nan Sobir

Analysis of Allelic Diversity and Genetic Relationships Among Cultivated Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in Java, Indonesia Using Microsatellite Markers and Morphological Characters

The genetic variation and relationships of the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) were observed across mangosteen populations in Java, Indonesia using newly identified microsatellite loci and morphological characters. In this study, we developed an improved protocol to isolate microsatellite loci, named Selective Repeats from AFLP Sequence, by using a hybridized membrane. Twenty microsatellite loci were evaluated using 78 individuals from five mangosteen populations, and we successfully amplified four closely related Garcinia species, including G. malaccensis, G. hombroniana, G. celebica, and G. porrecta. Eight loci were monomorphic and the others were polymorphic. Sixty-nine alleles were found, with 3.491 per locus on an average. Genetic diversity (Hʹ) was calculated with an average across loci within population (HʹS) as 0.39, an average loci across many populations (HʹT) as 0.444, and genetic differentiation (FʹST) as 0.147. Furthermore, based on morphological characters, mangosteen individuals from four populations including Leuwiliang, Wanayasa, Puspahiang, and Kaligesing also had morphologically distinct fruit weight, rind weight, and rind thickness among populations. The study also elucidated the dispersal pattern of mangosteen in Java; the source of the genotype mangosteen in Java population was the Wanayasa population. In addition, we found evidence of tetraploidy in mangosteen. These results have potential applications in future breeding, conservation studies, and genetic assessment of mangosteen and their closely related species.

GC-MS PROFILING OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM FIFTEEN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF INDONESIAN SHALLOT GROWN IN TIDAL SWAMPLAND

In this study, fifteen commercial varieties of Indonesian shallot (Allium cepa L.) grown in tidal swamp land were analyzed for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) profiling of volatile compounds. A total of 64 volatiles were identified in fifteen varieties of Indonesian shallot. The cycloartenol was identified containing a major compound in all shallot varieties. Multivariate data analysis revealed that (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3-β-ol, obtusifoliol, pentacosane, furfural, cholesterol, 23 S/R-methylcholesterol, 9, 17-octadecadienal, 1-nonadecene, 14-methylergost8-en-3-ol, 14α-methyl-δ8-ergostenol, ergost-5-en-3-ol, octacosane, and docosane contributed the most to classification of different Indonesian shallot varieties. This work provides the complete map of volatiles compound in Indonesian shallot that grown in tidal swampland, with Manjung variety exhibiting the most distinct volatile compounds among studied shallot varieties. The 1-((dicyclohexylphosphorothioyl) methyl) piperidine, volatile sulfurcontaining compounds, was indeed the major component of Majung variety.

Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Fruit and Its Correlation to Fruit Morphologies

Eggplant is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables in the world and has high biodiversity in terms of fruit shape, size, and color. Therefore, fruit morphology and nutrient content become important considerations for both consumers and breeders who develop new eggplant-based products. To gain insight on the diversity of eggplant metabolites, twenty-one eggplant accessions were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics using GC-MS and LC-MS. The dataset of eggplant fruit morphologies, and metabolites specific to different eggplant fruit accessions were used for correlation analysis. Untargeted metabolomics analysis using LC-MS and GC-MS was able to detect 136 and 207 peaks, respectively. Fifty-one (51) metabolites from the LC-MS analysis and 207 metabolites from the GC-MS analysis were putatively identified, which included alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acids, and flavonoids. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that 14 fruit morphologies were correlated with several metabolites. This information will be very useful for the development of strategies for eggplant breeding.

Pengembangan Kriteria Seleksi untuk Perakitan Terung (Solanum melongena L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi

Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) are consumed worldwide in a variety of colors, shapes and sizes, thus vegetable plant breeders place great interest in developing high yielding genotypes in response to the population growth and the need to increase vegetable production. This research was aimed to determine the proper character as selection character for breeding high yielding eggplants by using estimated heritability value, coefficient of genetic diversity, characters correlation and path analysis. The experiment was conducted during 2014 to August 2015 at Cikabayan Experimental Field, Tajur Experimental Field and Pasir Sarongge Experimental Field, IPB, West Java. A total of 12 characters was observed in the 25 genotypes. Eleven characters has a high estimated heritability value and high coefficient of genetic diversity value. Those characters were time of flowering, time of harvest, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit diameter, plant height, stem length, fruit apical scar length, calyx length, the number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant. Results of correlation and path analysis showed that fruit length, fruit weight, fruit diameter, stem diameter, calyx length and number of fruits per plant have a direct positive effect on fruit weight per plant. Fruit weight, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant are suitable characters in determining the selection criteria for developing high productivity eggplant. Keywords: path analysis, correlation, heritability, genetic diversity coefficient