Séverine Gojard
Institut national de la recherche agronomique
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Revue Francaise De Sociologie | 2000
Séverine Gojard
Severine Gojard : Die Ernahrung des Kleinkinds. Verbreitung und Aufnahme der Normen fur die Sauglingspflege. Mit Hilfe einer Untersuchung bei Muttern von weniger als drei Jahre alten Kindern, werden zwei Verbreitungsarten der Kleinkinderernahrungsregeln offengelegt : einerseits eine gelehrte Art, die sich durch eine geringe Pflegeerfahrung fur Kleinkinderernahrung und durch die Anwendung legitimer Hilfsmitteln auszeichnet, wie Kinderarzte und Kinderpflegebucher, und die besonders bei Frauen aus hoheren Klassen vorhanden ist. Andererseits eine Familienart, die sich durch die intergenerationelle Vermittlung von Sauglingspflege stutzt, und die besonders bei Frauen aus unteren Gesellschaftsklassen vorhanden ist. Die Gegenuberstellung von beiden Verbreitungsmethoden unterstreicht die Zweideutigkeit einer Praxis wie das Bruststillen, die sowohl den sachkundigen Kriterien der Kleinkinderernahrung entspricht als auch der traditionellen Praxis in bestimmten Teilen der unteren Volksklassen, und die an beiden Enden der sozialen Stufenleiter vorhanden ist. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung fuhren zur Infragestellung des Verbreitungsschemas, das zur Darstellung der Anwendung der Normen der Kinderpflege benutzt wird.
Journal of Consumer Culture | 2016
Marie Plessz; Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier; Séverine Gojard; Sandrine Barrey
Food consumption has become the subject of many prescriptions that aim to improve consumers’ health and protect the environment. This study examined recent changes in food practices that occurred in response to prescriptions. Based on practice theories, we assume that links that connect practices with prescriptions result from evolving social interactions. Consistent with the life-course perspective, we focus on distinctions between public prescriptions and standards that individuals consider relevant to their lives. We rely on quantitative data and the results of qualitative fieldwork conducted in France. Our results suggest that consumers may change food practices when they reach turning points in their lives. They may reconsider resources, skills and standards. Middle- and upper-class individuals are more likely to adopt standards consistent with public prescriptions. Possible explanations are that they trust expert knowledge sources, their social networks are less stable and smaller gaps exist between their standards and prescriptions.Food consumption has become the subject of many prescriptions that aim to improve consumers’ health and protect the environment. This study examined recent changes in food practices that occurred in response to prescriptions. Based on practice theories, we assume that links that connect practices with prescriptions result from evolving social interactions. Consistent with the life-course perspective, we focus on distinctions between public prescriptions and standards that individuals consider relevant to their lives. We rely on quantitative data and the results of qualitative fieldwork conducted in France. Our results suggest that consumers may change food practices when they reach turning points in their lives. They may reconsider resources, skills and standards. Middle- and upper-class individuals are more likely to adopt standards consistent with public prescriptions. Possible explanations are that they trust expert knowledge sources, their social networks are less stable and smaller gaps exist between their standards and prescriptions.
European Journal of Public Health | 2013
Marie Plessz; Séverine Gojard
BACKGROUND Vegetable consumption varies highly across households, based on household structure and socio-economic status, but little is known about the share of fresh vs. processed (e.g. frozen or canned) vegetables. Our aim was to compare the social and economic determinants of fresh and processed vegetable consumption. METHODS We reviewed detailed data on vegetable purchases for at-home consumption of 2600 French households during 2007. We took into account a wide range of processed vegetables (excluding potatoes) and made a distinction between fresh vegetables, processed vegetables and baby food containing vegetables. We conducted regression analyses to predict consumption of fresh and processed vegetables in kilograms per year and unit values in euros per kilogram. RESULTS About 60% of the vegetables bought by the sample households were fresh. Fresh vegetable consumption increased with the respondents income, age and educational level, and with the number of adults but not with the presence of children aged <6 years. The quantity of processed vegetables purchased increased with the household size but was not dependent on age, education or household income, although the richest households spent more per kilogram on processed vegetables. Households with a child aged <6 years also purchased 10 kg of baby foods containing vegetables. CONCLUSION We found socio-economic inequalities in the quantities of fresh vegetables, in the spending on fresh and processed vegetables but not in the quantities of processed vegetables. This suggests that monitoring the price and nutritional quality of processed vegetables and providing this information to consumers could help them identify nutritious, affordable and convenient foods.
