Veysi Akpolat

Treatment of osteoporosis by long-term magnetic field with extremely low frequency in rats

Background. Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. In this study, the role of long-term extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) on osteoporosis was evaluated. Methods. The experiments were performed on 45 female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into three groups (n = 15): Group I (ovariectomy (OVX) + ELFMF exposure), Group II (ovariectomised rats did not receive any treatment) and Group III (cage-control). Six months, 50 Hz, 1.5 mT magnetic field (MF) was used on Group I and Group II. Total body images of the animals were obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density values were increased significantly in ELFMF group, decreased in the group of OVX and not changed in cage-control. At the end of the 6 months after exposure with ELFMF, alteration in studied biochemical markers were detected significant. Bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) levels were increased in ELFMF and decreased in OVX groups when compared with cage-control group. N-telopeptide levels in OVX group were significantly higher than other groups. Testosterone and cortisol levels in OVX group were significantly higher and estradiol was lower than other groups. Conclusions. Our study suggests that ELFMF may be useful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Pentoxifylline and electromagnetic field improved bone fracture healing in rats

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and a mixture of both materials on bone fracture healing in a rat model. Materials and methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, femur fracture model with no treatment; Group B, femur fracture model treated with PTX 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection; Group C, femur fracture model treated with EMF 1.5±0.2 Mt/50 Hz/6 hours/day; and Group D, femur fracture model treated with PTX 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection and EMF 1.5±0.2 Mt/50 Hz/6 hours/day. Results Bone fracture healing was significantly better in Group B and Group C compared to Group A (P<0.05), but Group D did not show better bone fracture healing than Group A (P>0.05). Conclusion It can be concluded that both a specific EMF and PTX had a positive effect on bone fracture healing but when used in combination, may not be beneficial.

The Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field on the Conjunctiva and Goblet Cells

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) on the conjunctiva and goblet cells density. Methods: Thirty adult female Spraque Dawley rats were assigned to one of two groups, each containing 15 rats. The experimental group received magnetic field 4 hr/day for 7 days. The second group received standard laboratory care and served as a control. The specimens were evaluated by light microscopy for goblet cell density, conjunctival edema, inflammation, and fibroblast proliferation. Results: In ELF MF exposure group rats, the number of goblet cells was less than the control group. We also observed a significant difference between ELF MF exposure group and control group in terms of goblet cell density (p = 0.010). The ELF MF exposure group manifested conjunctival edema and inflammation compared to the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). There was no statistical difference between the groups for fibroblast proliferation (p = 0.422). Conclusion: This study suggests that ELF MF exposure leads to morphological alterations of the conjunctiva and reductions in the number of goblet cells. We believe that ELF MF may cause dry eye symptoms.

Extremely low-frequency magnetic field induces manganese accumulation in brain, kidney and liver of rats.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on accumulation of manganese (Mn) in the kidney, liver and brain of rats. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Four control groups received 0, 3.75, 15 and 60 mg Mn per kg body weight orally every 2 days for 45 days, respectively. The remaining four groups received same concentrations of Mn and were also exposed to ELF-MF (1.5 mT; 50 Hz) for 4 h for 5 days a week during 45 days. Following the last exposure, kidney, liver and brain were taken from all rats and they were analyzed for Mn accumulation levels using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. In result of the current study, we observed that Mn levels in brain, kidney and liver were higher in Mn groups than in control groups. Mn levels in brain, kidney and liver were also higher in Mn plus ELF-MF groups than in Mn groups. In conclusion, result of the current study showed that the ELF-MF induced manganese accumulation in kidney, liver and brain of rats.

The frequency of osteoporosis in patients with pemphigus vulgaris on treatment

BACKGROUND Pemphigus vulgaris was almost fatal before the advent of glucocorticoids. Unfortunately, the high doses and prolonged administration of glucocorticoids, which often needed to control the disease, result in numerous adverse effects many of which are serious. AIMS To evaluate the patients with pemphigus vulgaris on treatment in respect of osteoporosis and to compare the frequency of osteoporosis in these patients with the healthy ones. METHODS The study consisted of 40 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 34 healthy controls. Bone mineral density measurements were obtained by dual- energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood serum, bone parameters, and biochemical hormonal measurements were examined in both groups. RESULTS When the bone mineral density values of patients with pemphigus vulgaris were compared with those of the control group, there was no significant difference between hip bone mineral density values, while lumbar region T and Z scores were found significantly low in the patient group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.006, respectively). Osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry rates in the patient group were found to be 32.5%, 32.5%, and 35%, respectively. These rates were found to be 18%, 23%, and 59% in control group, respectively. There were more fractures in the patient group and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION An increase in osteoporosis frequency and secondary fracture to osteoporosis in the patients with pemphigus vulgaris was detected.

Examination of Long Term Magnetic Fields on Rat Calvarial and Mandibular Bone Mass

ABSTRACT By means of long term extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF), this study examined the effect of long term magnethic field on rat calvarian and mandibular bone mass. Fourty five female Spraque-Dawley rats were selected for the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups (n=15); ELF MF with 50Hz, 1.5mT was applied for 6 months, 4 hours/day. Total cranial and mandibular bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of rats were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Discovery QDR series, Discovery A, Hologic, Inc.). Measurements were recorded for all groups before and after the applications, all data were collected and analyzed statistically. The variations in Group 1, before and after the ELF MF applications with respect to BMC and BMD were considered significant (p<.01, p<.001). The variations in Group 2, that has bone loss with respect to BMC and BMD were considered not significant (p>0.05). The variations in control group, Group 3, with respect to BMC and BMD were considered significant (p<0.05).

