Tania Surya Utami

Preparation of the Edible Biocomposite Film Gelatin/Bacterial Cellulose Microcrystal (BCMC): Variation of Matrix Concentration, Filler, and Sonication Time

Several biodegradable polymers have been explored to develop biodegradable edible films in order to reduce the use of conventional plastics. In this study, edible biocomposite film is made from gelatin filled with Bacterial Cellulose Microcrystal (BCMC). BCMC is produced from nata de coco paste, which is hydrolyzed with cellulase enzyme. In making biocomposite, gelatin matrix is first dissolved in distilled water and then mixed with BCMC filler solution in ultrasonic bath. The solution resulted is then casted and dried in room temperature. The addition of BCMC is proven to improve physical properties, mechanical, and thermal properties of the resulting material. BCMC distribution of SEM showed increasing the tensile strength test results, DSC, and WVTR. When the BCMC concentration was varied from 1-4 wt% of the gelatin mass, tensile strength and glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 37.07 MPa to 74.04 MPa and 27.520°C to 39.60°C, respectively. Water Vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR) decreased from 37.77 gr.m-2.h-1 to 19.73 gr.m-2.h-1. Tensile test and DSC results also increased when varying the sonication time from 3-6 minutes, from 48.57 MPa to 57.23 MPa and 25.890°C to 37.290°C. WVTR decreased from 36.09 gr.m-2.h-1 to 20.54 gr.m-2.h-1.

Effect of pH, temperature and medium agitation rate in production of AA, DHA, EPA from Aspergillus oryzae with submerged fermentation

There are several substances that needs to be fulfill to keep the brain cell growth such as AA, DHA and EPA. Fungi is one of the alternative source of omega 3, omega 6, omega 9 especially AA, DHA and EPA. This research variates operating condition that is suitable for the growth of Aspergillus oryzae in AA, DHA, and EPA fatty acid production with Submerged Fermentation using synthetic medium. Aspergillus oryzae cultivated in medium using glucose as carbon source and Ammonium sulfate and yeast extract as nitrogen source. The extraction method using ethanol and n-hexane as solvent. The result shows that optimum agitation rate for unsaturated fatty acid production of Aspergillus oryzae is 120 RPM, lipid yield 28,28% and unsaturated fatty acid content 50,36 % and EPA content 2,42 %. Optimum medium pH for PUFA production of Aspergillus oryzae is 6, lipid yield 22,35 % and unsaturated fatty acid content 45,5 %. optimum incubation temperature for unsaturated fatty acid production of Aspergillus oryzae is 25 °C, lipid yield 13,19 % and unsaturated fatty acid content 62,15 %. Unsaturated fatty acids produced from Aspergillus oryzae are oleic, linoleic, linolenic and EPA.

Tapioca and tofu waste utilization to produce AA, DHA, and EPA

Human body has limited ability to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids such as AA, DHA, EPA. These fatty acids are essential for the body. This study initiated the efforts to produce unsaturated fatty acids of microorganisms, with low cost and high percentage. This study used tapioca and tofu waste as a medium for Aspergillus. In addition, this study analyzed the varying of carbon concentration to the maximum lipid production from Aspergillus oryzae and determine the optimum rate of agitation against lipid production from Aspergillus oryzae. The results shows that the optimum composition of AA, DHA, EPA are 0.18% (w / w), 0.33% (w / w), and 2.96% (w/w) respectively in concentration carbon of 9% (w/w) and agitation rate of 120 RPM.

The modification of ion exchange heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis

Conventionally, biodiesel is produced by using the homogeneous catalyst which has difficulty in high cost of the separation process. The heterogeneous catalysts ion exchange resin by its Solid phase can make an easier separation process, able to be reactivated and used repeatedly. In this research, the heterogeneous catalyst from various source such as Lewatit macro porous resin, Amberlite gel resin and natural zeolite bayah was investigated their performance to produced biodiesel from used cooking oil. Initially, the preparation of the ion exchange process with variations in time, temperature, the concentration of HCl and NaOH solution was investigated. Then, the activity of heterogeneous catalyst to produced biodiesel under the variation of stirring rate, zeolite particle size, and comparison of different ion exchange catalysts were also investigated. Finally, the stability test and regeneration treatment were also investigated. The optimum operating conditions of biodiesel synthesis process is at the t...

The influence of biofilm formation on electricity production from tempe wastewater using tubular membraneless microbial fuel cell reactor

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology can be potentially developed as an alternative energy source since it can convert various substrates from renewable sources into electricity using bacteria as biocatalyst. Tempe wastewater as MFC substrate gives advantages in tempe wastewater treatment and reducing the purchasing cost of bacteria. Currently, the applications of MFCs are still limited due to the relatively low electricity production, so many studies have been conducted to improve the electricity production by MFC. This study focused on investigating the influence of biofilm formation time and the use of macromolecule as additional substrate towards electricity production from MFC system with tubular membranless reactor and tempe wastewater as substrate. This study suggested that biofilm formation on anode could improve the electricity production up to 10-folds while the use of glucose as substrate addition reduce the electricity production up to 60%. The biggest electricity output was obtained from the ...

The effect of adding selective mixed culture of alternative electricity production based on tempe wastewater on tubular microbial fuel cell

Bacteria has long been known could produce electricity. MFC (Microbial Fuel Cell) is a technology that uses bacteria. MFC is potential as producer of alternative renewable energy through the conversion of waste by bacteria into electrical energy. However, this technology cannot reach the target value of the minimum voltage. This research is focused on reviewing the effect of the addition of gram positive and negative bacteria (selective mixed culture) contained in tempe wastewater as well as the optimal volume additions gram using a tubular single chamber membranless reactor. The result shows that the addition of selective mixed culture can increase voltage of MFC. Gram negative bacteria dominate tempe wastewater and has better ability to transfer electrons than gram-positive. The voltage increases with increasing amount of bacteria up to a certain maximum point. Addition of 1 mL gram-negative bacteria improve electrical output and provide the most optimal results of 0.0697 mW/m2 mV or 92.14% excalation a...