Sociology | 2015
Marie Plessz; Séverine Gojard
This article uses theories of practice to offer new lines of analysis of distinction through food. Middle-class households typically consume more vegetables than lower-class households. We examine aspects of vegetable consumption practices that might explain this fact. After briefly presenting theories of practice, we define vegetable consumption as a practice. We use household purchase data collected in 2007 for 2600 French households to address two questions: (1) is this theoretical framework relevant in accounting for the determinants of fresh and processed vegetable purchases, and (2) how do commitments to cooking and shopping intervene in the relationship between class position and vegetable consumption? We conclude that distinction occurs through modes of engagement in vegetable consumption. Because the practice’s teleoaffective structure is consistent with middle-class notions of health and proper food, these households engage more in fresh vegetable consumption, even though their commitment to cooking is rather low.
Population | 2003
Nicolas Renahy; Cécile Détang-Dessendre; Séverine Gojard
Based on the study of a cohort of individuals born between 1939 and 1946 enumerated in an industrial village in eastern France in the 1954 census, this article presents a model of working-class non-migration. The integration of unskilled workers is shown to proceed by marriage with local-born women, followed by the local social reproduction of worker status by first-born sons. A labour aristocracy thus emerges, through kinship mechanisms that correspond to a given state of the labour market. This result is obtained by combining an ethnographic survey (reconstruction of the trajectories of lines of descent in space and in an employment system) and statistical analysis (MCA and failure-time models). The same operation conducted on a cohort of individuals born in the 1960s indicates that the model no longer functions. As a result of the local unemployment crisis, the local origins that were the key to access to the local labour market in the 1960s become an incentive to migration in the 1980s.
Nutrition Clinique Et Metabolisme | 2014
M. Kadawathagedara; Claire Kersuzan; Christine Tichit; Séverine Gojard; M.-A. Charles; Sandrine Lioret; B. De Lauzon Guillain
Introduction et but de l’etude Le Programme National Nutrition Sante (PNNS) a ete mis en place en France afin d’ameliorer l’etat de sante de l’ensemble de la population. Neuf reperes nutritionnels sont definis et des conseils alimentaires specifiques visent certains groupes de population dont les femmes enceintes. Notre etude visait a evaluer le respect des recommandations nutritionnelles chez les femmes enceintes francaises. Materiel et methodes Nous avons utilise les donnees de la cohorte Elfe, qui suit les enfants de 18 041 meres ayant accouche en 2011 dans les maternites de France metropolitaine. L’alimentation maternelle au dernier trimestre de grossesse a ete mesuree a la maternite avec un questionnaire de frequence alimentaire de 122 items. Les donnees obstetricales et sociodemographiques ont ete recueillies a l’aide d’un releve du dossier medical et grâce a un questionnaire pose en face-a-face par le personnel medical en maternite. Le score d’adequation au PNNS (PNNS-Guideline Score 1 ) a ete utilise pour evaluer le respect des recommandations generales au cours du troisieme de la grossesse chez les femmes enquetees. Un score specifique a ete cree pour evaluer le respect des conseils ciblant les femmes enceintes. Resultats et Analyse statistique Le score median d’adequation aux 11 recommandations generales du PNNS etait de 6 EIQ (etendue interquartile Q1-Q3) [5–7] au cours du troisieme trimestre de grossesse. Les recommandations du score PNNS non suivies par au moins 50 % des femmes concernaient les categories d’aliments : « Fruits et legumes », « Feculents », « Aliments complets », « Produit de la peche », « Produits sucres », « Boisson » et « Sel ». Le score