Sônia Barros

Práticas inovadoras para o cuidado em saúde

The need to build a new look to the care, based on dialogue and creativity, enables the social transformation of the role of professionals in their practice. It is understood here that the care is more than an act: it is an attitude. Moreover, the conceptual framework of psychosocial rehabilitation is an instrument that might enable the construction of this new look. In this context, to care is to consider the importance of building projects of life, significant for each user, as lynchpin of the therapeutic action. The necessary changes in mental healths practice and psychiatric nursing are progressing, since the knowledge produced in this area incorporates strategies to welcome and maintenance which considers, at all times, the exercise of active citizenship of the mental patients.The need to build a new look to the care, based on dialogue and creativity, enables the social transformation of the role of professionals in their practice. It is understood here that the care is more than an act: it is an attitude. Moreover, the conceptual framework of psychosocial rehabilitation is an instrument that might enable the construction of this new look. In this context, to care is to consider the importance of building projects of life, significant for each user, as lynchpin of the therapeutic action. The necessary changes in mental healths practice and psychiatric nursing are progressing, since the knowledge produced in this area incorporates strategies to welcome and maintenance which considers, at all times, the exercise of active citizenship of the mental patients.

Reinternação em hospital psiquiátrico: a compreensão do processo saúde/doença na vivência do cotidiano

Este trabalho e recorte de uma investigacao que buscou identificar o cotidiano de pessoas com transtornos mentais, que sofrem reinternacoes psiquiatricas. Nesse percurso foi possivel evidenciar que esses sujeitos expressam diversas concepcoes do processo saude/doenca mental e que caracterizam as formas de tratamento que se utilizam. Utilizou-se como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa fundamentada no conceito de cotidiano da autora Agnes Heller. As entrevistas de pacientes e familiares foram submetidas a analise de discurso que, entre outros resultados, revelou que essa populacao passou a ter novas ferramentas e possibilidades para compreender a loucura e a assistencia ao doente mental.

Vida cotidiana após adoecimento mental: desafio para atenção em saúde mental

Objectives: To investigate the effect of mental illness on the activity of daily living among individuals living in the community and to examine the options of those individuals for social inclusion. Methods: This qualitative study was guided by Agnes Heller’s conceptualization of daily life. The sample consisted of 13 individuals who received care in a psychiatric hospital and 9 of their family members. Data were analyzed through content analysis. Results: Mental illness affected an individual’s social participation and his or her activities of daily living. Although there were less opportunities for social inclusion, individuals with mental illness continued to be able to find other social possibilities. Conclusions: Mental health services valued the importance of daily life activities, which can promote autonomy and a place in society. It is important to recognize the challenges of individuals with mental illness for inclusion in the job market and interpersonal relationships.

Políticas de saúde e de saúde mental no Brasil: a exclusão/inclusão social como intenção e gesto

Trata-se de um ensaio que focaliza as politicas de saude mental como politica de saude no âmbito das politicas sociais no Brasil. Busca refletir as articulacoes entre sociedade/Estado/saude no plano politico estrutural e politico especifico, por meio do resgate historico das referidas politicas, identificando as caracteristicas e os problemas de cada momento.Conclui que ha na atualidade, um embate entre duas estrategias de assistencia psiquiatrica: a do modelo hegemonico, hospitalocentrico, que sequestra vidas, mutila corpos e mentes e mercantiliza a saude, e a do modelo contra-hegemonico, que busca a ruptura pela critica aquela logica, para produzir a tolerância para com a diferenca, na sociedade brasileira.This study emphasizes the specific characteristics of the mental health as a health policy in the social political field, in Brazil. The objective of this study is to analyze on the Society/State/Health articulations between the structural policies and the specific politic program by means of the historical rescue of these policies, identifying the characteristics and problems at each moment. Presently, an impact between the two strategies of the psychiatric assistance is observed: the hegemonic, hospital centered model which abducts lives, mutilate bodies and minds and trade the Health and, that one, against to the predominant model, searching the rupture by criticizing the Brazilian society.

Saúde mental na atenção básica: prática da equipe de saúde da família

The inclusion of mental health care actions in the context of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS; Sistema Unico de Saude) contributes to the consolidation of the Brazilian Psychiatric reform and demands redirecting the practices of family health teams with users with mental health needs. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the scientific production and actions developed by family health team professionals in mental health care. Systematic analysis originated the following themes: home visits to mentally ill patients and their relatives; attachment and welcoming; referrals; therapeutic workshops. In conclusion, the mental health actions developed in primary care are not performed consistently and depend on the professional or on the political decision of the administrator, which shows that professionals should use new practices to develop comprehensive care, and, therefore, there is a need to invest in improving the qualification of the professionals.

Reabilitação psicossocial dos usuários de álcool e outras drogas: a concepção de profissionais de saúde

