Winarso Drajad Widodo

Kriteria Kemasakan Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) IPB Callina dari Beberapa Umur Panen

ABSTRACT Papaya is one of the climacteric fruit that has a short shelf life. It has high potential as a source of vitamins and minerals. This research was aimed at studying the maturity criteria of postharvest ripeness of Callina papaya fruit of several picking ages and to determine the best picking ages for postharvest handling in order to extend the shelf life. Experiment was conducted in the Research Center for Tropical Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University (PKHT, IPB) Papaya Farm Tajur, Bogor and postharvest ripening test was conducted at Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University in February to July 2014. Experiment consisted of 4 treatments: 115, 120, 125 and 130 days after anthesis (DAA) with 3 replications. The longest shelf life for papaya Callina was obtained by fruit picked at 115 DAA (heat unit 2010.06 0C day) with the shelf life of 8 days. Picking ages 120 DAA (heat unit 2102.13 0C day) was the best picking ages for treatment to extend the shelf life because of the good chemical quality contained and its shelf life of 7 days. The older papaya fruits ripened faster than the younger papaya fruit. Younger papaya has a lower respiration rate than the older papaya. Picking ages did not affect the physical quality but affect the chemical quality of papaya fruit at the same postharvest maturity level. Kata kunci: Callina, chemical quality, physical quality, shelf life ABSTRAK Pepaya merupakan salah satu buah klimakterik yang memiliki daya simpan pendek, tetapi memiliki potensi yang tinggi sebagai sumber vitamin dan mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kriteria kematangan pascapanen buah pepaya Callina dari beberapa umur panen dan menentukan saat panen terbaik untuk penanganan pascapanen dalam rangka memperpanjang masa simpan. Buah untuk percobaan diperoleh dari kebun pepaya Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika, Institut Pertanian Bogor (PKHT, IPB) Tajur, Bogor dan pengujian kematangan pascapanen dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Februari - Juli 2014. Percobaan terdiri atas 4 perlakuan: 115, 120, 125 dan 130 hari setelah antesis (HSA) dengan 3 ulangan. Umur simpan terlama pepaya Callina diperoleh pada umur panen 115 HSA (satuan panas sebesar 2010.06 0C hari) dengan umur simpan 8 hari. Umur panen 120 HSA (satuan panas sebesar 2102.13 0C hari) merupakan umur panen terbaik untuk perlakuan memperpanjang umur simpan karena mutu kimia baik dengan umur simpan 7 hari. Buah pepaya yang dipanen tua lebih cepat masak dibandingkan dengan buah pepaya yang dipanen muda. Pepaya yang dipanen muda memiliki laju respirasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pepaya yang dipanen tua. Umur panen tidak mempengaruhi mutu fisik tetapi mempengaruhi mutu kimia buah pepaya pada tingkat kematangan pascapanen yang sama. Kata kunci: Callina, mutu fisik, mutu kimia, umur simpan

Antibiotik sebagai Induktor Buah Tanpa Biji pada Anggur

Four kinds of antibiotics were examined, viz. streptomycin (SM) and gentamicin (GM) as bactericidal antibiotica and tetracycline (TC) and spectinomycin (SE) as bacteriostatical antibiotics. Kyoho an Pione (tetraploid hybris cultivars) were used as the plant materials. Among the four antibiotics, SM and SE were effective to induce seedlessness in Muscat of Alexandria (MOA) and less effective for Kyoho and Pione. The seedless induction effect of SM and SE seemed not to be affected by their mode of action. Using the four cultivars, Kyoho, Pione, MOA, and Neo Muscat (NM), either SM or SE most effective to induce seedlessness when applied 3 days before full bloom. The ineffectiveness of antibiotics for Kyoho and Pione was indicated by the higher percentage of empty-seeded berries in these cultivars compared to MOA and Nm. Since there was no normal seed in the antibiotic-treated berries, this phenomenon indicated that the outer parts of the tetraploid ovules were more resistant to antibiotic treatments than those of diploid ovules. Key word: Grape, Seedless, Antibiotics