median d’adequation aux 10 recommandations specifiques de la grossesse etait de 5,7 EIQ [4,7 a 6,7]. Les recommandations suivies par au moins 50 % des femmes concernaient les elements suivants : « Supplementation en acide folique », « Apports en folates », « Apports en vitamine D », « Apports en fer » et « Frequence des repas ». Dans l’analyse multiva-riee, des scores plus eleves pour les scores PNNS et « Grossesse » etaient observes chez les femmes nees a l’etranger, celles ayant un niveau d’education plus eleve, plus âgees, primipares, avec un IMC normal, une categorie socioprofessionnelle plus favorisee, un revenu plus eleve, et ayant participe un nombre eleve de cours de preparation a la naissance ou de visites prenatales. Conclusion Pour ameliorer le suivi des recommandations nutritionnelles chez les femmes, les messages de prevention doivent etre davantage cibles et adaptes pour les femmes jeunes et les femmes ayant un faible niveau socio-economique.
Archives De Pediatrie | 2014
Claire Kersuzan; Séverine Gojard; Christine Tichit; Sophie Nicklaus; Bertrand Geay; Xavier Thierry; M.-A. Charles; B. de Lauzon-Guillain
Basee sur une analyse des donnees de la cohorte Elfe, qui a collecte des informations precises et detaillees sur l’alimentation a la naissance, aupres d’un echantillon de plus de 18000 meres d’enfants nes en 2011, la communication visera a preciser les determinants socioculturels de l’allaitement. On examinera la frequence de l’initiation de l’allaitement (exclusif ou mixte) au regard du statut socioeconomique des parents, de l’âge, la situation de couple, le lieu de naissance des parents et la parite de la mere ainsi que du contexte de la naissance, notamment la region, type de maternite et degre de promotion par les sages-femmes de l’allaitement. Une telle approche, nourrie de la pluridisciplinarite de l’equipe, vise a integrer divers determinants potentiels releves comme importants dans la litterature mais qui sont rarement croises entre eux. Les donnees de suivi apres la naissance, si elles sont disponibles rapidement, completeront ces resultats par des informations plus originales : transmission de savoir-faire familiaux, alimentation de la mere pendant la grossesse, proximite sociale et culturelle avec les milieux qui emettent les normes medicales.
Nutrition Clinique Et Metabolisme | 2014
Sandra Wagner; Claire Kersuzan; Séverine Gojard; Christine Tichit; Sophie Nicklaus; Bertrand Geay; Pierig Humeau; Xavier Thierry; M.-A. Charles; Sandrine Lioret; B. de Lauzon-Guillain
Introduction et but de l’etude Le lait maternel est la source d’alimentation la plus adequate pour les nourrissons pendant les 1ers mois de vie. L’Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS) preconise un allaitement maternel exclusif jusqu’a 6 mois, puis un allaitement partiel complete avec des aliments de diversification adaptes jusqu’a 2 ans1. En France, la derniere enquete nationale perinatale, realisee en 2010, a revele que, malgre les recommandations de l’OMS, le taux d’allaitement a la naissance etait de 60 %2. Recemment, l’etude EPIFANE a indique que le taux d’allaitement diminuait a 35 % a 1 mois post-partum3. Il a ete mis en evidence que des facteurs demographiques et socioculturels pouvaient moduler l’initiation de l’allaitement, comme le statut social, l’âge de la mere ou la region d’habitation2–3. Toutefois, les facteurs influencant la duree d’allaitement ont ete peu etudies. L’objectif de notre travail a ete d’etudier les facteurs socioculturels associes a l’initiation et la duree d’allaitement en France. Materiel et methodes Nos analyses ont porte sur les donnees de l’Etude Longitudinale Francaise depuis l’Enfance (Elfe) qui est la premiere cohorte de naissance francaise a grande echelle. Plus de 18 000 nourrissons, nes dans un echantillon representatif de maternite, ont ete recrutes en 2011 et suivis a 2 mois et 1 an. L’alimentation a egalement ete suivie mensuellement par questionnaire entre 3 et 10 mois. Les associations entre allaitement et facteurs