Ruy de Quadros Carvalho

Padrões de intensidade tecnológica da indústria brasileira: um estudo comparativo com os países centrais

The present work aims to demonstrate that the Brazilian industry display a level of technology effort that differ from those found in developed countries. In order to define these levels we have adopted indicators of technology intensity, measured as R&D expenditure by value added, of R&D expenditure structure and of Human Resources by sector of the industry. Due to these differences, the present work proposes a classification of sectors based on technological intensity for the Brazilian case, which differs from the classification defined by OECD.

Desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automobilística brasileira: perspectivas e obstáculos para a capacitação local

This paper is concerned with opportunities for activities of product development carried out by subsidiaries of the four biggest car makers based in Brazil: General Motors, Ford, Volkswagen and Fiat. The point made here is that the global strategies pursued by the car makers may not weaken the product development capability of their Brazilian subsidiaries. Empirical findings we have made up to now support this point. Based on interviews with the Brazilian subsidiaries, two distinct trajectories and product strategies are observed. Both General Motors and Fiat, adopting local product policies associated with partly decentralized global strategies, have increased their product activities and engineering staff in Brazil, strengthening their local capabilities in product development. In another direction, Ford, and to some extend Volkswagen, pursuing more centralized strategies of product development, have downsized the R&D area and engineering staff in their Brazilian subsidiaries.

Empresas multinacionais e inovação tecnológica no Brasil

The article examines the technological efforts carried out _ presently and prospectively _ by multinational enterprises in Brazil. It argues that these enterprises are willing to increase their R&D activities abroad which may represent an opportunity to Brazil to develop its national system of innovation. However, the adoption of appropriate policies is an important condition to succeed in this endeavour.

R&D+ i Strategic Management in a Public Company in the Brazilian Electric Sector

The purpose of this paper is - by reporting an experience of structuring processes and tools related to the strategic management of R&D in the electricity sector – to show the conditions and potential for improved efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness in the R&D program set by ANEEL. The methodology is action research. This is because the proposed and tested model is the result of reflection and resolution of critical organizational issues, applied in a public company in the electric power sector. Act No. 9,991 of July 24, 2000 provides for the obligation on the part of concessionaires, permittees, and licensees in the electric power sector to invest part of their operating revenue in research and development (R&D). For the effective implementation of these legal obligations, companies prepare their annual R&D programs, comprising projects that aim at developing innovative solutions for their processes and increasing business efficiency. However, the urgency to comply with the contractual provisions, coupled with the small amount of experience most companies have when it comes to carrying out R&D activities and projects, has led to the gradual formation of a mode of R&D implementation and management that does not favor its optimization and alignment with the goals the utility companies and the sector’s own technological development . The approach proposed in this paper consists of structuring the processes and tools related to the management of R&D driven by innovation (R&D+i) and aligned with with the business strategy. These processes include the adoption of procedures and tools to manage structured, integrated decision-making flows involved in the innovation process, aiming at full alignment with business goals and objectives.

Impacts of New Technologies on Free-to-Air TV industry: Lessons from Selected Country Cases

This paper aims to examine the impacts of new technologies, especially of the digital TV, on the industry of terrestrial TV in selected countries. Taking the evolution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a background scenario, the transformations provoked by digitization of TV on the following aspects are analyzed: (i) the market structure of terrestrial TV (or free-to-air TV broadcasting), (ii) the plurality and diversity of TV programming. Based on secondary data and on recent studies on the technological trajectory of terrestrial TV in selected countries, one concludes that digital TV may provide great opportunities for development in such industry, but the magnitude of its benefits is strongly conditioned by socioeconomic factors and by how the service was regulated. Such findings may contribute to Brazilian debate on development opportunities opened by technological change to the television sector.

Projeto de primeiro mundo com conhecimento e trabalho do terceiro

No artigo procura-se documentar e discutir a relacao existente entre atraso tecnologico e uso predatorio do trabalho, tracando um paralelo entre o Brasil e os paises de industrializacao avancada. Na atual fase de aceleracao tecnologica, a ampliacao do conteudo inovativo do trabalho e o eixo comum da mudanca dos processos de trabalho e constitui importante colaboracao a capacidade das firmas de acumularem conhecimento e inovarem. No entanto, no Brasil, uma industrializacao marcada pelo baixo grau de capacitacao tecnologica continua associada a predominância de processos de trabalho ainda inspirados em principios tayloristas, baseados primordialmente no uso de forca de trabalho pouco qualificada, mal remunerada e com vinculo de emprego instavel. Argumenta-se que esses dois aspectos do atraso brasileiro reforcam-se mutuamente.

Patterns of Technological Intensity in the Brazilian Industry: A Comparative Study with Developed Countries

Summary The present work aims to demonstrate that Brazilian industries display levels of efforts in technology that differ from those encountered in developed countries. In order to define these levels we have adopted indicators of technological intensity (expenditure in R&D/added value), of the structure of spending in R&D and of the human resources allocated to each industry. We have compared these indicators to those of other developed countries where similar statistics are available. The data regarding expenditure and human resources in Brazil, when compared to that of developed countries, has displayed considerable structural differences in the sectoral levels of technology intensity. These differences have been attributed to the fact that Brazil is a relatively closed market economy, with a low level of technological specialization in the high or medium-high technology industries, and except in the case of the aeronautics industry, that relies on the external flow of technology. To explain the differentiated levels that Brazil presents among its different industries, we have made use of four key factors: technology tacitness; supply’s local content; the presence of foreign firms; and, the government policies adopted. Due to these differences, the present study proposes a classification of industries based on R&D intensity which, when applied to Brazil’s specific case, differs from classification defined by OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).

Desenvolvimento de novas competências e práticas de gestão da inovação voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável: estudo exploratório da Natura

Environment issues have induced firms to search and develop cleaner technologies and production practices. This process has created new business opportunities that are related to sustainabl e production and to the conservation of the environment. This paper aims at understanding the implications of innovation trajectories based on the development of sustainable products and technologies for innovation management practices and the related managerial competencies. The study explores the case of a Brazilian leading cosmetic manufacturer - Natura through secondary data of the company and its industry; and primary data by means of interviews with professionals of the research and development, strategy and marketing areas of Natura. The results show that the company presents a capability of perception of the technological and market opportunities when developing products for market niches not explored, besides the effort for implementating routines entirely new for the company and the mobilization of resources and competencies in its technological innovation management.

Innovation in Subsidiaries of Electro-Electronic Industry in Brazil

ABSTRACT In the past decades, competitive challenges have driven multinational companies to increase innovation by assigning more important roles to their subsidiaries. In this article, we analyze the scale and complexity of responsibilities and technological innovation routines in five subsidiaries of the electro-electronic industry installed in Brazil. The study is based on observational, documental, and bibliographical data, which provided a comprehensive picture of the subsidiaries’ responsibilities and innovation management practices. Our findings are valuable to policymakers and managers to improve the position of Brazilian (and other developing countries’) subsidiaries regarding global innovation.

Inovação em Serviços e sua Gestão: um balanço das teorias internacionais contemporâneas

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13071/regec.2317-5087.2013.2.2.4646.75-101 This article aims to present the current state of the art of discussions regarding the theme service innovation and its management. For this, it resorts to a critical literature review based on the main authors who have devoted themselves to this discussion in the last decades. This review resulted in a synthesis of the way how the debate was constructed, its main advances and bottlenecks, markedly when the focus lies on innovation management. We conclude that the field of service innovation management represents an excellent research opportunity for the coming years, with room for proposing “new” models which may be more suitable for service companies operating in the Brazilian context.