilizados para o plantio das miniestacas: substrato comercial (S1); substrato composto por 100% de casca de arroz carbonizada (CRH) (S2); substrato composto por 100% de fibra de coco (CF) (S3); substrato composto por 50% CF e 50% CRH (S4); substrato composto por 30% CF e 70% CRH (S5); substrato composto por 70% CF e 30% CRH (S6). A elevada sobrevivência das minicepas (superior a 90%) e produção de miniestacas (282 miniestacas.m-2.mês) em casa de sombra demonstram a viabilidade da técnica para a espécie, sendo o verão a época mais adequada para coleta de propágulos. O substrato a base de 70% CF + 30% CRH (S6) apresenta resultados superiores para a propagação vegetativa de M. alternifolia (91,7% de estacas enraizadas), sendo o único a atender simultaneamente todos os parâmetros avaliados. Recomenda-se o verão como a melhor época para enraizamento das miniestacas.