Estudio exploratorio de abordaje cualitativa cuyo objetivo fue identificar las concepciones de profesionales de un Centro de Referencia para el tratamiento de problemas relacionados con alcohol y otras drogas acerca de la rehabilitacion psicosocial. Fueron entrevistados once profesionales de nivel superior, por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas. El analisis de los datos fue norteada por los presupuestos de la hermeneutica dialectica, la cual origino la categoria rehabilitacion psicosocial. Los resultados evidenciaron que en la concepcion de los profesionales, la rehabilitacion psicosocial se da en la realizacion de talleres terapeuticos, actividades externas y en el establecimiento de sociedades con otras instituciones. Se concluye que el concepto de rehabilitacion psicosocial que mas se evidencia en la percepcion de esos sujetos esta asociada al modelo psiquiatrico tradicional, arraigado a la logica de la normalidad social, el problema principal a ser superado en la asistencia a los usuarios de alcohol y otras drogas.Exploratory study with qualitative approach that had as its main objective to identify the conception of the health professionals about Psychosocial Rehabilitation from a reference Center for the treatment of alcohol and other drugs related problems. The sample consisted of eleven health professionals with an academic degree, submitted to semi-structured interviews. The data analysis was made according to the hermeneutic dialectic method which originated the Psychosocial Rehabilitation category. The data demonstrated that in the professionals conception, the Psychosocial Rehabilitation is given in the realization of therapeutic workshops, outdoor activities, and the estabilishment of a partnership with other foundations. It is concluded that the concept of Psychosocial Rehabilitation that was made clear in the conception of these subjects is still associated to the traditional psychiatric model, which is attached to the logic of social normality, the main challenge to the psychosocial model of assistance to the alcohol and other drugs users.Exploratory study with qualitative approach that had as its main objective to identify the conception of the health professionals about Psychosocial Rehabilitation from a reference Center for the treatment of alcohol and other drugs related problems. The sample consisted of eleven health professionals with an academic degree, submitted to semi-structured interviews. The data analysis was made according to the hermeneutic dialectic method which originated the Psychosocial Rehabilitation category. The data demonstrated that in the professionals conception, the Psychosocial Rehabilitation is given in the realization of therapeutic workshops, outdoor activities, and the estabilishment of a partnership with other foundations. It is concluded that the concept of Psychosocial Rehabilitation that was made clear in the conception of these subjects is still associated to the traditional psychiatric model, which is attached to the logic of social normality, the main challenge to the psychosocial model of assistance to the alcohol and other drugs users.

O trabalho de enfermagem no Hospital Dia na perspectiva da reforma psiquiátrica em João Pessoa - Paraíba

This is the report of an investigation that was carried out in order to apprehend themes that explain nursing work at a day hospital in Joao Pessoa, State of Paraiba, in the perspective of the psychiatric reform. The authors used the referential of dialectical and historical materialism and work as an analytical category. The empirical material was analyzed through the technique of discourse analysis. The study revealed a coincident theme - to change the model of traditional psychiatric assistance - and, in this sense, the work of nursing incorporates, in addition to its formal, technically specialized quality, a political quality, thus indicating a new meaning to the nursing work process.

A Saúde Mental no PSF e o trabalho de enfermagem

Pesquisa com a finalidade de compreender os limites/possibilidades de implementacao de acoes de saude mental nos servicos da rede basica de saude do municipio de Cabedelo PB, na perspectiva da Reforma Psiquiatrica proposta no pais. Tem referencial teorico-metodologico no Materialismo Historico e Dialetico. O material empirico foi analisado pela tecnica de analise do discurso. Os resultados indicaram que o processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros identifica-se com o processo de trabalho Assistir (Cuidar/Fazer). Preserva aspectos do modelo tradicional, mas, incorpora outros enfoques da Saude Coletiva, num movimento que requer a compreensao dos pressupostos do movimento pela Reforma Psiquiatrica para a transformacao do processo de trabalho de enfermagem, no sentido da inclusao social e da integralidade da assistencia.Research with the purpose of understanding the limits/possibilities of the implementation of mental health actions in the services of the basic health system of the municipal district of Cabedelo-PB, in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed in the country. It has theoretical-methodological reference in the Historical Materialism and Dialectics. The empiric material was analyzed by the technique of speech analysis. The results indicated that the work process of the nurses identifies with the work process to Attend (Care/Making). It preserves aspects of the traditional model, but it incorporates other focuses of the Collective Health, in a movement that requests the understanding of the presuppositions of the movement for the Psychiatric Reform for the transformation of the work process of nursing, in the sense of the social inclusion and of the integrality of the assistance.

Assessment of acute and subchronic oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Pothomorphe umbellata L. Miq (Pariparoba)

Existe uma grande preocupacao quanto ao uso seguro de extratos vegetais e, por esta razao, a necessidade de estudos toxicologicos pre-clinicos e clinicos destes extratos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a toxicidade aguda e subcronica do extrato hidroalcoolico liofilizado de Pothomorphe umbellata L. Miq., administrado por via oral para animais de laboratorio. O potencial mutagenico do extrato foi tambem avaliado pelo teste do micronucleo. Os resultados dos estudos a curto e medio prazo demonstraram que o extrato nao apresenta propriedades toxicas.

Inclusão e exclusão social: as representações sociais dos profissionais de saúde mental

Os Centros de Atencao Psicossocial (CAPS) propoem desenvolver acoes de inclusao social para pessoas com transtornos mentais. Contudo, constatam-se dificuldades acerca de praticas com este objetivo. Neste artigo apresentamos alguns dados de pesquisa realizada, como contribuicao para fomentar reflexoes sobre o tema. O objeto deste estudo sao as representacoes sociais dos profissionais de saude mental sobre praticas de inclusao social e os conceitos norteadores sao a reabilitacao psicossocial e a desinstitucionalizacao italiana. Os dados foram submetidos a analise do discurso, e para analisar a categoria empirica resultante - concepcoes sobre inclusao e exclusao social -, utilizamos a representacao social, segundo Minayo. Os discursos revelaram concepcoes concordantes com preceitos da reabilitacao psicossocial, como o exercicio da cidadania e a insercao no trabalho, e outras em desacordo com tais principios, como considerar o CAPS espaco em si de inclusao social, o que limita desenvolver praticas que tenham essa finalidade.