Sang-Kyun Kim

Semantic Home Photo Categorization

A semantic categorization method for generic home photo is proposed. The main contribution of this paper is to exploit a two-layered classification model incorporating camera metadata with low-level features for multilabel detection. The two-layered support vector machine (SVM) classifiers operate to detect local and global photo semantics in a feed-forward way. The first layer aims to predict likelihood of predefined local photo semantics based on camera metadata and regional low-level visual features. In the second layer, one or more global photo semantics is detected based on the likelihood. To construct classifiers producing a posterior probability, we use a parametric model to fit the output of SVM classifiers to posterior probability. A concept merging process based on a set of semantic-confidence maps is also presented to cope with selecting more likelihood photo semantics on spatially overlapping local regions. Experiment was performed with 3086 photos that come from MPEG-7 visual core experiment two official databases. Results showed that the proposed method would much better capture multiple semantic meanings of home photos, compared to other similar technologies

Stroke Filter for Text Localization in Video Images

In this paper, we propose stroke filter for text localization in video images. First, we give the definition of text, which is based on the analysis of previous methods and intrinsic characteristics of text. Secondly, the definition is realized in the form of stroke filter, which is elaborately designed based on local region analysis. We also discuss the relationship between the proposed stroke filter and the other related filters. Furthermore, stroke filter can be implemented in a fast way without convolution operation. The effectiveness and efficiency of stroke filter is validated by extensive experiments on a challenging database.

Influence of the electrokinetic behaviors of abrasive ceria particles and the deposited plasma-enhanced tetraethylorthosilicate and chemically vapor deposited Si 3 N 4 films in an aqueous medium on chemical mechanical planarization for shallow trench isolation

The effects of the electrokinetic behavior of abrasive ceria particles suspended in an aqueous medium and the deposited plasma-enhanced tetraethylorthosilicate (PETEOS) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Si 3 N 4 films onchemical mechanical planarization (CMP) for shallow trench isolation were investigated. The colloidal characteristics of ceria slurries, such as their stability and surface potential, in acidic, neutral, and alkaline suspensions were examined to determine the correlation between the colloidal properties of ceria slurry and CMP performance. The surface potentials of the ceria particles and the PETEOS and CVD Si 3 N 4 films in an aqueous suspending medium were dependent on the pH of the suspending medium. The differences in surface charges of ceria particles and the PETEOS and CVD Si 3 N 4 films have a profound effect on the removal rate and oxide-to-nitride selectivity of CMP performance.

Security of the internet‐based instant messenger: Risks and safeguards

Purpose – To identify controls that can harness the power and capabilities of instant messengers (IM) while minimizing potential security risks.Design/methodology/approach – A risk analysis method and (CIS)2 model are used.Findings – IM is a great tool for enterprise productivity. However, it has so many risks, but one could identify and control these risks with technical and managerial countermeasures.Research limitations/implications – This paper fails to provide detailed and specific risks of commercial IMs, and the case study provided in this paper focuses on the technical rather than managerial issues.Practical implications – A very helpful case study which provides general risks and controls of recent IMs for the security officers of various organizations.Originality/value – This paper outlined the risks of IM and potential controls for securing public IM in the workplace.

Influence of Physical Characteristics of Ceria Particles on Polishing Rate of Chemical Mechanical Planarization for Shallow Trench Isolation

By considering the physical characteristics of ceria particles, the factors affecting the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) performance for shallow trench isolation (STI) were investigated. Ceria powders were synthesized by calcination at temperatures of 400, 600, 700, 800, and 900°C. The influence of the calcination temperature on the physical characteristics, such as the crystallinity, grain size, porosity, morphology and high-resolution lattice images of the ceria particles, were investigated, and a correlation between the physical characteristics and the electrokinetic behaviors of the ceria particles in aqueous suspending media was also investigated to identify the relationship with CMP performance. Grain size increased with calcination temperature, as did the removal rate of plasma-enhanced tetraethylorthosilicate (PETEOS) film with slurries including these particles. The results indicate that the grain size of ceria particles is one of the key parameters controlling the removal rate and uniformity of PETEOS film.