Nutritional risk factors for the development of hypertension in diabetic patients

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the significant limitations, sensitivity, specificity, partial correlations, and odds ratios of nutrient intake in patients with and without hypertension with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients (n=220) with clinical diagnosis of hypertension and diabetic patients (n=230) without hypertension were included in this study. The questionnaire form included a list of 65 food items formed from five main food groups (grain, meat and alternatives, dairy products, vegetables-fruits and fat) and 25 dietary habits. When both groups were compared and analyzed by logistic regression, black tea consumption (OR=0.823, P<.001), vegetables-fruits scores (OR=0.853, P<.001), triglycerides (OR=0.726, P<.05), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (OR=0.777, P<.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR=0.526, P<.001) made significant differences. In ROC curves, the area under the curve of black tea (0.921), vegetables-fruits (0.906), triglycerides (0.889), WHR (0.881) and HDL-C (0.820) provided high accuracy to distinguish between patients with and without hypertension (P<.001). In diabetic patients without hypertension, significant partial correlations were observed between blood pressure and dairy products (systolic: r=)0.14; diastolic: r=)0.14, P<.05), vegetables-fruits groups (systolic: r=)0.18; diastolic: r=)0.17, P<.01) and black tea intake (systolic: r=)0.23; diastolic: r=)0.22, P<.001). It has been found that higher intake of black tea and vegetables-fruits consumption in diabetic patients protect against developing hypertension.

The effects of long-term exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on bone formation in ovariectomized rats

The effects of long-term extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure on bone formation and biochemical markers were investigated in ovariectomized rats. Sixty mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four different groups (n = 15): (i) unexposed control (CTL); (ii) ovariectomized only (OVX); (iii) non-ovariectomized, exposed (SHAM + ELF-MF); and (iv) ovariectomized, exposed (OVX + ELF-MF). The third and fourth groups were exposed to 1.5 mT ELF-MF for 4 h a day for 6 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined using dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) measurements. The formation and resorption of bone were evaluated using bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin, osteoprotogerin, and N-telopeptide. After 6 months of ELF-MF therapy, BMD values were significantly lower in the OVX group and higher in the OVX + ELF-MF and SHAM + ELF-MF groups than they were before therapy (P < 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in BMD values among the groups before therapy, the BMD values increased significantly after 6 months in the OVX + ELF-MF and SHAM + ELF-MF groups and were reduced in the OVX group compared to the CTL group (P < 0.001). The concentrations of BAP, osteocalcin, osteoprotogerin, and N-telopeptide in the three experimental groups also changed in a significant way compared to the CTL group. The results of the present study suggest that osteoporosis can be inhibited by ELF-MF stimulation treatments. It was also concluded that ELF-MF may be useful in the prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

Effects of local vibration and pulsed electromagnetic field on bone fracture: A comparative study

The effectiveness of various therapeutic methods on bone fracture has been demonstrated in several studies. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the effect of local low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on rat tibia fracture in comparison with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) during the healing process. Mid-diaphysis tibiae fractures were induced in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were assigned into groups such as control (CONT), LMHFV (15 min/day, 7 days/week), and PEMF (3.5 h/day, 7 days/week) for a three-week treatment. Nothing was applied to control group. Radiographs, serum osteocalcin levels, and stereological bone analyses of the three groups were compared. The X-rays of tibiae were taken 21 days after the end of the healing process. PEMF and LMHFV groups had more callus formation when compared to CONT group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.375). Serum osteocalcin levels were elevated in the experimental groups compared to CONT (P ≤ 0.001). Stereological tests also showed higher osteogenic results in experimental groups, especially in LMHFV group. The results of the present study suggest that application of direct local LMHFV on fracture has promoted bone formation, showing great potential in improving fracture outcome. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:339-348, 2017.

Increased bone mineral density in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

AIM To determine the relationship between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS A total of 38 patients (25 males) with a diagnosis of histologically proven NASH and 42 healthy controls (24 males) were enrolled in the study. Demographic features, clinical findings, complete blood count and routine biochemical analysis, as well as adrenal, thyroid and gonadal functions, were recorded. Additionally, intact parathormone, 25-OH-vitamin-D3, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels were measured in both groups. Furthermore, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD of both groups were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. RESULTS The mean age was 41 ± 12 years in the NASH group and 43 ± 11 years in the control group. Among demographic features, waist circumference was significantly larger in the NASH group compared to the control group (P < 0.019). Among laboratory parameters, serum triglyceride (P < 0.008), alanine transaminase (P < 0.0001), aspartate transaminase (P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.016), gamma glutamyl transferase (P < 0.0001), ferritin (P < 0.001) and 25-OH-vitamin-D3 levels (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the NASH group compared to the control group. Lumbar BMD was significantly higher in the NASH group compared to the control group (1.057 ± 0.119 g/cm(2) vs 0.941 ± 0.133 g/cm(2); P < 0.001, respectively). In the NASH group, there was no significant relationship between BMD and fibrosis stage in liver biopsy. CONCLUSION NASH increases BMD and may be related to an elevated serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 level.