socioculturels ont ete testees a l’aide de regressions lineaires et logistiques. Resultats et Analyse statistique Dans l’etude Elfe, 72 % des enfants sont allaites, de maniere exclusive ou partielle, a la naissance et 24 % le sont encore a 6 mois. L’initiation et la duree d’allaitement sont associees positivement a la presence du pere a l’accouchement ou a un statut socio-economique eleve et negativement a l’IMC de la mere ou son statut tabagique durant la grossesse. Le pays de naissance des parents est fortement lie a l’initiation et a la duree d’allaitement : le taux d’initiation est plus eleve et la duree d’allaitement plus longue dans les familles dont les deux parents sont nes a l’etranger. Des analyses plus fines sont en cours. Conclusion Ces resultats nous permettront de mieux cibler les groupes a risques vis-a-vis des pratiques d’allaitement.
Population | 2003
Nicolas Renahy; Cécile Détang-Dessendre; Séverine Gojard
Renahy Nicolas, Detang-Dessendre Cecile, Gojard Severine.- Dos etapas de emigra- cion obrera. Migracion y sedentarismo en un municipio industrial A partir del analisis de una cohorte de individuos nacidos entre 1939 y 1946 y censados en 1954 en un municipio del este de Francia, este articulo presenta un modelo de sedentarismo de la mano de obra trabajadora. En base a este modelo, la integracion de los obreros no califi- cados se produce a traves de la alianza con las mujeres autoctonas, y la reproduccion local del status de obrero a traves del hijo mayor. Es asi que aparece una aristocracia obrera, a traves de mecanismos de parentesco que corresponden a una situacion determinada del mercado de trabajo. Estos resultados se obtienen combinando una encuesta etnografica (para reconstituir las trayectorias familiares en el espacio y en lo referente al empleo) y analisis estadistico (ACM y modelos de duracion). Sin embargo, el modelo deja de funcionar si se toma como base una cohorte de individuos nacidos durante los aňos sesenta. El hecho de ser autoctono, clave para la entrada en el mercado de trabajo local durante los aiios sesenta, empuja a la migracion durante los ochenta, debido a la crisis del empleo local
Food and Foodways | 2001
Martin Bruegel; Séverine Gojard
Physical growth of newborns depends, among other factors, on parental investment in early guardianship. While a childs needs are many, reaching from sleep to intellectual stimulation, chief among them is food, and feeding indeed appears as the most time-consuming waking activity in his first few months. In most societies, though not all and not at every period in history, the mothers or a wet nurses milk assures the original supply of nutrients. Animal milk and starchy gruels supplement breastfeeding as the infant grows into a toddler. Since all societies choose among the range of available edibles to eliminate some substances from, and include others in, their food repertoires, the exploitation of the natural environment conditions the assortment of these supplements. The childs diet thus evolves toward the food selection of his host society. Of course, this process of integration is not just nutritional. It is predominantly social. The child not only learns what to eat. The nursing personnel, whether parents, kin, or professionals, progressively bring him to respect social rhythms so as to have him join the group of commensals. They teach the manners required to partake in meals. And they proffer indications on the etiquette of interaction during mealtime. In other words, food and foodways intervene prominently in the childs socialization, and they shape the relations of the self to the body, time, and others. The general truth of this observation begs, however, a great many questions on the specific ways in which societies use nursing and feeding to provide a child with the wherewithal to become one of their members. Hence the call for papers on food and education that encouraged empirical inquiries into the relations between alimentary practices and the learning of social norms.