A Supervisory Control Approach for Execution Control of an FMC

This paper presents a generic methodology based on formal language theory for the modeling and control of flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) systems. The motivating idea behind the overall approach stems from the supervisory control theory under the framework of Ramadge and Wonham. Essentially, we characterize the asynchronous and dynamic behavior of an FMC as a regular language and formulate the control logic generation problem as a sublanguage calculation problem, which requires the resulting language to satisfy at least two properties: maximal permissiveness and controllability. Then an algorithm for resolving the problem is presented. Based on the solution of the problem called supervisor, we propose a controller architecture that guarantees coordinated operation of an FMC through the regulation of occurrences of events. An adaptive control policy that regenerates supervisors on changes in task configurations is presented and a dynamic equation that describes the evolution of the control logic along time is derived. Then, we show that the proposed maximally permissive adaptive control policy has a number of preferred properties, including computational efficiency and consistency between the successive supervisors. Finally, a controller for an example FMC is implemented, using the object-oriented software modules. Our procedure has the merit of mathematical soundness, modular design, and systematic implementation.

Crystalline structure of ceria particles controlled by the oxygen partial pressure and STI CMP performances.

The effect of the crystalline structures of nano-sized ceria particles on shallow trench isolation (STI) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) performance was investigated. The ceria particles were synthesized via a solid-state displacement reaction method, and their crystalline structure was controlled by regulating the oxygen partial pressure at the reaction site on the precursor. The crystalline structures of ceria particles were analyzed by the high-resolution TEM nano-beam diffraction pattern. In a calcination process with a high oxygen concentration, the synthesized ceria particles had a cubic fluorite structure (CeO(2)), because of the decarbonation of the cerium precursor. However, a low oxygen concentration results in a hexagonal phase cerium oxide (Ce(2)O(3)) rather than the cubic phase due to the insufficient oxidation of Ce(3+) to Ce(4+). In the STI CMP evaluation, the ceria slurry prepared with the cubic CeO(2) shows enhanced performances of the oxide-to-nitride removal selectivity.

Cost-Benefit analysis of security investments: methodology and case study

We live in an unsafe world in which we encounter threats against our safety and security every day. This is especially true in the information processing environment. Managements are engaging and facing difficult problems to manage information security issues. One of the most brain-teasing management issues is “How they could make a decision on security-related investment to maximize the economic balance?” To solve this problem the ROI of security investments must be measured and managed. This paper provides the integrated methodology which consists of a process model and analysis criteria of cost factors and benefit factors to support an economic justification of security investments. Also, a case study is provided to show practicality of this methodology.

Effects of the physical characteristics of cerium oxide on plasma-enhanced tetraethylorthosiliate removal rate of chemical mechanical polishing for shallow trench isolation

Ceria powders were synthesized by two different methods, solid-state displacement reaction and wet chemical precipitation, and the influence of the physical characteristics of cerium oxide on the removal rate of plasma-enhanced tetraethylorthosilicate (PETEOS) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) nitride films in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) was investigated. The fundamental physicochemical property and electrokinetic behavior of ceria particles in aqueous suspending media were investigated to identify the correlation between the colloidal property of ceria and the CMP performance. The surface potentials of two different ceria particles are found to have different isoelectric point (pHiep) values and differences in physical properties of ceria particles such as porosity and density were found to be the key parameters in CMP of PETEOS films. Ceria powders synthesized by the solid-state displacement reaction method yielded a higher removal rate of PETEOS and higher selectivity than powders synthesized by the wet chemical precipitation method.

Temporal Ontology Language for Representing and Reasoning Interval-Based Temporal Knowledge

W3C Web Ontology working group has recently developed OWL as an ontology language for the Semantic Web. However, because OWL does not have the full-fledged semantics for temporal information, it cannot perform reasoning about temporal knowledge. Entities in the real world are changing according to the passage of time and new facts are occurring due to events. If knowledge in the KBs does not have the temporal information, it becomes incomplete and incorrect. Therefore, we in this paper propose an ontology language TL-OWL, which extends OWL to have the temporal semantics in order to represent and reason the temporal information in the Semantic Web.